Index
Maps and tables are indicated by m and t following page numbers. The insert figures are indicated by “insert” and their figure number.
Account-Inventory: Chazaud as editor of, 6n5, 14, 16–17, 92; chronology of, 16–22, 20t; currencies used in, 21, 23, 62, 62n22, 69; form and function of, 13–16, insert 1–7; French language used for, 3, 15, 15n35, 66–71, 70n20, 85; knightly narrative style in, 70–71; lack of scholarly attention given to, 6; literary qualities of, 12–13; as living document, 8, 62, 62n21; materiality approach to, 9–13, 9nn14–15, 17n41; memorial and emotive qualities of, 12, 12nn27–28; Outremer provenance of, 66–71, 91; rolls in order of size, 25, 25f, insert 1; transcription and translation conventions, 17n40, 23–24; visibility of Acre within, 63–69, 65m, 91–92. See also Roll A; Roll B; Roll C; Roll D
Acre: building projects in, 201; charitable landscape of, 64n3; cultural diversity in, 198, 201–3; economic significance of, 191, 192, 200; fall of (1291), 5, 119, 195, 199; fortifications of, 192, 194, 200; as gateway to Holy Land, 229; graphic practices in, 66–67, 66n9, 67n12; hospitals in, 64, 195–97; housing in, 192–93; intellectual exchange in, 203–4; knights stationed in, 60, 60n13, 81, 126n56; landscape and topography of, 191–97, 193n7; money for defense of, 232n14; painting in, 218n15; paradoxes in, 204–5; pilgrimage routes through, 199; religious institutions of, 64–66, 65m, 195–96, 204; Rutebeuf’s “The Complaint of Acre,” insert 32; seneschal of, 60, 60n16; stipendarii in, 60, 60n13, 81; Templar and Hospitaller compounds in, 180nn17–18, 193, 200; textiles in, 206, 206n1; translators in, 204, 204n29; visibility within Account-Inventory, 63–69, 65m, 91–92; War of St. Sabas in, 194, 202, 202n17; western-oriented institutions in, 67, 67n10
Agnes of Dampierre (sister-in-law of Eudes), 77
Albert of Vercelli, 197
Alphonse of Poitiers, 135, 141, 147
Andrew (saint), 151n114
annominatio (rhetorical device), 115, 174n158
Aragon, crusade of (1285), 26n5
Arnaut, William, 87
‘Atlit Castle. See Château Pèlerin
Baldwin II (king of Jerusalem), 58, 58n4, 59n7, 77–78, 196
Baldwin IV (king of Jerusalem), 196
Barons’ Crusade (1239), 57, 58n3, 85
Bastin, Julia, 114–15, 123n42, 138n85, 158n127, 170nn146–47
battles. See specific names of battles
Baume, Hugh de la, 87, 87n68, 107
Baybars (Mamluk sultan), 46n72, 58, 82, 156, 191, 194, 198–99, 238
Beam, Amanda, 182n33
Beatrice of Champagne (stepmother of Eudes), 21, 21n9
beavers, 43n63, 94, 94n12, 98–99, 212, 227, insert 22
bequests: charitable, 61, 178, 222, 242; clothing, 18, 180n16, 181nn19–20, 181nn22–27; delivery of, 44n69, 84, 104, 215–16, 216n4, 219; on dorsal of Roll B and Roll C, 18, 101–5, 103f; to hospitals, 18, 64, 103, 180–81, 181nn19–20, 196, 197; knightly equipment, 235; public performance of, 101; to religious houses, 64, 195–96, 204, 235; rings, 18, 71, 102–4, 182, 215–16, 219, 233–35, 233n16, 234n25
Béraud, Thomas, 30–31n24, 89n77, 188
Bese, Jehan de, 88
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 209
Boron, Robert de, insert 15, insert 26
Bougre, Robert le, 134n73
Brabant, Beatrix de, 221n25
Brabant, Henri de, 88
Broce, Pierre de la, 79n21
Brothers of the Penitence of Jesus Christ (Friars of the Sack), 181n24, 196
Brown, Bill, 12n26
buckram (boqueranz), 41n54, 66, 203, 206–10
Burchard of Mount Sion, 199
Burnell, Robert, 187
Byzantium. See Constantinople
camelin, 40n52, 43n65, 66, 99, 203, 211, 211n21, 227–28
camlet (camelot), 43n65, 93, 206–7, 210–11, 210–11nn18–19
Canale, Martino da, 124n48
Carmelites, 46n72, 181, 181n23, 196
Carpine, Giovanni di Pian di, 207–10
cendal silk, 41n56, 43–44n67, 207, 211–14, 227–28
Champenois knights, 26n2, 75, 99n36
Chananians, 140n89
chansons de geste, 36–37n38, 71, 130n59
Chantenai, Gui de, 26n5, 86–88, 102, 221
Chantenai, Hervé de, 86–88, 102
“La Chantepleure” (poem), 134n73
chapels: in Acre, 98n31, 195, 199; for crusading households, 7, 223–28; decor for, 209, 216, 218, 223–24, 224n3; Érard of Vallery and, 80, 82, 93n5; liturgical furnishings for, 97–98, 224–28, 224n5, 225n9; portable, 82, 97, 97–98n29, 223n2, 224, 225
chaplains, 85–86, 98, 103, 178, 224, 226, 230
Charles of Anjou: campaigns in Italy, 59, 156; Érard of Vallery and, 77, 83, 141; Hohenstaufen heirs and, 75, 135; marriage of, 61, 72, 83, 222; Princedom of Achaea and, 59n7
Charles II of Anjou, 222
Château Pèlerin (Israel), 66, 69, 82, 82n38, 95, 95n17, 193, 198
Chazaud, A.-M., 6n5, 14–17, 15n35, 32–33n33, 41n57, 92, 102nn48–49
chessboards, 107, 236, insert 30
Chiara of Montefalco, 108n10
chivalry (chevalerie), 8, 71, 74, 120, 128, 132n67, 141
Christianity and Christians: baptism, 98, 98n32, 224n5; chaplains and, 85–86, 224, 226, 230; conversion to Christianity, 98, 98n32; criticisms by Rutebeuf, 154n120; devotions, 62, 85, 94n12, 98, 109, 119, 197, 223–28; estate inventories of, 237; Eucharist, 98, 220, 224–25, 224n5, 227–28; Haram al-Sharif documents and, 243; Mass, 82, 85, 97–98, 98n31, 224–28, 224n5, 232; in Outremer, 5, 8; priests, 85, 97, 119, 192, 197, 224, 226, 232; vestments, 18, 98, 98n30, 100, 101n45, 224–28, 224n4, 227n12. See also chapels; crusades
Cistercians, 36n37, 89, 91, 133n70, 195, 220
Cîteaux monastery (Burgundy), 36n37, 89, 91, 91n1, 109, 109n12, 141
Clemence (queen of Hungary), 213
Clement IV (pope), 58, 59, 88, 135, 227
clerks, 62, 69, 84–86, 178, 182, 192, 227–28, 230
clothing: appraisal of value, 18, 99–100; bequeathed, 18, 180n16, 181nn19–20, 181nn22–27; embroidered, 241; of Eudes of Nevers, 98–99, 227–28; of Franciscans, 124n49, 133n70; fur used for, 29n17, 40–41n53, 98–99, 227, 233, 243, insert 15, insert 21; houppelandes, 43n64, 99, 99n39; of Louis IX, 99, 99n36; as portable stores of wealth, 99. See also textiles; vestments
Coeur, Jacques, 210
coffrets, 40n48, 221, insert 25
complaintes (laments), 71, 74, 120. See also Rutebeuf
conduit (poetic genre), 155n123
Constantinople: fall to crusaders (1204), 128, 214; fall to Greeks (1261), 59n7, 119, 128; gifts to empress of, 232–33; Latin Empire of, 3; objects looted from, 218; recovery of, 77; Rutebeuf’s “The Complaint of Constantinople,” 128–34; textile production in, 214
copes (liturgical cloaks), 226–27, 226n11
Cordeliers. See Franciscans
courtly conduct, 8, 120, 121n39
courtoisie, 71, 120, 121n39, 123, 123n44, 125, 147
crossbowmen, 86, 87n62, 230, 232, 232n14
crusade poems. See Rutebeuf
Crusader States. See Outremer
crusades: Andrew as patron saint of, 151n114; Barons’ (1239), 57, 58n3, 85; Fifth (1217–21), 57, 220; First (1095–99), 3, 7, 118, 139n86, 140n88; Fourth (1202–4), 3–4, 86n59, 220; independent, 59, 59n8, 229, 229n1; Louis IX and, 57–60, 58n3, 59n7, 76–78, 119, 122, 147, 156, 196, 229, 231; religious motivations for, 7, 7n10, 223; renewed call for, 58, 58n6; in romance texts, 8n13; Third (1189–92), 57, 91n1, 180n16, 197, 220; Tunis (1270), 59, 72, 78, 115, 118–20, 147, 147n104, 156. See also knights
crusade vows, 58, 135, 141, 143n97, 147, 151n116, 156, 177, 220n21, 220n23, 229
crusading households: chapels for, 7, 223–28; as masculine spaces, 97, 221; material standards of living for, 193; members of, 7, 86–90, 218, 229–33, 232n13; possessions in, 7–8, 232–36
cups. See drinking cups
DALME (Documentary Archaeology of Late Medieval Europe) database, 6n5, 24, 62n21
d’Artier, Jean, 83
d’Avezac de Castera-Macaya, Marie-Armand, 210, 210n16
Demurger, Alain, 82n40
Desrosiers, Sophie, 213
devotions, 62, 85, 94n12, 98, 109, 119, 197, 223–28
Diepe, Henri de, 88
al-Dīn al-Ḥazrajī (judge), 240
dit (poetic genre), 148n106
documentary archaeology, 11, 11n23, 91–105
Documentary Archaeology of Late Medieval Europe (DALME) database, 6n5, 24, 62n21
Dominicans, 132n66, 133n70, 135, 181, 181n25, 196, 204
dress. See clothing
drinking cups: ancient typology of, 217, insert 16; of Eudes, 84, 93, 107–8, 216–22; heraldic decorations on, 221, 221n25; liturgical, 97, 224n5, 225; Resafa cup, 219–20, 219–20nn20–21, 222, insert 27
Edmond (earl of March), 234
Edward I (king of England), 61n20, 79, 167n139, 176, 184–88
Edward II (king of England), 185
Egypt: Ayyubid rule in, 238; Cairo Geniza, 97n28, 240n8; crusades in, 229, 231; Louis IX’s treaty with Muslims in, 131n64; Mamluk rule in, 119, 238; textile production in, 214
Eleanor of Castile, 184, 187–88
embalming practices, 61, 89, 108–9, 108n10, 141
embroidery: clothing and, 241; gold for, 36n37, 227, 228, 236; quilts and, 209, 243; vestments and, 227, 227n12, 228; wall hangings and, 224, 224n3
Enguerrand II of Boves, 220, 220n21
Enguerrand III of Coucy, 133n68, 220
Enguerrand IV of Coucy, 145n102
Érard of Nanteuil, 59, 59n11, 75
Érard of Vallery: at Battle of Tagliacozzo, 77, 77n12; bequests made to, 79–80, 93n5, 102–3; as Champenois knight, 75; as constable of Champagne, 77–78, 77n13, 78nn15–16; death of, 141n91; drinking cup and, 221; Eudes’s possessions purchased by, 104, 107; as executor for Eudes, 16, 61, 74, 141; family background, 75–77; French language used by, 15, 68n15; in-kind payment made to, 218–19; Louis IX and, 75–78; marriage and children, 78–79; as partner in Eudes’s crusade, 59, 75, 231; Philip III and, 75n4, 79; poetic portrait by Rutebeuf, 74, 80; seal of, 79n26, insert 14; tokens of Eudes received by, 233; transfer of funds and loans by, 60, 61n18, 77; will of, 78, 79, 79n26
escrin (box for relics), 36n37, 89, 108–9, insert 24
estate inventories, 237, 240–43
Étienne le Clerc, 84–85, 86n59, 103
Eucharist, 98, 220, 224–25, 224n5, 227–28
Eudes III of Burgundy (grandfather of Eudes), 57
Eudes of Nevers: Acre as experienced by, 198–205; books of, 79–80, 80n28; chapel of, 80, 82, 97–98, 98n31, 223–28, 223n2, 224n5; clothing of, 98–99, 227–28; coat of arms, 220–21, 221n24; crusade vow taken by, 220n23, 229; crusading household of, 86–90, 97, 193, 223–24, 229–36; death of (1266), 3, 16–18, 61, 104, 175; French language used by, 16, 16n37; genealogy of, 21n49, 57–58, 57n1, 246; heart embalming and burial at Cîteaux, 36n37, 89, 91, 91n1, 108–9, 109nn12–13, 141; as independent crusader, 59, 229; interest in Eastern cultures, 203; knightly equipment of, 233–36; miracles reported at tomb of, 101; poetic portrait by Rutebeuf, 74, 80; Rutebeuf’s “The Lament for Count Eudes of Nevers,” 39n46, 80, 106, 141–46, insert 31; seals of, insert 13. See also Account-Inventory
Eustache of Conflans, 77n13
Faral, Edmond, 114–15, 123n42, 138n85, 158n127, 170nn146–47
Farmer, Sharon, 206
Fieschi, Opizzo, 42n61
Fifth Crusade (1217–21), 57, 220
First Crusade (1095–99), 3, 7, 118, 139n86, 140n88
Folda, Jaroslav, 14, 80n28, 92
folk taxonomies, 11
Fontainebleau, forest of, 154n121
Fourth Crusade (1202–4), 3–4, 86n59, 220
Franciscans: bequests made to, 181, 181n26, 196, 204; Clement IV’s exhortation to, 135; clothing of, 124n49, 133n70; headquarters in Montmusard, 64; Urban IV’s commission to, 128
Frederick II (Holy Roman emperor), 237
French language: Account-Inventory and, 3, 15, 15n35, 66–71, 70n20, 85; documentary writing style in, 70–71, 70n20; Eudes’s use of, 16, 16n37; geographical studies of, 16n38; knightly narrative style in, 70–71; Outremer French, 5, 66–71, 85n55; Rutebeuf’s use of, 15n35, 85, 85n55; vernacular tradition, 70n20; wills written in, 176
Friars of the Holy Trinity, 196
Friars of the Sack (Brothers of the Penitence of Jesus Christ), 181n24, 196
Galvez, Marisa, 109n13
garçons. See pages
garments. See clothing
Gaucher of Châtillon, 101n45
Gautier of Châtillon, 76n7
gems, 71, 104n55, 215–16, 218, 222, 222n30, 225, 227–28, insert 17–18
Genart, Adam, 76
Geoffrey of Fleury, 208
Geoffrey of Sergines (the elder): bequests made to, 102; conversion and baptism overseen by, 98n32; death of, 83, 83n41, 122; debts of, 82, 83; drinking cup and, 221; Eudes’s possessions purchased by, 87, 107, 236; French language used by, 15; John of Joinville on, 60n14, 81; letter asking for funds, 140n90; Louis IX and, 60, 81; poetic portrait by Rutebeuf, 74, 81; portable altar of, 97–98n29; Rutebeuf’s “The Lament for My Lord Geoffrey of Sergines,” 81, 115, 122–27; Templar of Tyre on, 81n31, 82, 83n41
Geoffrey of Sergines (the younger): death of, 83; as executor for Eudes, 16, 61, 74, 75, 82; French language used by, 15; transfer of funds and loans by, 60, 61n18
gifts: as demonstration of status, 232–33; of knightly equipment, 234–35; male solidarities reinforced through, 221; for weddings, 222. See also bequests
Giles (archbishop of Tyre), 196
Gilles of Sergines, 83
Givri, Huguenin, 88
goblets. See drinking cups
Godfrey of Bouillon, 117, 118, 139n86, 140n88
Grandson, Otto de, 184n39, 187
Guillaume le Chapelain, 85, 85n53, 98, 224, 226
Guy (king of Jerusalem), 197
Guy of Châtillon, 145n102
Guy IV of Forez, 61n20, 85, 103n54
Guy VI of Limoges, 89n73
Ham, Edward Billings, 169n144
Haram al-Sharif documents, 239–43, 240n8, 240n11, 243n21
heart, embalming and burial of, 36n37, 61, 89, 91, 91n1, 108–9, 109nn12–13, 141, 228
henaps. See drinking cups
Henry III (king of England), 15, 15n34, 79, 177
Henry of Rosnay, 77
Homede, 87
horses, 42n60, 87, 96, 232–33, 233n19, 235, insert 21. See also war horses
Hospitallers: Acre compound, 180n18, 193, 200; bequests made to, 18, 103, 180, 235; debts owed to, 31n27, 90, 90n79; grand master of, 185; jurisdictional disputes with, 197; written texts produced by, 67, 68
Hospital of Saint Brigid, 181, 181n21
Hospital of St. Anthony, 197
Hospital of St. John. See Hospitallers
Hospital of the Brothers and/or Sisters of Bethlehem, 180, 180–81n19
Hospital of the Germans, 197
Hospital of the Holy Spirit, 197
houppelandes, 43n64, 99, 99n39
Hugh (earl of Stafford), 234, 234n25
Hugh III of Burgundy (great-grandfather of Eudes), 57, 91n1
Hugh IV of Burgundy (father of Eudes), 21n9, 57–58, 58nn3–4, 135, 141, 215, 216n4, 221
Hugh de Neville, 61n20, 176–83, 217–18, 234–35
Hugh of Augerant: bequests made to, 102, 104, 215; delivery of Eudes’s bequests, 44n69, 84, 104, 215–16, 216n4, 219; drinking cup accepted by, 84, 218–19, 221; as executor for Eudes, 16, 61, 74, 82, 84, 215, 218, 230; French language used by, 15; lands given to, 26n6, 84; payments made to, 230, 230n5
Hugh of Châtillon, 122, 145n102
Hugh of Conflans, 77n13, 78n15
Humbert of Romans, 115
Ibn Jubayr, 194
independent crusaders, 59, 59n8, 229, 229n1
Innocent III (pope), 196
Innocent IV (pope), 207
Isabella I (queen of Jerusalem), 195–96
Islam and Muslims: in Acre, 201; conversion to, 131n62, 131n64; Haifa conquered by, 198; Haram al-Sharif documents and, 243; intellectual-religious tradition in, 238–39; Jerusalem controlled by, 237; Louis IX’s treaty with, 131n64; in Outremer, 5, 8; Qur’an and, 204, 242; Rutebeuf on, 116; shar’i courts, 238–40, 243; Sufis, 238, 243; Sunnis, 140n89; William of Tripoli’s treatise on, 204
Islamic Museum (Jerusalem), 239
Jacobins. See Dominicans
Jacoby, David, 80n28
Jaffa, Treaty of (1229), 237
Jami, Nafisa b. Ali b., 241–42
Jeanne of Constantinople, 130n59
Jeanne of Flanders, 222
Jeanne of France (countess of Champagne, queen of Navarre), 83
Jean of Vallery, 75–76nn5–7, 75–77
Jean Tristan (prince of France): bequests made to, 84, 102, 104, 115; crusades and, 91n1, 147, 156; heart separated from body, 109; marriage to Yolande of Nevers, 61, 72, 141, 144n99, 216, 219
Jehan le Porer, 87
Jerusalem, Kingdom of: built environment of cities in, 192–93; charitable landscape of, 64n3; Haram al-Sharif documents from, 239–43, 240n8, 240n11, 243n21; Mamluk rule in, 237, 238; Muslim control of, 237; pilgrimage sites in, 199, 200n8; political frontiers of, 191. See also Acre
jeu-parti (poetic genre), 160n134
jewelry: brooches, insert 18, insert 21; cameos, 92, 102–3, 216, 233; necklaces, 104n55, 242; rings, 18, 71, 102–4, 182, 215–16, 219, 233–35, 233n16, 234n25, insert 17
Jews, 5, 8, 137, 201, 237, 243, 243n21
John of Bourbon (brother of Eudes), 84, 102, 103, 215, 216n4
John of Brittany, 187
John of Châtillon, 145n102
John of Garland, 211
John of Ibelin, 81
John of Joinville: on chapel tent sent to Mongols, 95n18; crusading household of, 229–36, 232n12; on food provisions for armies, 96nn21–22; on Geoffrey of Sergines (the elder), 60n14, 81; gifts to empress of Constantinople, 232–33; injury and recovery of, 64; on Jean of Vallery, 75–76, 75–76n5; knightly equipment of, 233–36; knights led by, 96n22, 231, 231n8; Life of Saint Louis, 8, 75, 81, 229–32, 230n3; on Yves the Breton, 204
John of Montmirail, 40n48, insert 25
John of Saint-Maxentius, 28n13
John of Warenne, 234
Jordan, William Chester, 96n21, 98n32
Jotischky, Andrew, 191
Khwarazmians, 140n89
Kingdom of Jerusalem. See Jerusalem, Kingdom of
knights: Champenois, 26n2, 75, 99n36; chivalry and, 8, 71, 74, 120, 128, 141; in crusading households, 7, 86–88, 90, 218, 229–33; in cultural imaginary, 70n21, 71, 103; equipment used by, 233–36, 233n19; Eudes’s possessions purchased by, 107; interest in Eastern cultures, 203; maintenance of, 60, 60n15, 86n60, 88n70; oaths of fidelity and trust taken by, 221; payment of, 35n36, 37n41, 86–87, 86–87nn60–62; stationed in Acre, 60, 60n13, 81, 126n56; Teutonic, 47n74, 67, 68, 83n41, 95. See also crusades; horses; Hospitallers; swords; Templars
lais (instructions), 25–26n1, 61, 175
Lambourn, Elizabeth, 97n28
Le Paraclet Abbey (France), 220, 220n21
Leson, Richard A., 215
Levant: drinking cups in, 217; Eudes’s short period in, 218; Latin inhabitants of, 202; local vocabulary in, 66, 68–69; textiles in, 206, 206n1, 214
Le Veaul, Hermenin, 88
light cavalrymen (turcopoles), 66, 86, 230, 230n4, 232
Little, Donald, 240, 240n11, 242n19
Louis VIII (king of France), 220
Louis IX (king of France): Caesarea supported by, 198; closure of royal court to entertainers, 114; clothing of, 99, 99n36; crusades and, 57–60, 58n3, 59n7, 76–78, 119, 122, 147, 156, 196, 229, 231; cult of martyrs’ crowns established by, 126–27n56; death of, 104, 147; Eudes’s expedition supported by, 227; fortifications of Acre rebuilt by, 192, 200; Geoffrey of Sergines (the elder) and, 60, 81; heart separated from body, 109; Joinville and, 229–31; payment of knights by, 87n62; Templars as bank of deposit for, 67, 68n15; treaty with Muslims in Egypt, 131n64
Lufti, Huda, 240n11
Mahaut II of Bourbon (wife of Eudes), 57, 76, 221
Mamluks: Caesarea conquered by, 82, 198; campaigns against crusader castles and towns, 58; in Egypt, 119, 238; fall of Acre to (1291), 5; Haram al-Sharif documents and, 239–43, 240n8, 240n11, 243n21; refugees from regions captured by, 191, 201; shar’i courts and, 238–40, 243; in Syria, 119, 238, 239; Templar fort captured by, 199; waqf (charitable system) of, 238–39
Mansurah, Battle of (1250), 76, 76n5, 231
Marguerite of Burgundy (sister of Eudes), 27n10, 89, 89n73
Marguerite of Tonnerre (daughter of Eudes), 61, 72, 83, 83n46, 105, 221–22
Marie of Hungary, 222
Martin (saint), insert 21
Mass, 82, 85, 97–98, 98n31, 224–28, 224n5, 232
materiality, 9–13, 9nn14–15, 17n41
Matins, 134n74
McNamer, Sarah, 221
Menant, Odet de, 88
Merry, Gaucher de, 26n2, 86, 86n59, 88, 102, 221
Merry, Geoffrey de, 86n59
Michael VIII Palaeologus (Byzantine emperor), 58, 128
Middleham Jewel, 104n55
Miller, Maureen C., 223
Minors. See Franciscans
Mongols: chapel tent sent to, 95n18; emergence of, 58, 214; Mamluk defeat of, 238; perceived fear of the sea, 133n72; refugees from regions captured by, 201; Resafa conquered by, 220; textile production in, 206–9, 214; threat of European expansion, 133n71
Mont-Cornet, Hugh de, 87, 87n68, 107
Morgan Picture Bible, 95n18, 221, insert 16
Morreale, Laura, 11
Müller, Christian, 240n11
Munchensy, Ralph de, 181, 181–82n28
Muslims. See Islam and Muslims
Mussy, Jehan de, 88
Al-Mustansir (emir of Tunis), 156
Order of St. Lazarus, 46n70, 181, 181n20
Order of St. Thomas of Canterbury, 180, 180n16, 235
Order of the Holy Trinity, 181, 181n22
Outremer: Account-Inventory and, 66–71, 91; boundaries of, 3–5, 4m; cultural diversity in, 5, 8; currencies used in, 33–34n35, 69; French language used in, 5, 66–71, 85n55; housing in, 192–93; knightly culture of, 70n21, 71, 103; material, 9–13, 96n18, 109; nonknightly forces in armies of, 232n14; religious houses in, 64n5; Rutebeuf’s “The Complaint of Outremer,” 118, 135–40; Rutebeuf’s “The New Complaint of Outremer,” 81, 117, 118, 164–74. See also Acre; Jerusalem, Kingdom of
pages (garçons), 27n9, 60n15, 78, 86, 88, 93–94, 230, 232
Paul (saint), 118, 160n132, 164
Paul, Nicholas, 234n25
Peers, Glenn, 220
Pegalotti, Francesco Balducci, 209
Philip III (king of France), 26n2, 75n4, 79, 79n26, 83, 141, 147, 156, 164, 167n139
Philip Augustus (king of France), 130n59
Phocas, John, 194
Pierre of Alençon, 98n33, 147, 156
pilgrimages, 159n130, 199, 200n8
Pizorrno, Gabe, 11
priests, 85, 97, 119, 192, 197, 224, 226, 232
Pringle, Denys, 64, 64n1, 181n21, 195, 223n2
prudhomme, 8, 118–19n33, 118–27, 121n39, 142, 149–50, 168–69, 173, 187
Ralph of Ecclesall, 182, 182n30
Regalado, Nancy Freeman, 116
relics, 40n48, 71, 80, 97, 97n29, 99n37, 101, 103, 104, 109, 222
religious houses: Benedictines, 195–96; bequests made to, 64, 195–96, 204, 235; Carmelites, 46n72, 181, 181n23, 196; Cistercians, 36n37, 89, 91, 133n70, 195, 220; Claresses, 195, 195n17; Dominicans, 133n70, 135, 181, 181n25, 196, 204; Friars of the Holy Trinity, 196; Friars of the Sack, 181n24, 196. See also Franciscans
reliquaries, 36n37, 97, 104, 215, 225, insert 28
Resafa cup, 219–20, 219–20nn20–21, 222, insert 27
Revel, Hugh, 188
Reynaud of Précigné, 86–87, 230n5
Riccoldo of Monte Croce, 199
Richard, Jean, 59
Richard I (king of England), 197
Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 6nn6–7, 7, 33n34, 80n28, 86–87, 92
Robert II of Béthune, 164
Robert of Birdsall, 182, 182n29
Robert of Boves, 220
Robert II of Burgundy (brother of Eudes), 91n1, 109n12
Robert of Clari, 70n20
Robert of Flanders, 26n6, 72, 84
Robert of Juennesses, 33n34, 86–87, 102, 230n5
Röhricht, Reinhold, 6
Roland (nephew of Charlemagne), 117, 137n82
Roll A: chronology of, 19, 20t; debts owed and paid on, 82, 230n5; description of, 13, 25, 25f, insert 1, insert 3–6; drinking cups and, 217, 217n9; function as feudal register, 72; stitching on, 29, 29–30n19, 38; translation and transcription, 25–39
Roll B: bequests listed on dorsal side of, 18, 101–5; chronology of, 17–20, 20t; commemorative function of, 73; as deathbed testament or inventory, 18, 215n1; description of, 13, 17–18, 25, 25f, insert 1, insert 3, insert 7; items absent from, 97, 98; items recorded on, 92–99, 215–17, 226; knightly narrative style in, 71; spatial recording of possessions on, 96–97; translation and transcription, 39–44; visibility of Acre within, 91–92
Roll C: appraisal of items on, 99–100; bequests listed on dorsal side of, 18, 101–5, 103f; chronology of, 18–20; commemorative function of, 73, 100–101; description of, 13–14, 18, 25, 25f, insert 1–3; knightly narrative style in, 71; place-names recorded on, 64; translation and transcription, 45–48; visibility of Acre within, 91–92
Roll D: chronology of, 18–19, 20t; commemorative function of, 73; description of, 14, 18–19, 25, 25f, insert 1, insert 3; liturgical furnishings and, 224n5, 225; on sale of Eudes’s possessions, 99n37, 106–8; translation and transcription, 48–53
Rubin, Jonathan, 198
Rutebeuf: background of, 114; “The Complaint of Acre,” insert 32; “The Complaint of Constantinople,” 128–34; “The Complaint of Outremer,” 118, 135–40; contemporary observations through poetry of, 74–75; “The Disputation between the Crusader and the Noncrusader,” 156–63; French language used by, 15n35, 85, 85n55; “The Lament for Count Eudes of Nevers,” 39n46, 80, 106, 141–46, insert 31; “The Lament for My Lord Geoffrey of Sergines,” 81, 115, 122–27; “The New Complaint of Outremer,” 81, 117, 118, 164–74; “The Poem of the Route to Tunis,” 118, 147–55; poetic persona of, 113–14; as propagandist, 113, 114, 117–18; on religious life, 123n47; as social critic, 117, 119, 154n120, 164, 171n150; terminology considerations, 120–21; themes in poetry of, 116–17, 220n23; transcription and translation of works, 115–16, 119n34, 123n42
Rymer, Thomas, 184
Safforit, Salemon de, 87, 87n65, 202
St. Denis church (Montmusard), 181, 181n27
St. Giles church (Montmusard), 183, 183n34
St. Nicholas cemetery (Acre), 89, 101, 101n46, 108, 109n12, 180, 180n14
Saladin (Ayyubid sultan), 120, 191, 196
Salihiyya, Muhammad ‘Isa, 242n19
Sanç, Nunó, 235
Saumur, Gilles de, 28n13, 89n73, 196
sergeants, 7, 17, 19, 88, 230–32
Sergius (saint), 220
serpent’s tongues, 94–95, insert 23
servants, 7, 37n41, 61, 85, 86, 88–89, 91, 93–94, 178, 230–32, 232n12
serventois (poetic genre), 150n112
Shachar, Uri Zvi, 237
Sibylla (queen of Jerusalem), 197
Sissy, Perriau de, 88
Smail, Daniel Lord, 11, 96, 97n23
Smith, Caroline, 229
Souilly, Hugh de, 85n53
squires, 60n15, 78, 86, 88, 230–32
status, 27nn8–9, 83, 193, 205, 220, 223, 227–29, 232–34
stipendarii in Acre, 60, 60n13, 81
swords, 14, 95, 95n15, 97, 182, 233–35, 234n22
Syria: French commitment to, 59; Mamluk rule in, 119, 238, 239; Mongol destruction in, 220; textile production in, 206n2
Tabarie, Lionnet de, 87, 87n65, 202–3
Tagliacozzo, Battle of (1268), 77, 77n12
Tartar cloth (dras de tartais): baudekin and, 207–9, 207n5; clothing made with, 227, insert 19; of eastern provenance, 21, 41n54, 66; of Eudes, 93, 93n5, 94, 108; lampas weave technique, 208, insert 20; as material product of the East, 203; woven with gold thread, 36n37
Templar of Tyre, 81n31, 82–83, 83n41, 101, 105, 110, 200, 222
Templars: Acre compound, 180n17, 193, 200; as bank of deposit for Louis IX, 67, 68n15; bequests made to, 180, 218; communication with William of Jerusalem, 231n6, 232n14; debts owed to, 18, 19, 82, 83, 90; Eudes’s possessions purchased by, 31n25, 93, 99n37, 107–8; grand master of, 30n24, 89, 89n77, 185; Rule and Retrais, 68, 68n16, 233; Safad fort held by, 199; written texts produced by, 67, 68
tents, 80, 82n38, 95, 95nn17–18, 108, 224, 224n3, insert 26
Teutonic Knights, 47n74, 67, 68, 83n41, 95
textiles: altar cloths, 224, 226, 227; buckram, 41n54, 66, 203, 206–10; camelin, 40n52, 43n65, 66, 99, 203, 211, 211n21, 227–28; camlet, 43n65, 93, 206–7, 210–11, 210–11nn18–19; cendal silk, 41n56, 43–44n67, 207, 211–14, 227–28; meanings of Eastern cloth, 21–22, 21n50, 94n11; orfreys, 211, 211n22; production centers, 21n9, 206–14, 211n23, 241, 241n12; reuse of, 100, 100n42; terminology and technical requirements, 207; tiretaine, 40n52, 98, 98n35, 211, 212, 227; toile linen cloth, 40n49; weavers and, 208, 210, 242–43n19; woolen, 43n63, 206, 211–12, 211–12nn23–24, 227. See also clothing; Tartar cloth
textual stratigraphy, 12
Thibaut IV of Champagne, 76, 80n28
Thibaut V of Champagne and Navarre, 21n9, 77–78, 78n15, 109, 147, 150n113
Third Crusade (1189–92), 57, 91n1, 180n16, 197, 220
Thoyras, Rapin de, 184
tiretaine, 40n52, 98, 98n35, 211, 212, 227
toile linen cloth, 40n49
Tor, William de la, 87
treaties. See specific names of treaties
Tunis crusade (1270), 59, 72, 78, 115, 118–20, 147, 147n104, 156
turcopoles. See light cavalrymen
Vaivre, Jean-Bernard de, 221
Valence, William de, 187
vestments, 18, 98, 98n30, 100, 101n45, 224–28, 224n4, 227n12
Vidaut, Jaque (Jacques Vidal), 87, 87n66, 96, 203
Villehardouin, Geoffrey de, 70n20
Viterbo, Treaty of (1267), 59n7
waqf (charitable system), 238–39
wardrobe. See clothing
war horses, 78, 95, 107, 178, 182, 203, 232, 233n19
War of St. Sabas (1258–61), 194, 202, 202n17
West-Kappel, Battle of (1253), 76
Wilbrand of Oldenbourg, 192
William II of Agen, 42n61, 97n29
William of Beaujeu, 164
William of Jerusalem, 231n6, 232n14
William of Nangis, 81
William of Tripoli, 204
William of Tyre, 80n28
wills: authenticity of, 176; Edward I (England), 61n20, 176, 184–88; Érard of Vallery, 78, 79, 79n26; format required for, 176; French language for recording of, 176; Hugh (earl of Stafford), 234, 234n25; Hugh de Neville, 61n20, 176–83, 234–35; Robert II of Burgundy, 91n1, 109n12. See also Account-Inventory; bequests