Illustrations
Figures
1. Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1, Rolls A–D in order of size.
2. Detail, Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1 Roll C (verso/dorsal).
3. Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1, Rolls A–D as stored together.
4. Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1, Roll A, held in the hand for scale.
5. Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1, Roll A, held in the hand.
6. Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1, Roll A with stitching visible.
7. Paris, AN, series J 821, no. 1, Roll B (recto) unrolled showing full text.
8.1 and 8.2. France, gros tournois, silver coin equivalent to roughly 12 deniers tournois, or 1 sous tournois, reign of Louis IX, (1226–1270), issued after 1265. Linked visually with the coinage of the East. See below, 11, which also shows concentric circles of text. Princeton University Numismatic Collection, France 321, Laf. 198c. Obverse and reverse.
9.1 and 9.2. Coin, France, denier tournois, silver penny of Tours, later reign of Louis IX, 1266–70. Princeton University Numismatic Collection, France 846, Laf. 201. Obverse and reverse.
10.1 and 10.2. Jerusalem, silver denier of Damietta, John of Brienne, 1210–25. Princeton University Numismatic Collection MPS.43.748.5. Obverse and reverse.
11.1 and 11.2. Alexandria, gold dinar. Princeton University Numismatic Collection, Fl Fatimid 9195, al-Mustansi 1085, ACFC 1685. Obverse and reverse.
12.1 and 12.2. Crusader Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem, imitation gold dinar, ca. 1148/59–1187. An imitation of Egyptian dinars in the name of Caliph Al-Amir. Princeton University Numismatic Collection. Obverse and reverse.
13.1 and 13.2. Seals of Eudes of Nevers (Eudes de Bourgogne), Paris, AN, J 256, no. 56 (1255), and Dijon, AD CdO Ad 21. B 304—ps 428 (1265).
14. Seal of Érard of Vallery, Paris, AN, J 208, no. 13 (1276).
15. Illumination of King Arthur and his retinue. Robert de Boron, Romans arthuriens, France (possibly St.-Omer or region of Thérouanne), ca. 1270–90. Paris, BnF, MS fr. 95, fol. 345v.
16. From Genesis 42–48, showing Joseph’s reception of his brothers with a feast and baggage train on the move. New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, MS M.638, fol. 6v. Old Testament miniatures, Paris, France, ca. 1244–54. The Morgan Library & Museum. Purchased by J. P. Morgan (1867–1943) in 1916.
17. Ring with small sapphire, England, 14th century. Gilded silver, sapphire; diameter: 2.9 cm (1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1950.383.
18. Ring Brooch, German, ca. 1340–49, Middle Rhineland, Germany. Gold, spinels, and sapphires and rubies (2.2 x 0.5 cm). New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters Collection, 2006.257.
19.1, 19.2, and 19.3. Silk Robe made of “Tartar cloth of gold,” 13th century, Central Asia. Silk, woven; 142 cm. Aga Khan Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada. AKM816.
20. Cloth of gold with winged lions and griffins, ca. 1225–75, Central Asia. Silk and gold thread: lampas; 124 x 48.8 cm. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1989.50.
21. Illumination of Saint Martin. From Images de la vie du Christ et des saints. France, ca. 1250–1300. Paris, BnF, MS NAF 16251, fol. 89r.
22. A hunter and a beaver, from a bestiary. Unknown illuminator, possibly made in Thérouanne, northern France, ca. 1270. Tempera colors, gold leaf, ink on parchment; 7 ½ x 5 5/8 in. Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, MS Lugwig XV 3 83.MR.173, fol. 83r.
23. Coral Tree with serpent’s tongues hanging. Germany before 1562. Gold, silver-gilt, coral, fossilized shark teeth. Vienna, Treasury and Museum of the Teutonic Order, inv. no. K-037.
24. Illumination of Abraham and Melchisedek (Genesis 14:18–20). From Psautier dit de Saint Louis, France, ca. 1270–74. Paris, BnF, MS lat. 10525, fol. 106r.
25. Coffret of the Blessed John of Montmirail or the Longpont Coffret, Limoges, ca. 1270 (or 1242?). Copper, engraved, stippled, and gilt champlevé enamel; 15 x 78.7 x 17.5 cm. Treasury of the Abbey of Longpont (Aisne), France.
26. Illumination of knights setting up tents outside of Camelot. Robert de Boron, Romans arthuriens, France (possibly St.-Omer or region of Thérouanne), ca. 1270–90. Paris, BnF, MS fr. 95, fol. 324v.
27.1 and 27.2. Silver-gilt drinking cup, possibly northern France, near Amiens/Coucy, ca. 1190–1219, profile and interior. Syria National Museum, Damascus (Inv. Nr. 29313/14).
28. Reliquary Cross, ca. 1180, Limoges France, possibly from the Abbey of Grandmont. Silver gilt, rock crystal, glass cabochons, wood core. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters Collection, 2002.18.
29. Pyx, ca. 1250. France, Limousin, Limoges. Gilded copper, champlevé enamel. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1952.328.
30. Illumination bottom margin, Mon Seigneur Jehan de Lens playing chess with his friend. Psalter, Amiens, France, ca. 1280–90. Paris, BnF, MS lat. 10435, fol. 61r.
31. Rutebeuf, “La complainte dou conte Hue de Nevers,” Paris, BnF, MS fr. 1635, fol. 42r. France, possibly Champagne or Burgundy, ca. 1201–1300.
32. Illumination of the Siege of Acre from Rutebeuf, “Li complainte daccre” (“La nouvele complainte doutremeir”). Brussels, KBR, MS 9411–9426, fol. 34r.