INDEX
Abbott, Berenice, 21–22, 179–183
Abraham (biblical figure), 97
activism. See anti-fascism; anti-racism; feminism; labor; leftist politics; radicalism; student activism
Ahmed, Sara, 28
Aiken, Conrad, 206
Albee, Edward, 247
Albert Memorial, 65
anarchism, 103n1, 105, 128–129, 136
Andersen, Hans Christian, 272
anti-communism, 1–4, 8, 20, 33n7, 35, 172–174, 244n6. See also HUAC
anti-fascism, 1–2, 4, 7–8, 10, 15–17, 25, 134n2
anti-imperialism, 4, 7, 11, 31n4, 111
anti-left hysteria, 2, 16, 106n7
anti-racism, 4, 10, 17, 24–25, 198n46. See also civil disobedience; racism and racial justice
anti-war activism, 10–12, 16–17, 167–171, 271n10, 285, 305n2. See also peace
Arlen, Harold, 200n53
Armstrong, Louis, 196n39, 197n42, 199
Auden, W. H., 65n16, 88n26, 95, 95n13, 208
audience: size of, 94–95; women as, 234–235
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 194–195
Bagnold, Enid, 225
Bahá’í Temple, 65
Baraka, Amiri (LeRoi Jones), 25
Bates, Ruby, 113n1, 123, 125. See also Scottsboro Boys case
Beardsley, Aubrey, 252n2
Beauvoir, Simone de, 15
Behn, Aphra, 306
belief: communication and, 74–75; poetry and, 67–76, 81–83, 89
Bellow, Saul, 291n2
Beowulf (epic poem), 235n10
Berkinow, Louise, 27–28, 304n1, 305
Bible, 65, 97, 244, 264, 305; Old Testament, 234, 237
Birth of a Nation, The (1915), 62
bisexual poet-activists, 27. See also queerness
Bishop, Elizabeth, 9, 236, 247–248, 306
Black aesthetic forms, 24–25, 195–200
Boas, Franz, 5, 17, 115n4, 272
Bodenheim, Maxwell, 245
Bogan, Louise, 236
Bollingen Prize, 1, 3–4, 6–7, 9, 24, 197n41
Bousquet, Alain, 269
Bradford, Perry, 196n37
Bradstreet, Anne, 240
Braque, Georges, 183
Brodsky, Joseph, 124. See also International Labor Defense; Scottsboro Boys case
Brooks, Van Wyck, 50n20
Brown, John, 51, 73, 88, 90–91
Brown, Minnijean, 18–19, 159–166. See also Little Rock Nine
Brown, Sterling, 25
Browne, Thomas, 278
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 252n2
Browning, Robert, 252n2
Bruno, Giordano, 261
Bryant, William Cullen, 185n3
Buddhism, 275
Burton, Lady Isabel, 298
Butler, Samuel, 244n10
Byron, Lord, 298
California Labor School, 1, 13, 15
Cameron, Angus, 4n11
Carossa, Hans, 51–54, 73–74, 76, 90–91
censorship, 3–4, 84, 180, 183, 216
Cézanne, Paul, 274n21
Chambers, Whittaker, 174
Charles I, King, 46
Chase, Stuart, 65n16
children, 224–228, 239, 260–262, 301–303. See also motherhood; pregnancy and birth
civil disobedience, 11–12, 277n1, 279, 284–285
civil rights, 161n5, 244n6. See also racism and racial justice
Clark, Eleanor, 9
Clark, Eunice, 9
classicism, 204–205, 219–223, 230
Cohen, Robert, 9
Cold War, 16, 172n2. See also anti-communism; HUAC
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 64, 83, 218, 235n8, 278, 280, 297
Collingwood, R. G., 256–257, 274
Columbia University, 13–15, 17
Comfort, Alex, 24
communication: belief and, 74–75; breakdown in, 92–93; ethics of, 60; fear of, 39–43, 51, 55; indirect, 45n10; poetry and, 14, 39–43, 51, 55, 57–64, 68, 74–75, 82, 90–100, 234–235
communism, 209–210. See also anti-communism
conscription law, 14, 44n7, 54
Con Spirito (literary magazine), 9
Contemporary Jewish Record (periodical), 8, 30–35
Copland, Aaron, 197n43
Coronet (magazine), 10
counterculture: American, 259n17, 262n25; literary, 244n7
Crane, Hart, 27, 65n16, 206, 208, 245, 258
Crane, Stephen, 203
Crosby, Bing, 199
Crosby, Harry, 245
Cullen, Countee, 115n4
Cummings, E. E., 92, 206, 249, 293
Curtis, Mark, 252
Czolgosz, Leon, 111
Daiches, David, 88n26
Daily Worker, The (newspaper), 26, 210
Day-Lewis, Cecil, 208
Deborah (biblical figure), 305
Decision (periodical), 219
de la Mare, Walter, 224
democracy, 3, 7–8, 21–25, 34, 59, 145n1
Deutsch, Babette, 236
Dewey, John, 70n6
Dickens, Charles, 224
Dickinson, Emily, 23–25, 42n4, 185n3, 186–195, 232, 238, 240–241, 275, 296, 298
Dies Committee, 8. See also HUAC; Red Scare
di Prima, Diane, 27
Discovery (literary magazine), 11
Dollard, John, 73n13
Douglass, Aaron, 115n4
Dovzhenko, Alexander, 63
Downing, Marjorie, 253
dream-singing, 76, 97. See also Ghost Dance movement
Duckworth, Elisabeth, 302
Du Von, Jay, 206n15
Eckford, Elizabeth, 160n2
education, 18–19, 159–166, 257
Einstein, Albert, 106n9
Eisenstein, Sergei, 63
Ekelöf, Gunnar, 267n1
Eliot, T. S., 3, 26–27, 63, 72–73, 75, 83, 95, 95n13, 203, 205, 209, 249–250, 252n2
Elizabeth, Queen, 306
Ellis, Havelock, 225
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 48, 65, 73–74, 83n12, 183, 190, 208–209, 278–280
emotion, 44, 146–147, 216, 256; poetry and, 42n3, 63–65, 72–73, 80, 186, 188, 227, 234, 256, 269, 306
Engdhal, J. Louis, 123. See also International Labor Defense; Scottsboro Boys case
epic poetry, 26–27, 208–210, 235n10, 271
Eshleman, Clayton, 274
experience, 2, 10–11, 27–28, 58–59, 70–71, 180–181, 224–226, 233–241, 254–268, 281–282, 293
fascism, 3, 24, 33–34, 150. See also Spanish Civil War
fear, 39–40; of communication, 39–43, 51, 55; of death, 108; of poetry, 39–56, 64, 82, 183, 185; uses of, 172–175; war and, 43–47
Fearing, Kenneth, 65n16, 87n23, 88n26, 215
Feinberg, Charles E., 277
feminism, 1–2, 4, 7, 10–12, 23
Fenichel, Otto, 260
Field, Sara Bard, 306
Flanagan, Hallie, 95n13
Fletcher, John Gould, 206
Flood, Charles Bracelen, 267
Forché, Carolyn, 18
Foreign Correspondent (1940), 61–64, 62n10
France, 54; Nazi occupation of, 15, 83n13. See also Maginot Line
Francis, Robert, 248
Franco, Francisco, 135n4, 175. See also Spanish Civil War
free speech movement, 9
Fromm, Erich, 260n18
Frost, Robert, 24–26, 81n10, 204, 211–215, 245
Fry, Varian, 206n15
Fuller, Hank, 113n1
Funaroff, Sol, 95n11
Garner, Isabella, 236
gender equity, 8–9, 11, 26–29. See also feminism; motherhood
Ghost Dance movement, 76n17
Gibbs, Willard, 5, 22, 173, 250
Gibran, Khalil, 241n25
Ginsberg, Allen, 242n1, 244n5, 244n7, 245
Glück, Robert, 19
Godden, Rumer, 272
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 278, 280
Goodman, Paul, 128n4
Goya, Francisco de, 146
Graham, Martha, 95n13
Grahn, Judy, 27
Graves, Morris, 243
Great Depression, 115n5, 125n8, 209n5
Gregory, Horace, 26–27, 65n16, 81n10, 95n11, 207n17, 208–210, 216n1
Grendel, 235
Guiteau, Charles, 111
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 263
Handy, W. C., 199
Harding, Walter, 277
Hariot, Thomas, 5, 181n3, 252n2, 280–281
Harlem Renaissance, 25
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 15, 50, 74–75
Hayes, Ellen, 105
Hays, Arthur Garfield, 105
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), 80–81, 203, 236n12, 306n10
Hemingway, Ernest, 86
Herbert, George, 236, 292, 293n10
Herring, Robert, 85nn15–16, 134n1
Hickerson, Harold, 106
Hiss, Alger, 174n9
Hoffstein, Samuel, 207
Holiday, Billie, 196n39, 198–199
“Hollywood 10” hearings, 1, 4n11
Holmes, John Haynes, 107
Holocaust, 272n13
Homer, 48
homosexuality. See queerness
Hoover, Herbert, 108n19, 115n5
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 253
Hoskins, Katherine, 306n10
Houdini, Harry, 247
Hound and Horn (literary magazine), 206
Houseman, John, 95n13
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee), 1, 4, 8, 173n6, 174n9
Hughes, Langston, 25
Hurston, Zora Neale, 17
illness, 9, 180, 278, 299, 301–302
imagination, 12, 14–15, 35, 39, 42, 44–49, 55–57, 74, 78–82, 88–89, 99, 173, 180–182, 213–214, 257–259, 285
imperialist war state, 11, 15, 111. See also war
indigenous peoples, 76
inequality, 20, 76. See also gender equity; racism and racial justice; social justice
influences, 6, 8, 27–28, 64n14, 70n6, 106, 206–207, 210n6, 232–241, 260n18. See also canon
International Labor Defense (ILD), 124, 126
Italy, 31, 135n4. See also fascism
Jackson, Andrew, 111
James, William, 266
Jarrell, Randall, 3
Jeffers, Robinson, 26, 79–80, 95, 203, 206, 209–211
Jewishness, 8, 30–35, 174, 262, 272; Yiddish, 272
Jim Crow. See segregation
Johns, Orrick, 245
Johns, Richard, 206n15
Johnson, Oakley, 9
Jolas, Eugene, 206n15
Jones, LeRoi. See Baraka, Amiri
Joyce, James, 83n14
juvenile courts, 12, 20, 156–157
Kafka, Franz, 27, 72, 97–98, 298–303
KDFC (radio station), 21, 23, 184n1
Keene, Donald, 235
Keene, Frances, 274
Keigwin, R. P., 272n11
Kelvin, Baron (William Thomson), 71
Kenner, Hugh, 4
Kenyon Review (journal), 223
Kierkegaard, Søren, 15, 45, 72, 73n12, 75, 97
Kim Vân Kièu (epic poem), 271
King, Carol Weiss, 124. See also International Labor Defense; Scottsboro Boys case
Kirstein, Lincoln, 206n15
Kohl, Herbert, 291
Korzybski, Alfred, 65n16
labor, 9–10, 295n18; organizers, 110n25, 111n29; strikes, 112, 136, 209n3
Laforgue, Jules, 205n11
Landor, Walter Savage, 274n17
languages, 268–269. See also translations
Laughlin, James, 24
Lavender Scare, 174n9. See also homophobia; Red Scare
Laws, Clarence, 160n3. See also NAACP
Lawton, John Howard, 105
Lead Belly, 196
Left, The (literary magazine), 206
leftist politics, 1–4, 10–12, 16, 106n10, 121n15, 210, 244n6. See also anti-fascism; anti-racism; anti-war activism; civil disobedience; communism; New Left; radicalism; Sacco-Vanzetti case
Lehman, Henriette de Saussure Blanding, 252
Leishman, J. B., 221
lesbian poet-activists, 27. See also queerness
Levertov, Denise, 11, 28, 167n1
Life and Letters To-day (periodical), 10, 17, 86–87, 127, 134n1
Life is Beautiful (1930), 61
Limón, Ada, 18
Lindbergh, Anne, 235
Lindsay, Vachel, 203
Little Rock Nine, 18–19, 159–166
Lomax, Alan, 196n38
Lorca, Federico García, 26, 229–231, 265n36
Lorde, Audre, 27
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 103
Lowell, Robert, 295
Luce, Henry, 86n21
lynching, 117, 120–121, 198n46
MacCracken, Henry, 13
MacDonald, Dwight, 3
MacLeish, Archibald, 26, 64, 95–96, 203–205
MacLeod, Norman, 207
MacNeice, Louis, 86
madness, 83–84, 93–94, 219, 230, 296–297. See also schizophrenia
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 78
Mailer, Norman, 19
Marletto, Charlotte, 27, 224–228
masculinity, 19, 81n10, 152–155
Masters, Edgar Lee, 203, 215, 244n9
Matthiessen, F. O., 83n12, 278
Mayer, Elizabeth, 53n27
McAllister, Claire, 236
McCarthy, Mary, 9
McCausland, Elizabeth, 22
McCullers, Carson, 224
Melville, Herman, 5, 15, 50, 65n16, 69–70, 74–76, 85, 99, 185
Mercer, Johnny, 200n53
Meredith, Ellis, 225n6
Merwin, W. S., 237
Miles, Josephine, 236
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 81n10, 105–106, 106n9, 108, 206, 245
Miriam (biblical figure), 305
Misch, Georg, 234
Mistral, Gabriela, 225
Montgomery, Olen. See Scottsboro Nine
Moore, Marianne, 27, 236, 246–251, 254n6, 306n10
morality, 159n1, 168n2, 180, 182–183, 244n10, 249n15
Morehouse, Marion, 293
Morgenstern, Christian, 273
Morton, Jelly Roll, 196n38, 199
motherhood, 1, 11, 20, 28, 31–32, 123–125, 128, 161–162, 167, 301–302. See also children; pregnancy and birth
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 194
Murasaki Shikibu (Lady Murasaki), 235
Murray, John, 298
Muses, 226, 228, 234–235, 238n19, 263
music, 184–185, 190, 192, 194, 232–233; blues, 24–25, 195–200; jazz, 195; of poetry, 256; translations and, 267–271
Myles, Eileen, 19
NAACP (organization), 160, 162
Nash, Ogden, 207
Nation, The (periodical), 28, 306n10
National Student League, 9, 118n8
Naumburg, Nancy, 21
Nazi Germany, 33–34, 52, 73, 135n4. See also World War II
Nelson, Maggie, 19
New Critics, 81n10
New Masses (magazine), 10
New Narrative, 19
New Republic (periodical), 306n10
New Statesman (periodical, U.K.), 11, 18
New Theatre (magazine), 10
New Theatre League (organization), 10, 95n11
Newton, Isaac, 59
New York City, 30, 152–158; juvenile courts, 12, 20; literary scenes, 12
New York Herald Tribune (newspaper), 10
New York Times (newspaper), 16, 104
Nguyên Du, 271n10
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 115n4
92nd Street YMHA/YWHA, 207n17, 229n1
nonviolence, 11–12, 108n19, 284–285. See also civil disobedience
Norris, Clarence. See Scottsboro Nine
Office of War Information (O. W. I.), 2, 12, 18, 64n13, 144–149, 145n1
Olson, Charles, 28
Olympics (1936), 134n2. See also People’s (Workers’) Olympiad
O’Neill, Eugene, 163
Oppenheim, James, 245
Oxford Book of English Verse, 47
Pagany (literary magazine), 206
Paley, Grace, 291n4
Parker, Charlie, 195n36
Parkhurst, Helen, 20
Patchen, Kenneth, 14
Patterson, Haywood, 113n1, 117, 124–125. See also Scottsboro Nine
Patterson, Janie, 123–124. See also Scottsboro Boys case
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, 70
Paxinou, Katina, 229n1
peace, 47, 150–151; poetry and, 77–89. See also anti-war activism
PEN American Center (organization), 169, 267n1, 274n18, 275n22, 303n25
People’s (Workers’) Olympiad, 10, 17, 85n15, 127, 130–137, 141–144
perception, 18, 98–99; visual, 180–181
Planned Parenthood (organization), 296. See also reproductive rights
Plath, Sylvia, 295
plays, 91–92, 94–95. See also theater
poetry: abstract, 273; aesthetics and poetics of, 26–27; American, 237–238; American, trends in modern, 203–207; anti-war activism and translation of, 271n10; belief and, 67–76, 81–83, 89; communication and, 14, 39–43, 51, 55, 57–64, 68, 74–75, 82, 90–100, 234–235; concrete, 273; confessional, 290–297; definitions of, 254; emotion and, 42n3, 63–65, 72–73, 80, 186, 188, 227, 234, 256, 269, 306; epic, 26–27, 208–210, 235n10, 271; fear of, 39–56, 64, 82, 183, 185; found language and, 250; immediacy in, 98; Japanese, 235; lyric, 197, 242–245; magazines, 206–207; modernist, 16; movements in, 81–83; music of, 256; New American Poetry, 28; pastoral, 280; peace and, 77–89; resistance and, 15; science and, 257; social, 79, 81n10, 87; social transformation and, 26–29; sonnets, 237; Thoreau and, 277–289; unverifiable facts and, 252–266; war and, 24, 77–89, 150–151; “where, in all this, is the place for poetry?,” 17, 20, 41–42, 45, 54, 56, 157; women’s, 232–241, 304–307; workshops on, 13–14
Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, 14, 215, 228
political repression, 1–2, 12. See also anti-communism
politics: aesthetics and, 1–29; contemporary sociopolitical climate, 12; postwar sociopolitical climate, 1–4. See also anti-fascism; anti-racism; anti-war activism; civil disobedience; communism; leftist politics; New Left; radicalism; Sacco-Vanzetti case
Popular Front, 27, 128n4, 131, 136, 139n16, 140n19, 142–144, 259n17
Porter, Katherine Anne, 56
Potter, Beatrix, 251
Pound, Ezra, 3–4, 6, 24, 65n16, 72, 80n8, 82n11, 170n7, 197n41, 203n2, 205, 259
Powell, Ozie. See Scottsboro Nine
Powell v. Alabama (1932), 124n5. See also Scottsboro Boys case
pregnancy and birth, 1–2, 19–20, 63, 112, 155–158, 224–228, 298. See also children; motherhood; reproductive rights
Price, Victoria, 113n1, 123, 125. See also Scottsboro Boys case
prison-industrial complex, 11–12
Project Nuremberg Obligation (organization), 171n8
prostitution. See sex work
queerness, 1, 5, 7, 23, 25, 27–28, 187–188, 190n20, 192n25, 196n40, 305
Rabassa, Gregory, 271n9
Rabelais, François, 225n5
racism and racial justice, 7, 9–11, 16–19, 24, 111–126, 145n2, 159–166. See also anti-racism; lynching
radicalism, 1–2, 5, 7–10, 12, 16–21, 105, 108. See also leftist politics; Sacco-Vanzetti case
radio programs, 21, 23–25, 184–200 Raine, Kathleen, 237, 306n10 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 280–282 Rank, Otto, 226, 239
Rankine, Claudia, 18
Ransom, John Crowe, 81n10 rape, 9, 114n2, 124, 126
Read, Herbert, 128n4 realism, 97–98, 182–183, 212, 264
Redfield, George, 206n15 Redress (organization), 168
Red Scare, 244n6. See also anti-communism
refugees, 12, 14–15, 35, 41, 44, 46, 52, 54–55, 87–88
Reich, Wilhelm, 260n18
religion, 35, 74–75, 223, 225. See also Jewishness
Replansky, Naomi, 236
reproductive rights, 20, 296n21, 298. See also pregnancy and birth
revolution, 63, 105, 129, 137–138. See also Spanish Civil War
revolutionary poetics, 25, 27, 208–210
Rexroth, Kenneth, 27, 128n4, 241–245
rhyme, 19, 48, 166, 185, 196, 238, 247, 253; repeating, 65–66
rhythms, 75, 204, 255–256, 266, 280
Rich, Adrienne, 27
Richards, I. A., 65n16
Ridge, Lola, 106n9
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 26, 71, 220–223, 272–273
Roberson, Willie. See Scottsboro Nine
Robeson, Paul, 196n39
Robinson, Edwin Arlington, 204, 215, 244n9
Roe v. Wade (1973). See reproductive rights
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 92n5
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 16, 172, 174–175
Rosenthal, M. L., 251
Rossetti, Christina, 305
Roth, Henry, 224
Roth, Philip, 293n10
Rukeyser, Muriel: children’s books, 5; criticism on, 6; Jewishness, 8, 30–35; journalism, 7, 16–21; motherhood, 1; photo-essays, 21–22; political activism, arrests for, 118–121, 167–170; as public intellectual, 26; queerness, 1, 5; radical politics, 1–2, 5, 7–10, 12, 16–21
—BIOGRAPHIES: One Life, 5
—PAINTINGS: The Four Fears, 28
—PLAYS: Arabian Nights, 64n14; Houdini: A Musical, 5; The Middle of the Air, 1, 95n13, 199n48, 235n11; The Traces of Thomas Hariot, 5, 257n10; Willard Gibbs, 5, 71n8, 90n1, 173
—POETRY, 2–7, 13; “Ajanta,” 250n21, 306; “Akiba,” 31n4; “Ann Burlak,” 304n1, 306; “Are You Born?,” 259n15; The Book of the Dead, 5, 9, 21, 27; “Easter Eve, 1945,” 2; Elegies, 5, 5n13; “Elegy in Joy,” 2; “Eyes of Night-Time,” 2; “From ‘To the Unborn Child,’” 53n27; “Gibbs,” 250n21; The Green Wave, 1–3, 5, 197n41; “Ives,” 250n21; “Käthe Kollwitz,” 28, 304n1; “Leg in a Plastic Cast,” 66n19; “Letter to the Front,” 69n3, 145n1, 262n23; “M-Day’s Child,” 262n22; “The Minotaur”, 66n19; “Nine Poems for the Unborn Child,” 2; Selected Poems, 5n13, 10; “Song,” 259n15; Theory of Flight, 13, 168; A Turning Wind, 13; U.S. 1, 13, 269; “Waterlily Fire,” 155n2; “Water Night,” 2; “The Writer,” 276
—PROSE, 3–29; “Barcelona, 1936,” 17, 134–144; “Barcelona on the Barricades,” 17, 127–133; “The Classic Ground,” 27, 216–219; “The Club” (story), 19n44; “A Crystal for the Metaphysical”, 27, 246–251; “The Flown Arrow,” 16, 103–112; “From Scottsboro to Decatur,” 17, 113–122; “Glitter and Wounds, Several Wildnesses,” 27, 290–297; “In a Speaking Voice,” 26, 211–215; “The Killing of the Children,” 16, 20, 167–171; The Life of Poetry, 5, 13–15, 23, 185n4; “The Life to Which I Belong”, 27, 298–303; “Little” (story), 19n44; “Long Step Ahead Taken by Gregory in New Epic Poem,” 208–210; “A Lorca Evening”, 26, 229–231; “Lyrical ‘Rage,’” 27, 242–245; “Many Keys,” 28, 232–241, 306n10; “Modern Trends: American Poetry,” 26, 203–207; “The Music of Translation”, 26, 267–276; “Nearer to the Well-Spring,” 26, 220–223; “Opening Convocation” (lecture), 252n2; The Orgy (memoir), 5; “A Pane of Glass” (story), 19–20, 152–158; “Poetry and the People” (lectures), 13–14; “Poetry and the Unverifiable Fact” (lecture), 26, 252–266; Savage Coast (novel), 5, 10, 20n48, 157n3; “She Came to Us,” 18–19, 159–166; “A Simple Theme”, 27, 224–228; “So Easy to See,” 21–22, 179–183; Sunday at Nine (radio broadcasts), 21, 23–25, 184–200; “Thoreau and Poetry,” 26, 277–289; The Usable Truth (lectures), 1–3, 13–16, 26, 29, 39–100; “Belief and Poetry” (lecture), 67–76; “Communication and Poetry” (lecture), 14, 90–100; “The Fear of Poetry” (lecture), 14, 39–56, 96n15; “Poetry and Peace” (lecture), 77–89; “The Speed of the Image” (lecture), 57–66; “The Uses of Fear”, 16, 172–175; “War and Poetry,” 18, 150–151; “We Came for Games” (story), 6n15, 17n39, 19n44; “We Came for Games” (story cycle), 19n44; “Women and Scottsboro,” 17, 123–126; “Women of Words: A Preface,” 27, 304–307; “Words and Images,” 18, 145–149
Sacco, Nicola. See Sacco-Vanzetti case
Sacco-Vanzetti case, 16, 103–112, 125
Sagarin, Edward, 113n1
Sandburg, Charles, 81n10, 204, 294
Sarton, May, 236
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 15
Saturday Review of Literature (periodical), 13, 245, 251
schizophrenia, 83n14
science, 21–22, 49, 70–71, 181n3, 182, 257, 281
Scottsboro Boys case, 9–10, 17, 111–126
Scottsboro Nine, 17, 112n33, 113n1, 125n8
Scripps College, 252nn1–2, 257n9
seeing. See sight
Seferis, George, 24
segregation, 17–19, 117, 159–166
sexuality, 4, 230–231, 292–297, 304.
See also queerness
sex work, 32, 114n2, 124–126, 197n42
Shakespeare, William, 91, 94–95, 166n20, 263
Sharif, Solmaz, 18
Shaw, George Bernard, 106n9
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 45
Sherwood, Robert, 173
silence, 92; Dickinson and, 190, 192; Sacco-Vanzetti case and, 105
Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 272, 275–276
Sitwell, Edith, 225
Smith, Mamie, 196n37
Snow, C. P., 257n11
social justice, 8, 11–12, 21, 76. See also anti-racism; feminism; leftist politics
social transformation, 18
Sontag, Susan, 18
Southern Agrarians, 81n10, 205n12
Spanish Civil War, 1, 10, 13, 17, 41, 85n15, 95n10, 127–144, 141n21, 157n3
Stein, Gertrude, 66, 96n13, 238
Stern, James, 302
Stettheimer, Florine, 96n13
Stevens, Wallace, 79–80, 206, 251
Stoppard, Tom, 263n28
strikes. See labor
student activism, 9–10, 113–122
Student Review (periodical), 9, 17, 118n8
Supersight photography (Abbott), 22, 181nn1–2
surrealists, 63
Suzuki, D. T., 275
Swenson, May, 236
Taggard, Genevieve, 81n10, 225, 245
Tarkington, Booth, 224
Teasdale, Sara, 245
Tennyson, Alfred, 64
theater, 12, 91–92, 94–95, 206n14, 247n3, 263n28; Greek theater, 230. See also plays
Thomson, Virgil, 96n13
Thoreau, Henry David, 11, 83n12, 277–289
Tiempo, El (newspaper, Mexico), 146–147
Tin Pan Alley, 197
Tischter, Ernest, 20n48, 157n3
Toller, Ernst, 95n13
Townshend, Petrie, 134n1
tradition, 45–46, 74–75, 77–78, 96–97, 99–100
transition (literary magazine), 206
Trent, Lucia, 109
troubadours, in Provence, 24, 197
truth, 281–282, 290; Dickinson and, 187; reality and, 179, 183; usable, 50–51, 74–76, 85, 99–100
Twain, Mark, 224
Untermeyer, Louis, 13, 214, 249–250, 254, 305
Vallejo, César, 274
van Paassen, Pierre, 33
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo. See Sacco-Vanzetti case
Vassar College, 9, 13–14, 203n1
Vassar Miscellany News (newspaper), 9, 26, 207
Vaughan, Henry, 236
Vietnam conflict, 11, 16–17, 167–171, 259n16, 268n2, 277n1, 285, 295n18
violence, 12, 91, 99, 110, 230; nonviolence and, 261, 284–285. See also lynching
visual arts, 180–182; war posters, 145–149. See also films; photography
Walker, Alice, 27
Walker, Margaret, 236
war, 17–18; air raids, 78n3, 96, 155; fear and, 43–47; poetry and, 24, 77–89, 150–151; powerlessness and, 259. See also Spanish Civil War; Vietnam conflict; World War I; World War II
waste, 28, 47, 79, 237–238, 304
Weems, Charley. See Scottsboro Nine
Welch, Marie de Laveaga, 225, 236, 240, 285, 306
Wells, H. G., 106n9
Wheelwright, John (Jack), 245
White, Josh, 25, 198–199, 199nn48–49
Whitehead, Alfred North, 70n6
white supremacy, 11, 19, 73n13. See also racism and racial justice
Whitman, Walt, 47, 50, 238, 240, 278
wildness, 69, 229, 278–280, 288–297
Williams, Clarence, 196n38
Williams, Eugene. See Scottsboro Nine
Williams, Tennessee, 247
Williams, William Carlos, 3, 65n16, 206, 207n17, 224, 251, 259
Willkie, Wendell, 5, 64n14, 93n5
Wilson, Woodrow, 111
Wolfe, Thomas, 224
Wolfert, Helen, 236
Wolff, Helen, 303
Wolff, Kurt, 303
Woman Alone, The (1936), 61
women: as artists, 226; greatness and, 67; marginalization of women writers, 28; poets, 232–241, 304–307; Scottsboro case and, 123–126
women’s colleges, 253. See also Scripps College; Vassar College
Wordsworth, Dorothy, 217n3, 218–219
Wordsworth, William, 64, 83, 297
Works Progress Administration, 22, 95n13
World of Translation, The (1971), 276
World Split Open, The (Berkinow, ed.), 27–28, 304–307, 304n1
World War I, 79, 150, 209n5, 301
World War II, 14–15, 43–47, 52–54, 83–87; air raids, 78n3; Moore and, 248n12, 249n15; US neutrality in, 100n24, 235n11; US propaganda posters, 145–149
Wovoka (Jack Wilson), 76n17. See also Ghost Dance movement
Wright, Ada, 123–124. See also Scottsboro Boys case
Wright, Andy. See Scottsboro Nine
Wright, C. D., 18
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 238
Wright, Roy. See Scottsboro Nine
Writers and Teachers Collaborative, 291
Wulf und Eadwacer (epic poem), 235
Wylie, Elinor, 81n10, 206, 245, 293