INDEX

Abashiri Prison, 81
Abe Shintarō, 237, 320n73
Abe Shinzō, 251–252, 255, 320n73
Adachi Hatazō, 59
Aichi Prefecture, 248, 249
air raids, 50, 53–54; US, 36, 47, 68, 94–95, 100, 120
Akahata. See Red Flag
Akita Prefecture. See Hanaoka Mine incident
Akita Prison, 84
Akiyama Masahiro, 237
Alexievich, Svetlana, 8
Algeria, 19, 256. See also France
Allied Council of Japan, 64
amnesty, 18, 92, 152, 171, 217; by the PRC, 181–182, 213–214, 315n59
Amō Eiji, 122
Anami Korechika, 59
anchors, 8, 10–13, 15. See also Dingyuan warship; Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95; Weihaiwei; Zhenyuan warship
Anshan, 195
Aoki Tokuzō, 71, 285n47
apology, 133, 163, 239, 243, 255; Japanese reluctance, 4, 68, 197
Arai Toshio, 160, 164
The Argument for Japan’s Innocence: Judging the Truth, 172
Arima Torao, 155
Asahi Newspaper, 11, 125, 160, 200, 221–222; atomic bomb, 59; debate on postwar constitution, 237–239; great amnesty, 92; trials, 164, 183; war criminals, 72, 86, 88, 181, 251, 304n100
Asanuma Inejirō, 196
Ashida Hitoshi, 66
Asian Conference on the Relaxation of International Tension, 189
Asian People’s Anti-Communist League, 91
assassinations, 84, 88, 114, 126, 323n45
atomic bomb, 38, 44, 59, 66, 96, 105, 255. See also hydrogen bomb
Attlee, Clement, 82
Australia, 54, 58, 245; Manus Island Prison, 171; Rabaul, 49–52, 59, 111–112, 245, 281n40, 282n50; trials, 16, 30–32, 37, 46, 59, 109, 281n49

Baba Tsunego, 73
bacteriological weapons, 16, 137. See also biological warfare
Bai Buzhou, 299n20
Bai Chongxi, 100, 126
Baldwin, James, 259
Ball, Macmahon, 64
Bandung Conference, 148, 189
Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 232
Bataan Death March, 68
Beijing radio, 175
Beijing University (Peking University), 160, 236
Beituan Village, 4, 23–24, 156–160, 165, 240–241; interviews, 2, 156, 272n2
Between God and Man, 250
bilateral loans, 223
bilateral relations, 20, 56, 136, 151, 189, 252, 258
biological warfare, 30, 166. See also bacteriological weapons
Black Dragon Society, 122
Borneo, 109–110
Boxer Rebellion, 223
brainwashing, 165, 242, 304n100. See also Robert Guillain
Bridge House, 129
Britain. See United Kingdom
British Empire, 16
British Foreign Office, 124, 129, 195, 309n10
Brushing Away Dust from the Mirror of History, 202
Burma, 16, 171, 274n39
Buruma, Ian, 38

Cambodia, 37, 239, 255
Cambridge University, 43
Canadian Legation, 64
cannibalism, 76
Canton, 29. See also Guangdong Province
censorship, 1, 62, 133, 188, 205, 217, 228
Center for the Tokyo Trial Studies, 133, 258
century of humiliation. See humiliation
Chahar Province, 209, 314n16
Changchun, 99, 195, 211, 215; People’s Court, 211
Changi Prison, Singapore, 112
Chaoyang University, 142
chemical weapons, 30, 251. See also poison gas
Chen Cheng, 99
Chen Kwok Leong, 51
Chen Shuliang, 301n46
Chen Yi, 105–106, 215
Chernobyl, 8
Chiang Ching-kuo, 218
Chiang Kai-shek, 99–100, 218; vs. communists, 26, 117, 202, 207–208, 212–214; vs. Japan, 42, 45–46, 125, 151, 181, 183, 273n23; Taiwan, 57, 91, 106, 108, 218, 221, 244–246
China Daily newspaper, 208
China’s Auschwitz: A True Record of the Japanese and the Taiyuan Detention Camp, 132
China Youth Daily, 256
Chinese Criminal Law, 193
Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall, 7
Chinese People’s Foreign Affairs Study Association, 196
Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, 141, 231
Chinese People’s Volunteers Army (CPV), 116–118
Chinese Red Cross. See Red Cross
Chongqing, 43, 61, 99, 209–210, 214, 246; UNWCC subcommittee, 28, 124
Chongryun. See Sōren
Chōren (League of Korean Residents in Japan), 83–84
Chūkiren. See Liaison Group of Returnees from China
CIA, 90, 123
Cihu Memorial Sculpture Park, 245–246
City of Sadness, 203
Classes B and C war criminals, 15, 37
Clausewitz, Carl von, 101
Cohen, Jerome, 202
Cold War, 30, 37–40, 173, 186, 201
collaborators, 17, 42, 98–99, 115, 134, 161
colonialism, 38, 65–66; Japanese, 56, 106, 109, 245
Columbia University, 174
comfort women, 128, 165, 252
Cominform, 88, 178
Committee on Judicial Affairs, 172
Community of Resident South Koreans in Japan (Mindan), 85
coolies, 50
Council for Dealing with the End of the War, 67, 70
crimes against humanity, 15, 152
crimes against peace, 15, 20, 121, 123–125
criminal accountability, 14
Crown Prince. See Hirohito
cultural heritage, 132, 248
Cultural Revolution, 133, 167, 217, 222; chaos of, 225–226, 228–229; transition from, 222, 225, 229, 231–233, 235

Dai Li, 214
Dalian, 137, 185
Danshui (Tamsui), 104, 108
decolonization, 37–38, 40, 61, 104, 148
de-imperialization, 55, 61, 113
democracy, 72, 85, 88, 105, 203–204, 226, 245
Democracy Wall, 226
democratization, 21, 36, 61, 87, 93, 114
demonstrations, 121, 175
Deng Liqun, 233
Deng Xiaoping, 226, 228, 230–231, 233–234
Denning, Esler, 194
Derevyanko, Kuzma Nikolaevich, 74
diaries, 35, 47, 93, 131, 160, 191; Japanese soldiers’, 2, 69, 76, 165; Vyshinsky’s, 137
Dingyuan warship, 8–9, 13. See also Zhenyuan warship; Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95
Doihara Kenji, 125
Dong Biwu, 140, 144–145, 148
Dong Yisan, 208
Doolittle Raid, 68, 120
Duan Kewen, 211
Duan Ruicong, 77
Dumas, Alexandre, 181
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), 16, 39, 105, 282n50. See also the Netherlands
Du Yuming, 152, 212, 214–215

East Germany, 201
Eckert, Carter, 56
Edwards, Jack, 109–110, 293n62
Egypt, 195
Eighth Route Army, 60, 86, 157–158, 162–163, 165, 210
Eisenhower, Dwight, 177
Emmerson, John, 81–82. See also Fuchū Prison
emperor. See Hirohito
Endō Saburō, 190–191, 193–195
England. See United Kingdom
espionage, 122, 147, 194, 210, 218, 318n32; KMT, 214; Richard Sorge, 89–90, 180
extraterritoriality, 26–27, 29, 137. See also Ju Zheng

famine, 235. See also starvation
Fan Yuanyan, 218
fascism, 30, 89, 117, 158, 163, 200, 228
FBI, 219
February 28 Incident, 13, 100, 106–108, 114, 148, 202–203, 245. See also George Kerr; Shibuya Incident; Jeju Incident
Fei Xiaotong, 230. See also Gang of Four Trial
Feng Jingyu, 155
First National People’s Congress, 148, 153, 205
forced labor, 47–50, 167, 189, 196, 204. See also Rabaul
Formosa, 106, 201–202, 281n45
Formosans, 50–51, 108
Fort Hunt, 69, 285n37
France, 11, 16–17, 34, 37, 60, 200, 256. See also Algeria; Saigon
freedom of speech, 66, 108
Fuchū Prison, 79, 81, 84. See also Kim Ch’on-hae; Robert Guillain; Shiga Yoshio; Tokuda Kyūichi
Fudan University, 147
Fujita Shigeru, 155, 207, 303n88. See also Fushun: Prison
Fujiwara Akira, 94, 164, 166, 234
Fukuda Kumajirō, 185
Fukushima, 86, 251
Funabashi Yōichi, 251
Furumi Tadayuki, 206
Furuya Keiji, 259
Fuse Tatsuji, 82
Fushun, 118, 149, 153, 215, 240, 310n25, 321; Prison, 144, 164, 167, 189, 195, 210–217, 311n33; War Criminals Management Center, 144, 167, 209–213, 241–243. See also Fujita Shigeru; Hou Jiahua; Jin Yuan; Pu Yi; Zhao Yuying

Gang of Four Trial, 103, 148, 225, 228–232. See also Fei Xiaotong; Henry Qiu
Gao Wenbin, 128–129, 279n16
Gates, Thomas, 225
Gayn, Mark, 70
Geneva Conference, 37
Geneva Convention, 61
genocide, 14–15, 160
Germany, 11, 15, 200–201; Nazi, 17, 67, 255–256
global justice, 235
Gongdelin Prison, 208–210, 212
Goodhart, Arthur Lehman, 43
Gordon, Beate Sirota, 89
Gorman, Amanda, 255–256
Great Amnesty, 92
Great Britain, 16, 60, 82. See also United Kingdom
Great Leap Forward, 215, 235
Greene, Felix, 214. See also Bernard Montgomery
Greene, Graham, 214
Guangdong Province, 43, 111, 157. See also Canton
Guangming Daily, 227
Guantanamo, 220, 316n71
The Guardian newspaper, 133
Guillain, Robert, 79, 81, 286n4. See also Fuchū Prison; brainwashing
Guo Moruo, 187, 194; and Iwanami Shigeo, 56

Hakamada Satomi, 188
Hamilton, William, 30
Hanaoka Mine incident, 49, 102
Hanayama Shinshō, 121, 124–125
Hangzhou, 96
hanjian (traitor), 16, 43
Hao Shaoan, 206
Harbin, 241, 246–247
Harvard University, 43–44, 56
Hata Ikuhiko, 165
Hatoyama Ichirō, 148, 181
Hayashi Itsurō, 248
Hayashi Miki, 109
Hayes, Eric, 61, 283n11
Hebei Province, 2, 177, 209, 314n16
Heilongjiang Province, 251
heroes: Chinese, 117–118, 219, 236, 243, 247; Japanese, 63, 90, 248, 310n27
He Yingqin, 43, 100, 302n58
Hibiya Park, Tokyo, 85, 87
Higashikuni Naruhiko, 35, 66–68, 71, 78, 87, 190
Higuchi Jinichi, 280n34
Hino Ashihei, 189
Hirano Ryūji, 116
Hirano Yoshitarō, 175
Hirohito, Emperor, 35, 58–59, 67, 84, 92–93, 273n23
Hiroshima, 38, 55, 59, 123, 189–190
Hirota Akira, trial of, 51
historical memory, 13, 236, 256
historical nihilism (lishi xuwuzhuyi), 235
historical resolution, 233, 320n61
Hitler youth, 202
Hoashi Kei, 141, 174–175
Ho Chi Minh, 123
Hohhot, 214
Hokkaido, 80, 196
Holland. See the Netherlands
Hollond, Henry Arthur, 43
Holocaust, 28, 132, 160
Honda Katsuichi, 128, 165
Honda Masakazu, 160
Hong Kong, 16, 175, 183, 217–218, 232; POW camps, 29, 171; trials, 31, 41, 109
Honma Masaharu, 68
Hosoda Hiromu, 51
Hou Hsiao-hsian, 203
Hou Jiahua, 241–242. See also Fushun: Prison
Hsia Ch’in, 43. See also Roscoe Pound
Hsueh Hua-yuan, 245
Hua Guofeng, 225–226
Huang Hua, 222
Huang Tiancai, 117
Huang Wei, 212–214
human rights, 105, 117, 219, 239
humiliation, national, 7–9, 11–13, 15, 26, 149
Hundred Flowers Campaign, 168
hundred-man killing contest, 21, 127, 129. See also Noda Tsuyoshi and Mukai Toshiaki
Hungarian uprising (1956), 210
Hu Qiaomu, 233
Hu Yaobang, 225, 228, 238
hydrogen bomb, 190. See also atomic bomb

Ichigō, 100
Ichikawa Iyū, 248
Ichimata Masao, 198–199
Ikeda Hayato, 198
Imamura Hitoshi, 51–52, 54, 282n50
imperialism, 38, 109, 144, 256; Japanese, 11–12, 84, 91, 163, 178, 234; US, 141–143, 180, 225
imperial navy, 11, 64–65, 92–93, 197
Inada Tomomi, 22
Inami Ninrei, 322n26
indemnity, 11, 223
Indochina, 16, 17, 37, 60, 115
Indonesia. See Dutch East Indies
industrialization, 38, 39, 137
Inner Mongolia, 133, 314n16
Inoue Masutarō, 193
Inoue Tadao, 198
intelligence services, 69, 89, 123, 134, 202, 219
Internationale (communist anthem), 79
International Military Tribunal (IMT), 14–15
interpreters, 102, 117, 136, 279n16. See also translators
Iron Curtain, 22
Isaacs, Harold, 34, 79, 81
Ishikiriyama Hideaki, 160
Ishiwara Kanji, 70
Isogai Rensuke, 190–191
Itagaki Seishirō, 198
Itō Ritsu, 88, 90, 141, 178–181, 187–189, 210, 226–228
Itō Toshiharu, 272n2
Iwanami Shigeo, 56
Iwata Chūzō, 67

Jackson, Henry, 247
Jackson, Robert, 63
Japan Association of War Bereaved Families (Izokukai), 198
Japan Conference. See Nippon Kaigi
Japanese Communist Party (JCP), 62, 64, 78–90, 178, 226–228; CCP, 86, 141, 180, 186–189, 227–228; Itō Ritsu, 90, 141, 178–181, 187–189, 210, 226–228, 289n58; John Emmerson, 81–82; Koreans/Chōren, 83–84, 288n43; Nosaka Sanzō, 81–82, 86–88, 178–181, 188; Red Flag newspaper, 85, 88, 178–179, 288n45; return of POWs, 89, 180; Soviet Union, 88, 91, 180; Tokuda Kyūichi, 80–82, 188; United States, 82, 86–87, 89–91, 113, 141, 178–179; war criminals, 82, 85–88, 173, 237, 250; Zhao Anbo, 180, 188, 307n32
Japanese militarism. See militarism
Japanese Socialist Party (JSP), 173, 181–182, 191, 196, 237
Japan Red Cross Society. See Red Cross
Japan’s Road to the Pacific War, 198
JCP. See Japanese Communist Party
Jeju Incident, 100, 112–116. See also Shibuya Incident; February 28 Incident
Jiang Hua, 232
Jiang Qing, 229, 230–232
Jiangsu Province, 119
Jia Qian, 149, 154, 205–207
Jin Luxian, 210
Jin Yuan, 209–213. See also Fushun: Prison
Johns Hopkins University, 174
Jōno Hiroshi, 144, 161, 195
Journey to China, 165
Joy, C. Turner, 117
JSP. See Japanese Socialist Party
Judicial Affairs Deliberation Office (Hōmu shinsashitsu), 75
Judicial Council (sifa yuan), 26
Ju Zheng, 26–27. See also extraterritoriality

Kajima Corporation, 47, 49
Kameda Tōgo, 181–182
kamikaze pilots, 94, 251
Kamisago Shōshichi, 104–105
Kanbayashiyama Eikichi, 191–192, 301n22
Kaneko Fumiko, 84
Kang Ze, 152, 208
Katayama Tetsu, 190, 193–195
Katō Rinpei, 52
Kawanishi Kinji, 155–156
Kaya Okinori, 33, 47, 198, 250
Kazami Akira, 190
Keelung City, 108
Keenan, Joseph, 45, 63–64
Keiō University, 81
Ke Jingxing, 110
kempeitai, 129, 134
Kerr, George, 106. See also February 28 Incident
Khabarovsk, 174; trial, 16, 31, 137
Khmer Rouge trials, 255
Khrushchev, Nikita, 149–150
Kiangwan (Jiangwan), 119–120
Kido Kōichi, 67–68
Kim Ch’on-hae, 80–81, 84. See also Fuchū Prison
Kim Il Sung, 97, 116
Kimura Tokutarō, 171–172
Kinkaseki (Jinguashi), 109–110, 293n62
Kinoshita Junji, 249–250
Kishi Nobusuke, 47, 122, 191–192, 195–198, 223–224
Kissinger, Henry, 222, 316n4
Kita Reikichi, 176
Kiyose Ichirō, 83
Koga, Yukiko, 20
Koiso Kuniaki, 248
Koje Island (Geoje), 116
kokutai (national polity), 70, 78
Komatsu Shinichi, 63, 76
Kōmeitō Party, 223
Kōmyō Temple, Yokohama, 250, 323n39
Konoe Fumimaro, 67
Kōra Tomi, 141, 174–176
Korean War, 138, 143, 178, 185, 211; Chinese view of, 150, 167; POW repatriation, 115–118, 217; start of, 116, 135, 178, 246
Koskenniemi, Martti, 18–19
Kōzen Temple, Yokohama, 248, 250
Kuboyama Crematorium, Yokohama, 248
Kuching detention camp, 109–110
Kuroki Shigenori, 86
Kuzuu Yoshihisa, 122
Kwantung Army, 6
Kyoto, 86, 175, 200

Labuan, 110
Lan Gongwu, 140
laogai (reform through labor) incarceration system, 204
Last Wills and Testaments of the Century, 111
Law of the Soviet State, 139
LDP. See Liberal Democratic Party
League of Korean Residents in Japan (Chōren), 83–84
Lee, Haiyan, 4
Lee Teng-hui, 244
legitimacy, 38, 46, 137, 147, 216–217, 233, 243–245; international, 28, 30, 41, 205, 214
Lei Hao, 208, 213
Lenin, V. I., 145, 235. See also Marxism
Liaison Group of Returnees from China (Chūgoku kikansha renrakukai, Chūkiren), 155, 164–167, 175, 212, 242, 302n65
Li An, 111
Lian Xisheng, 153, 158
Liao Chengzhi, 151, 176, 184, 189, 191, 195, 311n33
Liaodong Peninsula, 11, 183
Liaoning Province, 144, 152, 216
Liao Yaoxiang, 151
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), 22, 182, 191, 194, 252, 258
Liberal Party, 176
Liberation Daily, 26
Li Chuli, 180
Li Dequan, 173, 176, 183–184, 187
Li Dexiang, 158–159
Li Fang, 143, 150
Li Fushan, 299n20, 301n46
Li Jiajing, 131
Li Liang, 130–131
Lin Biao, 221, 228–229; Incident, 221
Lin Jiangshan, 111–112
Lin Jinlong, 111
Li Qingxiang, 2–4, 156, 240
Listen to the Voices of the Sea, 200
Little Red Book, Mao’s, 222
Liu Binyan, 215
Liu Jie, 257
Liu Jisheng, 279n16
Liu Lianren, 196
Liu Linsheng, 132–133, 241, 279n16, 298n41
Liu Ningyi, 190
Liu Shaoqi, 188, 222
Liu Tong, 133–134, 164
Liu Wei Pao, 50
Liu Zijian, 279n16
live target practice, 162–163
Li Weixun, 50
Li Yechu, 129–133
Li Yuqin, 215
Li Zhiqun, 129–131
London, 28, 43, 45, 123, 194, 248
London School of Economics, 81
looting, 43, 52, 106–107
Lord Wright. See Wright, Robert
Luku Incident, 108
Luo Ruiqing, 151, 215
Lu Xinfang, 50

MacArthur, Douglas, 74, 92, 103, 121, 239; and Charles Willoughby, 82, 89–90; Chinese criticism of, 122, 137–138, 296n10
Mainichi Newspaper, 22, 70
Mainland Problems magazine, 185
Malaya, 112
Malaysia, 110
Manchester Guardian, 35
Manchukuo, 6, 56, 116, 174; KMT and, 46, 98–100, 107, 150; last emperor Pu Yi, 31, 151, 214, 241; POWs from, 137, 155, 192, 241; war criminals, 150–152, 206, 211
Manchuria, 97–98, 108, 116
Manchurian Incident, 70, 153
Manchurian Military Academy, 56
Manila, 111
Man in the Iron Mask, 181
Manus Island prison, 171
Maoism, 140, 222, 226, 230, 233–234
Marco Polo Bridge, 6–7
marriage law, China’s, 147, 154
Marshall Plan, 38
martial law: on Jeju Island, 114; in Taiwan, 13, 106, 201, 203
martyrs, 53, 90, 122, 235–236; Day, 236; monuments, 17, 236, 243–244, 248–249
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, 39, 140, 148, 234. See also Lenin
Matsui Iwane, 121, 172, 248–249
Matsukawa Incident, 88
Matsumoto Jiichirō, 182
Matsumura Giichi, 71–72, 285n50
Matsumura Kenzō, 223
Matsushima Tozaburō, 50
Matsushiro Underground Imperial Headquarters, 47
McCarthy hearings, 82
Meiji Restoration, 9, 35, 56–57, 63, 237
Mei Ruao, 26, 31–32, 44, 141–143, 149, 153; criticism of US, 122, 137
migration, 38, 60
Miki Kiyoshi, 82
militarism, Japanese, 70, 72, 86, 141, 163, 166, 225
military courts, 102, 124
Military Museum of the Chinese People’s Revolution, 12
Mindan (Community of Resident South Koreans in Japan), 85
Ministry of Defense archives, Japan, 160, 165
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan, 59, 63, 65, 75, 102, 194, 237; Diplomatic Archives, 317nn13–14; report on Chinese POWs, 48; war criminals, 65, 67, 74–75
“miscarriages of justice” (yuanjia cuoan), 225
Mitaka Incident, 88
Miyakoshi Kisuke, 174–175
Miyamoto Kenji, 188, 289n58
Miyazawa Kiichi, 237–239, 321n78
modernization, 9, 35, 56, 97, 147, 226, 231
MOFA. See Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Monaco, 173
Mongolia, 98, 136, 221; Inner, 133, 314n16
Mongol United Autonomous Government, 150
Monopoly Bureau, 106
Montgomery, Bernard, 214–215. See also Felix Greene
Monument to the People’s Heroes, 236
Morimatsu Toshio, 160
Moscow, 86, 136, 173–174, 180, 226. See also USSR
Mount Kōya, 251
Mount Sangane, 249
Mukai Toshiaki, 127–128. See also hundred-man killing contest
Mukden. See Shenyang
Murata Shōzō, 185–186
Museum of the Chinese People’s Revolution, 12
mustard gas, 237
Mu Xin, 227

Nabeyama Sadachika, 91
Nagasaki, 96, 105, 123; Incident, 9–10
Nakamura Kan’emon, 181–182
Nakamura Toyoichi, 74–75
Nakasone Yasuhiro, 35–36, 237–239, 321n78
Nan Hanchen, 174
Nanjing, 126, 129, 209, 273n23, 297n22; hundred-man killing contest, 21, 127, 129; Japan’s surrender, 61, 302n58; Number Two Archives, 133; POW camp, 50; Provisional Government, 46, 99; trials, 45, 126–128
Nanjing Massacre, 13, 127, 135, 249, 259; denial of, 252; evidence for, 40, 44–45; Memorial Museum, 12, 241
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 195
national polity (kokutai), 70, 78
National Press Club, 259
National Sichuan University, 147
Nazis, 89, 99, 123, 236; atrocities, 14–15, 42, 160, 258; comparison with Japan, 65, 67; in France, 17, 60, 255–256; war criminals, 14, 45, 201
Nemoto Ryūtarō, 194
Nenjiang camp, 216
the Netherlands, 16, 34. See also Dutch East Indies
New Korea Constructive Alliance, 85
Newsweek, 79, 81
New York Times, 149, 316n71
Nguyen, Viet Thanh, 19–20, 37
NHK, 48, 167, 272n2
Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), 22, 252, 275n58
Nippon Mining Company, 109
Nishii Kenichi, 181
Nishimatsu construction company, 47
Nishinomiya Sports Stadium, 11
Nishizawa Takaji, 180
Nixon, Richard, 218, 222, 223
Ni Zhengyu, 43–44. See also Roscoe Pound
Nobel Prize for Literature, 8
Noda Tsuyoshi, 127–128. See also hundred-man killing contest
Nomizo Masaru, 191
Norimura Kaneko, 59
Norman, E. H., 81
North Korea, 39, 60, 97–98, 116, 175
Nosaka Sanzō, 81–82, 86–88, 178–181, 188
Nuremberg, 14–15, 55, 124, 198–199, 230, 258; China’s view, 25, 256; lawyer for, 63; legal and political problems, 23; Principles, 14, 23

Oda Makoto, 94–95
Odamura Shirō, 250–251
Ōe Yoshiwaka, 160, 237
Ōhashi Takeo, 172, 306n8
Okada Tasuku, 198
Okamoto Masano, 96–97
Okamura Yasuji, 125
Okano Kiyohide, 176, 307n33
Okazaki Katsuo, 75
Okinawa, 58, 80, 224, 234
Okino Matao, 69
Okunoin Temple, 251
Olympics (Japan, 1964), 198
Operation Ichigō, 100
Opium Wars, 8
oral histories, 202, 240–241, 281n40
Osaka, 86, 94, 175
Overseas Development Aid (ODA), 223
Ōyama Ikuo, 181
Ozaki Hotsumi, 89–90

Pacific War, 11, 37, 72, 75
Pal, Radhabinod, 171–172, 199
Pan-Asianism, 224
Pan Zhenya, 301n46
Papua New Guinea, 49–50, 244–245
Park Chung-hee, 56, 114
Park Geun-hye, 252
Park Yeol, 84–85
patriotic education (China), 235, 257
Peace Preservation Law, 78, 87
Peace Protection Committee, 181
Pearl Harbor, 35, 59, 123
Peking University. See Beijing University
Peng Dehuai, 193
Peng Ming-min, 105, 202
Peng Yan, 193
Peng Zhen, 191
People’s Daily, 146, 189, 213, 228, 230; criticism of US decisions, 117, 137
People’s Liberation Army. See PLA
People’s Newspaper, 85, 89
Percival, Arthur, 61
Philippines, 16, 63, 68, 76, 105, 171, 285n34
Pingfang site, 246–247
Ping-Pong diplomacy, 223
PLA (People’s Liberation Army), 116–118, 155, 182, 212, 215, 218
plague in China, 166
poison gas, 3, 33, 156–160, 165–166, 212, 237, 305n106. See also chemical weapons
Port Arthur, 183
Pound, Roscoe, 43–44, 279n6. See also Hsia Ch’in; Ni Zhengyu
Pritchard, John, 110
Progressive Newspaper, 155
Protect the Nation Shrine (Gokoku jinja), 244
Pulitzer Prize, 19
puppet kingdom See Manchukuo
Pu Yi, last emperor, 31, 151, 214, 241. See also Fushun: Prison

Qincheng Prison, 226–227
Qin Dechun, 44
Qin Dynasty, 223
Qing Dynasty, 7–13, 26–27, 104, 106, 151, 223
Qinghai Province, 132, 133
Qinghua University, 214
Qiu, Henry (Qiu Shaoheng), 102–103, 231–232. See also Gang of Four Trial
Quan Deyuan, 157–158
Quan Weicai, 299n20
Quzhou Battle, 50

Rabaul, 49–52, 59, 111–112, 245, 281n40, 282n50. See also forced labor
Recollections of Reforming the War Criminals, 143
Red Cross, 173, 175–176, 183–184
Red Flag (Akahata), 85, 88, 178–179, 288n45
reeducation, 117, 214, 219; of Japanese soldiers, 86, 157, 173; of KMT prisoners, 151, 207–210, 216
Refuting the History of the War, 172
remilitarization of Japan, 97, 141
reparation, 11, 223
Repatriates Management Agency, 118
revisionism, 149, 165, 225, 242, 252
Rhee, Synghman, 91, 113–114
Rising Asia Kannon Temple, 248–249, 322n26, 323nn34–35
Ritsumeikan University, 200
Russia, 8, 11, 39, 74. See also USSR
Rwanda, 14, 255

“sacred war,” 63
Saigon, 41. See also France
Saitama Prefecture, rest home in, 111
Sakano Junkichi, 198, 311n45
San Francisco Peace Treaty (1952), 169, 171, 173
Sanmonji Shōhei, 248
Sapporo, 86
Sarawak, 110
Satō Eisaku, 224
SCAP (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers), 12, 36, 68, 74, 81, 83, 125 and JCP, 89–90, 179
Schmitt, Carl, 236
Scotland Yard, 43
SEAC, 60. See also Southeast Asia
Sebald, William, 121–122
Sejima Ryūzō, 31, 249
Sekai (World) magazine, 165, 185, 304n101
sensō sekinin. See war responsibility
Serbia, 254
Shandong Province, 13
Shangbai Village, 96
Shanghai High Court, 131
Shanghai Jiaotong University, 133, 258, 298n46
Shanghai Military Tribunal, 129, 131
Shanghai Trials, 29–30, 45, 104, 129, 131, 158
Shanxi, Hebei and Chahar Provinces Military Zone Detention Center, 209, 314n16
Shanxi Province, 132, 144, 152, 153, 161, 194, 206. See also Taiyuan; Yan Xishan
Shen, Yorkson (Shen Jinding), 103
Shenbao newspaper, 122, 130
Shen Junru, 139–141, 148
Shenyang (Mukden), 29, 132, 164, 188, 195, 209; trials, 31, 128, 152–155, 157–158, 205–206, 240; WWII Allied Prisoners Camp Site Museum, 298
Shenzhen, 217
Shen Zui, 214
Shibuya Incident, 100–103, 231. See also February 28 Incident; Jeju Incident
Shidehara Kijūrō, 71–74, 85, 285n47
Shiga Yoshio, 80–84, 86, 91. See also Fuchū Prison
Shigemitsu Mamoru, 67, 74, 194
Shiina Etsusaburō, 224
Shi Liang, 145–147, 154, 205, 231
Shimazu Tadatsugu, 173, 175
Shimoda Takezsō, 75
Shimomura Kainan (Hiroshi), 42–43
Shimomura Sadamu, 67
Shimota Jirō, 119–120, 130
Shimoyama Incident, 88
Shinobazu Pond, 10–11
Shinto shrines, 243
Shirakawa Training Grounds, 109–110
Shizuoka Prefecture, 248
Showa Emperor. See Hirohito
Showa Research Association, 91
Siberia, 137
Sihang Warehouse Battle, Shanghai, 49–50, 247
Singapore, 16, 61, 112, 122, 171
Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95, 9–10, 12. See also anchors; Dingyuan warship; Weihaiwei; Zhenyuan warship
Snyder, Timothy, 55
socialism, 145–149, 178, 228, 233–234, 236
socialist law, 137, 139–140, 145, 205, 228, 230
Socialist Party, Japanese, 173, 181–182, 196, 237
Sone Eki, 75
Soochow, 119; School of Comparative Law, 27–28; University (Dongwu University), 28, 43–44, 231, 276n10. See also Suzhou
Sōren (General Federation of Resident Koreans in Japan), 84–85
Sorge, Richard, 89–90, 180
South Korea, 38–39, 56, 114; anti-communism, 91, 106, 113; democratization, 21, 113–114; and Japan, 85, 97, 224, 252–253
Soviet Union. See USSR
Speer, Albert, 160
Stalin, Joseph, 86, 123–124, 136, 180, 235; mistakes of, 149–150
Stalinism, 19, 88
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, 231, 236
starvation, 43, 79, 94, 131, 199, 215. See also famine
State Council, 229, 235
state violence, 19, 201
Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 255
Sugamo Prison, 137, 171, 189–190, 193, 310n25; executions at, 120–121, 124, 250; protection of site, 250
Suifenhe, 141, 240
Sumioka Giichi, 161–163
Sumita Raishirō, 161
Sumption, Jonathan, 20
Sunama Ichirō, 85, 89
Sun Li-jen, 108, 201, 312n57
Sun Pinghua, 174
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. See SCAP
Suzhou, 119. See also Soochow
Suzuki Hiraku, 157, 165–166, 207, 305n106
Suzuki Mosaburō, 182
Switzerland, 175

Tachiki Hiroshi, 237
Taipei, 13, 57, 106, 108, 244, 245; Prison, 107
Taiwan Strait, 21
Taiyuan, 118, 143–144, 298, 300; prison camps, 132–133, 162, 164, 194, 241; trials, 149, 152–153, 161–162, 206; War Criminals Management Center, 167, 195. See also Shanxi Province; Yan Xishan
Takasaki Tatsunosuke, 189
Takayanagi Kenzō, 75
Takazawa Torao, 237
Takeiri Yoshikatsu, 223
Takenaka Katsuo, 310n27
Takushoku University, 250
Tamsui. See Danshui
Tamura Hiroshi, 15
Tanabe Toshio, 165–166
Tanaka Hiromi, 68
Tanaka Hisakazu, 93–94
Tanaka Kakuei, 224–225
Tanaka Masaaki, 172, 249
Tanaka Toshio, 181–183, 196
Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, 56
Tan Zhengwen, 149, 299n20
TASS, 136
Tateishi, Kay, 80
technicians, 145, 148; Japanese, 137, 175, 177, 185
TEPCO, 251
terrorism, 19, 219–220, 239
Thatcher, Margaret, 19
The Three Alls, 166
Tiananmen Square, 226, 236
Tianjin, 158, 177, 185
Tiantaigang, 131
Tilanqiao Prison (Basket Bridge Prison), 120
Tingle, G. R., 108
Tito, Josip, 195
Tōgō Minoru, 66
Tōgō Shigenori, 75
Tōjō Hideki, 47, 59, 121, 124
Tokuda Kyūichi, 79–85, 91, 178–180, 188. See also Fuchū Prison
Tokutomi Sohō, 35–36, 54, 249, 278n32
Tokutomi Tasaburō, 249
Tokyo Imperial University, 81, 105
Tominaga Juntarō, 144
Toyoda Soemu, 15, 67
Toyota Kumao, 169–170, 197–198, 284n32, 305n1
Trainin, Aron, 123
traitors, 16, 43, 115, 139, 201, 208; Japanese, 90; Korean, 84, 288n43; Manchukuo, 99, 152
translators, 1, 21, 129, 146, 180, 188, 302n58. See also interpreters
Truman, Harry S., 64, 123
Trump, Donald, 255
Truth and Reconciliation Committee, 245
Tsai Ing-wen, 245
Tsuda Moriya, 162
Tsugita Daizaburō, 86
Tsuji Masanobu, 122–123, 167, 191, 194–195
Tsukamoto Saburō, 228
Tsunoda Jun, 198
tunnel warfare, 2–3, 47, 157–159, 165, 242
Tutsis and Hutus, 255

Uchiyama Kanzō, 175–176
Ueda Kōichirō, 250
Ueno Park, 10–11
Uesaka Masaru, 156–159, 206, 303nn74–76
UK. See United Kingdom
ultranationalism, 122, 172
Umezu Yoshijirō, 67
undeclared war, 6, 86
United Kingdom (UK), 27, 82, 109, 214–215, 230, 283n11; colonial interests, 30–31, 34, 109; legal system, 20, 43–44, 124; vs. Germany, 200; national archives, 293n62, 311n39; national histories, 33; political debates, 200; Sino-Japanese relations, 189, 194–196; Southeast Asia, 49, 60–61; Taiwan, 104, 108; trials, 16, 31–32, 40–41, 112, 129; troops in Japan, 58. See also Great Britain
United Nations (UN), 14, 28, 239, 245, 257; Korea, 113, 116; Taiwan, 216, 218, 221–222, 226, 245; War Crimes Commission. See UNWCC
University of Oxford, 43
Uno Shintarō, 157
UNWCC (United Nations War Crimes Commission), 28, 42–43, 64–65, 124
USS Missouri, 61, 74
USSR, 27, 39, 89, 136, 173, 189, 225–226; advisers to China, 45, 137, 145; competition with US, 25, 38, 58, 63, 74, 90, 116; detention of POWs, 89, 159, 173–175, 194, 249; historical nihilism, 235; JCP, 88–89, 91, 97, 180, 188; Khrushchev’s speech, 149–150; law, 139–140, 145–147, 149, 154; Lin Biao Incident, 221; Manchuria, 98, 137, 183; Mao Zedong’s visit, 136–137; non-public investigations, 161; relations with Japan, 60, 171, 174–175, 183, 191, 224; repatriation of prisoners, 153, 175–177, 209, 241; transfer of POWs to China, 137–138, 141, 155, 183; trials, 16, 30–32, 122–124, 137, 151–152, 166, 249. See also Moscow; Russia
US Strategic Bombing Survey, 219, 316n69

Vergès, Jacques, 19
veterans: Japanese, 69, 76, 191–192, 195; PLA, 116
victimhood, 55, 128; competitive, 20
victimization, 20, 59, 109, 259
Vietnam, 37, 39, 60, 123; War, 19, 197, 200
Virginia Military Institute, 108
Vladivostok, 174
Vyshinsky, Andrey, 124, 137, 139, 298n6

Wada Haruki, 116
Wainwright, Jonathan, 29, 109
Wang Hongwen, 229
Wang Huai’an, 147
Wang Jiaxiang, 188
Wang Jingwei, 46, 273n23
Wang Lin, 96–97, 99
Wang Minqiu, 157–158
Wang Ruqi, 148–149, 154, 301n41
Wang Shijie, 126
Wang Shilin, 142–144, 156, 167, 241–242
Wang Xiaoxian, 307n32
Wang Yaowu, 152, 302n58
Wang Yi, 257
Wang Zaoshi, 204–205
Wang Zhendong, 195
Wanping, 6
Ward Road Jail, 29, 119–120, 295n1
War Investigation Council (Sensō chōsakai), 71, 74, 77
war of aggression, 34, 36, 65, 167, 195, 200, 238
war responsibility (sensō sekinin), 37, 63, 126, 151, 169, 233; deliberating, 34, 48, 66–68, 71–76, 85, 87, 92–93, 165–166
Waseda University, 198
Washington, DC, 69, 176, 259
Washington Post, 219
Webb, William, 31, 44
Weihaiwei, 10, 13. See also anchors; Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95
Wei Jingsheng, 226
West, Rebecca, 124
West Australian newspaper, 120
Western Europe, 22, 38–39, 99
West Germany, 200–201
“white terror,” 201, 203, 245. See also Taiwan; February 28 Incident
Whitney, Courtney, 89
Williams, A. T., 258
Willoughby, Charles, 82, 89–90
Winfield, Percy Henry, 43
Woo Yian, 50–51, 281n43
World Conference against Hydrogen and Atomic Bombs, 189
world order, 37, 39, 60, 148; new, 34, 87, 101, 135
World Peace Conference (1954), 189
World War I, 15, 82
Wright, Robert (Lord Wright of Durley), 43, 64
Wuhan, 11, 209
Wu Jinan, 224
Wu Xuewen, 307n32

Xian, 209, 213
Xiang Zhejun, 32, 44, 103, 129
Xiao Xiangqian, 307n32
Xi Jinping, 231, 236, 247
Xinhua News Agency, 232, 235
Xinhua newspaper, 162, 319n61
Xinwenbao newspaper, 130

Yabe Teiji, 91
Yalu River, 60
Yamada Fūtarō, 47
Yamaguchi Kikuichirō, 182
Yamaguchi Mitsufumi, 98–99
Yamashita Tomoyuki, 61, 63, 76, 286n65
Yang Guangyu, 209
Yang Xianzhi, 206
Yang Zhaolong, 27, 45, 126, 204, 205
Yang Zhenya, 307n32
Yan Haijian, 134, 297n22
Yanji Detention Center, 98
Yan Xishan, 161, 182–183. See also Shanxi Province; Taiyuan
Yao Wenyuan, 229
Yasuda Muneharu, 112
Yasukuni Shrine, 35, 94, 170–171, 238
Yasuo Masatsuna, 162
Ye Jianying, 228
Yenan, 81, 86, 147, 178, 188
Yokohama, 86, 248, 250, 305n1
Yokosuka, 10
Yokota Kisaburō, 15
Yomiuri Newspaper, 10, 73, 83, 124
Yonai Mitsumasa, 67
Yonemura Haruki, 119–120, 130
Yoshida Shigeru, 74–75, 93, 172, 174
Yoshimatsu Masakatsu, 172
Yoshimi Yoshiaki, 165
Yuan Guang, 206
Yuan Weishi, 256
Yudin, P. F., 150
Yugoslavia, 14, 195, 226
Yuhuatai execution site, 128

Zainichi, 83, 85
Zainihon chōsenjin renmei (Chōren), 83–84
Zainihon chōsenjin sōren gōkai (Sōren), 84–85
Zainihon daikanminkoku kyoryū mindan (Community of Resident South Koreans in Japan), 85
Zhang Chunqiao, 229, 232
Zhang Dingcheng, 153–154
Zhangjiakou, 209
Zhang Jinghui, 241
Zhang Tieshi, 218
Zhang Xiangqian, 206–207
Zhang Xiruo, 148, 190, 194, 196
Zhang Zhirang, 301n46
Zhao Anbo, 180, 188, 307n32
Zhao Peixian, 163
Zhao Yuying, 240, 321n3. See also Fushun: Prison
Zhejiang Province, 50, 96, 158
Zheng Fulai, 6–8, 272n2
Zheng Luda, 279n16
Zhenyuan warship, 8–10, 12. See also anchors; Dingyuan warship; Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95
Zhong Hanbo, 11
Zhong Hanhua, 301n46
Zhonghua ribao newspaper, 130
Zhou Enlai, 12, 56, 143, 187, 221–226; Japanese politicians, 181, 183–185, 191–195, 223–224, 310n22, 310n27; war criminals, 143, 149–150, 183–184, 192–193, 214–217
Zhou Gengsheng, 301n46
Zhou Yangqing, 279n16
Zhu De, 188, 225
Zhu Yaotang, 206–207

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