Archival Collections
Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, Illinois
Ichabod Codding Family Papers
Earnest E. East, “History of Peoria,” 1946
Albert Hale Letter, 1838
Illinois Anti-Slavery Society Papers
“Journal of the Upper Alton Lyceum”
Elijah Lovejoy Papers
Owen Lovejoy Papers
E. Russell Letter, 1838
Levi Spencer Diaries
State of Illinois, Randolph County, “To the People of the State of Illinois,” 1836
Samuel Willard Papers
Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Guy Beckley Papers
Elizabeth M. Chandler Papers
Laura S. Haviland Papers
Lucian H. Jones Papers
Michigan Anti-Slavery Society Daybook
John Mott Papers
Charles Osborn Letters
Chicago History Museum, Chicago, Illinois
H. O. Wagoner Letter, 1884
Samuel Willard, “The Riot in Alton Ill. Nov. 7. 1837,” December 25, 1879
Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan
African-American History Collection
“Michigan Anti-Slavery Society Daybook, Vol. 1,” Harriet deGarmo Fuller Collection
“Michigan Anti-Slavery Society Daybook, Vol. 4,” 1853–1857, Harriet deGarmo Fuller Collection
Owen Lovejoy Collection
Quaker Collection
Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
Dugdale Papers
Rebecca Lewis Fussell Correspondence
Lewis–Fussell Papers
Friends Manuscript Collection, Earlham College, Lilly Library, Richmond, Indiana
Elijah Coffin Papers
Levi Coffin Collection
Robert Nixon Huff Papers
Osborn Family Collection
Pusey Graves Collection
Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania
Coffin Family Letters
Charles H. Moore Papers
William Parker Scrapbook
Updegraff Collection
Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana
James Eastman Letter, 1849
Economy Anti-Slavery Society, “The Economy (Wayne Co.) Anti-Slavery Society, Auxiliary to the Indiana State Anti-Slavery Society, Organized First Month 27th 1840, Minute Book.” 1840.
Solomon Fussell Letter, 1843
Oliver N. Huff, “Old Newport: A Paper Read By Dr. O. N. Huff Before the Wayne County Historical Society,” August 31, 1900
Society of Friends Collection, “Deer Creek Meeting of Anti-Slavery Friends [Men’s Meeting],” 1843–1855
Society of Friends Collection, “Deer Creek Monthly Meeting Of Anti-Slavery Women Friends,” 1843–1856
Indiana State Archives, Indianapolis, Indiana
Governor Samuel Bigger: Governors’ Correspondence 1840–1843
Governor Morton Correspondence, Civil War Years
Secretary of State Early Petitions
Secretary of State Pardons and Remissions Book, 1830–1854
Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, Indiana
Jacob P. Dunn Papers
George Evans Letters
Minute Book of Neel’s Creek Anti-Slavery Society, 1839–1845
“Records of the Henry County Female Anti-Slavery Society,” 1841–1849, County Manuscripts Collection
Roberts Settlement Collection: Papers of Roberts Family, Rush, Henry, and Hamilton Counties, 1734–1944
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
Betsy Mix Cowles Papers, Special Collections
Oberlin College Archives, Oberlin, Ohio
Correspondence, Treasurer
Cowles Papers
Robert S. Fletcher Papers
James Monroe Papers
Hiram Wilson Papers
Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio
Benjamin Lundy Collection
Rachel M[yers] Letter, c. 1848–1849
Charles Osborn Papers
John Rankin Papers
Benjamin Stanton Correspondence
Wright–Smythe–Condon–Hosack Family Collection
Peoria Public Library, Peoria, Illinois
Samuel H. Davis File, Peoria Public Library Collection
Earnest E. East, “History of Peoria,” c. 1950–1965
Southwest Collection, Texas Tech University
Elijah Parish Lovejoy Papers
Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio
Ashtabula County Female Anti-Slavery Society
Canton Ladies Anti-Slavery Society Records
Marius R. Robinson Papers
Western Anti-Slavery Society Records
White–Ford Family Papers
Newspapers
Anti-Slavery Bugle, Salem, Ohio
Clarion of Freedom, Cambridge and New Concord, Ohio
Evangelist, New York, New York
Frederick Douglass’ Paper, Rochester, New York
Free Democrat, Galesburg, Illinois
Free Labor Advocate and Anti-Slavery Chronicle, New Garden, Indiana
Genius of Liberty, Lowell, Illinois
Genius of Universal Emancipation, Mt. Pleasant, Ohio
Liberator, Boston, Massachusetts
Liberty Tree, Chicago, Illinois
National Anti-Slavery Standard, New York, New York
National Era, Washington, DC
Niles’ National Register, Baltimore, Maryland
Peoria Register and Northwestern Gazetteer, Peoria, Illinois
Philanthropist, Cincinnati, Ohio
Protectionist, New Garden, Indiana
Richmond Palladium, Richmond, Indiana
Tribune, Chicago, Illinois
Western Citizen, Chicago, Illinois
Printed Primary Sources
An Accompaniment to Mitchell’s Reference and Distance Map of the United States. Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, 1845.
Address of the Colored Men’s Border State Convention to the People of the United States, Baltimore, August 5–6, 1868. In Proceedings of the Black National and State Conventions, 1865–1900, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 322–24. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Annual Report Presented to the American Anti-Slavery Society, by the Executive Committee, at the Annual Meeting, Held in New York, May 7, 1856. With an Appendix. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1856.
Annual Reports of the American Anti-Slavery Society, by the Executive Committee, for the Years Ending May 1, 1857 and May 1, 1858. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1859.
Baldwin, Thomas and J. Thomas. New and Complete Gazetteer of the United States. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo, and Co., 1854.
Ballance, Charles. History of Peoria, Illinois. Peoria: N. C. Nason, 1870.
Barnes, Gilbert Hobbs, and Dwight L. Dumond, eds. Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimké Weld, and Sarah Grimké, 1822–1844. Vol. 1. 1934. Reprint, Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1965.
Beecher, Lyman. A Plea for the West. Cincinnati: Truman and Smith, 1835.
Bell, Howard Holman. Minutes of the Proceedings of the National Negro Conventions, 1830–1864, The American Negro: His History and Literature. New York: Arno Press, 1969.
Berlin, Ira, Joseph P. Reidy, and Leslie S. Rowland. The Black Military Experience. Vol. 2. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Blanchard, Jonathan. Memoir of Rev. Levi Spencer: Successively Pastor of the Congregational Church at Canton, Bloomington, and Peoria, Illinois. Cincinnati: American Reform Tract and Book Society, 1856.
Blanchard, Julia. Blessed Memories: The Life of Mrs. Mary A. Blanchard, by her daughter Julia. Wheaton: 1890.
Buckner, Thomas, et. al. The Late Detriot Riot. Detroit: 1863.
Burnett, Edmund, ed. The Letters of Members of the Continental Congress. Vol. 8. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1936. Coffin, Elijah, Charles Fisher Coffin, and Mary Coffin Johnson. The Life of Elijah Coffin; With a Reminiscence, by His Son Charles F. Coffin. Edited by his Daughter, Mary C. Johnson. Printed for His Family Only. Cincinnati?: E. Morgan & Sons, 1863.
Coffin, Levi. Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the Reputed President of the Underground Railroad. 1876. Reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1968.
Davis, Mary Brown. Scenes of Oppression in the Refined Circles of the South; Addressed to the Women of Illinois by Mrs. M. B. Davis: Peoria County Anti-Slavery Society, 1846.
Davis, Samuel H. Free Discussion Suppressed in Peoria. Peoria, IL: Samuel H. Davis, 1843.
Douglass, Frederick. Oration, Delivered in Corinthian Hall, Rochester, by Frederick Douglass, July 5th, 1852. Rochester: Lee, Mann & Co., 1852.
Drown, Simeon De Witt. Drown’s Record and Historical View of Peoria from the Discovery by the French Jesuit Missionaries, in the Seventeenth Century, to the Present Time. Also, an Almanac for 1851, Calculated for the Latitude and Longitude of Peoria, Illinois. Peoria: E. O. Woodcock, 1851.
Eastman, Zebina. “History of the Antislavery Agitation, and the Growth of the Liberty and Republican Parties in the State of Illinois.” In Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest, edited by Rufus Blanchard. Wheaton: 1879.
Ellsworth, H. L. Illinois in 1837; A Sketch Descriptive of the Situation, Boundaries, Face of the Country, Prominent Districts, Prairies, Rivers, Minerals, Animal, Agricultural Productions, Public Lands, Plans of Internal Improvement, Manufactures, &c. of the State of Illinois: Also, Suggestions to Emigrants, Sketches of the Counties, Cities, and Principal Towns in the State: Together with a Letter on the Cultivation of the Prairies, by the Hon. H. L. Ellsworth. To Which Are Annexed the Letters from a Rambler in the West. Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, 1837.
Finney, Charles Grandison. The Original Memoirs of Charles Grandison Finney. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.
Foner, Philip Sheldon, and George E. Walker, eds. Proceedings of the Black National and State Conventions, 1865–1900. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
———, eds. Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979.
———, eds. Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979.
French, Augustus C. Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois, to the Seventeenth General Assembly, Convened January 6, 1851. Springfield: Lanphier & Walker, 1851.
Garrison, William Lloyd, and Walter McIntosh Merrill. The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971.
Garrison, William Lloyd, and Louis Ruchames. The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971.
General Order No. 143, May 22, 1863, Orders and Circulars, 1797–1910, Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917, Record Group 94. National Archives, Washington, DC.
Gilbert, Olive, and Frances W. Titus. Narrative of Sojourner Truth, The American Negro: His History and Literature. 1878. Reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1968.
Hallowell, Anna Davis, ed. James and Lucretia Mott: Life and Letters. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884.
Holley, Sallie, and John White Chadwick. A Life for Liberty: Anti-Slavery and Other Letters of Sallie Holley. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1899.
Illinois Anti-Slavery Convention. Proceedings of the Illinois Anti-Slavery Convention: held at Upper Alton on the twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, and twenty-eighth October 1837. Alton: Parks and Breath, 1838.
Illinois General Assembly. An Act to Repeal Section Sixteen of the Revised Statutes, entitled “An Act to Prevent the Immigration of Free Negroes into this State,” Commonly Known as the “Black Laws.” February 7, 1865.
Illinois Supreme Court. Decision of the Supreme Court of Illinois in relation to arrest of slaves. Ex parte Thornton. The process by virtue of which the prisoner was arrested, and is now detained, was issued under the provisions of the fifth section of the seventy-fourth chapter of the Revised Statutes. 1850.
Indiana General Assembly. An Act to Amend “An Act in Relation to Witnesses” and to repeal Section 238 of Article 13, of an Act Entitled an Act to Revise, Simplify, and Abridge the Rules in Cases of the Courts of this State. December 21, 1865.
———. Journal of the Indiana State Senate, During the Called Session of the General Assembly, Commencing Saturday, November 20, 1858. Indianapolis: Joseph J. Bingham, 1858.
Indiana Yearly Meeting of Friends. Address to the Citizens of the State of Ohio Concerning What are Called the Black Laws, Issued in behalf of the Society of Friends of Indiana Yearly Meeting, by their Meeting for Sufferings, Representing the Said Yearly Meeting in its Recess [A Large Portion of the Members Reside in the State of Ohio]. Cincinnati: A. Pugh, 1848.
Jones, John. The Black Laws of Illinois, and a Few Reasons Why They Should Be Repealed. Chicago: Tribune Book and Job Office, 1864.
Julian, George Washington. The Rank of Charles Osborn as an Anti-slavery Pioneer. Indiana Historical Society Publications. Vol. 2, no. 6. Indianapolis: The Bowen-Merrill Company, 1891.
Lincoln, William Sever. Alton Trials of Winthrop S. Gilman, who was indicted with Enoch Long, Amos B. Roff, George H. Walworth, George H. Whitney, William Harned, John S. Noble, James Morss, Jr., Henry Tanner, Royal Weller, Reuben Gerry, and Theodore B. Hurlbut; for the Crime of Riot, Committed on the Night of the 7th of November, 1837, While Engaged in Defending a Printing Press, from an Attack Made on It at That Time, by an Armed Mob. Written out from Notes of the Trial, Taken at the Time, by a Member of the Bar of the Alton Municipal Court. Also, the Trial of John Solomon, Levi Palmer, Horace Beall, Josiah Nutter, Jacob Smith, David Butler, William Carr, and James M. Rock, Indicted with James Jennings, Solomon Morgan, and Frederick Bruchy; for a Riot Committed in Alton, on the Night of the 7th of November, 1837, in Unlawfully and Forcibly Entering the Warehouse of Godfrey, Gilman, and Co., and Breaking up and Destroying a Printing Press. Written out from Notes Taken at the Time of Trial, by William S. Lincoln, a Member of the Bar of the Alton Municipal Court. New York: J. F. Trow, 1838.
Lovejoy, Joseph C., and Owen Lovejoy. Memoir of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy; Who Was Murdered in Defence of the Liberty of the Press, at Alton, Illinois, November 7, 1837. 1838. Reprint, Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1970.
Malvin, John. North into Freedom: The Autobiography of John Malvin, Free Negro, 1795–1880. Edited by Allan Peskin. 1879. Reprint, Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1988.
———. Eighteenth Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1850. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
———. Eleventh Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1843. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
———. Fifteenth Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1847. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
———. Fourteenth Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1846. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
———. Nineteenth Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1851. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
———. Twelfth Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1844. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
———. Twentieth Annual Report, Presented to the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, by Its Board of Managers. 1852. Reprint, Westport, CT: Negro Universities Press, 1970.
Memorial of John Mercer Langston for Colored People of Ohio to General Assembly of the State of Ohio, June, 1854. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 297–304. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Michigan State Anti-Slavery Society. Proceedings of the Second Anniversary of the Michigan State Anti-Slavery Society, Held at Ann Arbor, June 7, 1838. Detroit: Harsha and Bates, Printers, 1838.
———. Report of the Meeting of the Michigan State Anti-Slavery Society, June 28, 1837, Being the First Annual Meeting, Adjourned from June 1st, 1837. Detroit: George L. Whitney, 1837.
Middleton, Stephen. The Black Laws in the Old Northwest: A Documentary History. Contributions in Afro-American and African Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993.
The Minutes and Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the American Moral Reform Society, Held at Philadelphia, in the Presbyterian Church in Seventh Street, Below Shippen, from the 14th to the 19th of August, 1837. Philadelphia: Printed By Merrihew And Gunn, No. 7 Carter’s Alley, 1837
Minutes of the Fifth Annual Convention for the Improvement of the Free People of Colour in the United States, Held by Adjournment, in the Wesley Church, Philadephia, From the First to the Fifth of June, Inclusive, 1835. Philadelphia: William P. Gibbons, 1835.
Minutes of the State Convention of the Colored Citizens of Michigan, Held in the City of Detroit on the 26th and 27th of October, 1843, for the Purpose of Considering Their Moral and Political Condition as Citizens of the State. Detroit: Printed by William Harsha, 1843.
Minutes of the State Convention of the Colored Citizens of Ohio, Convened at Columbus, Jan. 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th, 1851. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 257–73. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Minutes of the State Convention, of the Colored Citizens of Ohio, Convened at Columbus, January 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, 1850. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 241–56. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Mott, Lucretia, Beverly Wilson Palmer, Holly Byers Ochoa, and Carol Faulkner, eds. Selected Letters of Lucretia Coffin Mott. Women in American History. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2002.
National Convention of Colored Citizens. Minutes of the National Convention of Colored Citizens: Held at Buffalo, on the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th of August 1843. New York: Piercy and Reed, 1843.
Ohio Anti-Slavery Society. Report of the Second Anniversary of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society held in Mount Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, on the Twenty-Seventh of April, 1837. Cincinnati: The [Ohio] Anti-Slavery Society, 1837.
Osborn, Charles. Journal of that Faithful Servant of Christ, Charles Osborn, Containing an Account of Many of His Travels and Labors in the Work of the Ministry, and his Trials and Exercises in the Service of the Lord, and In Defense of the Truth, as it is in Jesus. Cincinnati: Achilles Pugh, 1854.
Porter, Mary H. Eliza Chappell Porter, a Memoir. Chicago: F.H. Revell Company, 1892.
Proceedings of a Convention of the Colored Men of Ohio. Held in the City of Cincinnati, on the 23rd, 24th, 25th, and 26th days of November, 1858. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 332–41. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of a Convention of the Colored Men of Ohio, Held in Xenia, on the 10th, 11th, and 12th days of January, 1865; With the Constitution of the Ohio Equal Rights League. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 342–353. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the Colored Men’s Convention of the State of Michigan, Held in the City of Detroit, Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept 12th and 13th, ‘65, with Accompanying Documents. Also, the Constitution of the Equal Rights League of the State of Michigan. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 198–212. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the Convention, of the Colored Freemen of Ohio, Held in Cincinnati, January 14, 15, 16, 17 and 19, 1852. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 274–96. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the National Equal Rights League, Held in Cleveland, Ohio, October 19, 20, and 21, 1865. In Proceedings of the Black National and State Conventions, 1865–1900, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 43–68. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the First Convention of the Colored Citizens of the State of Illinois Convened at the City of Chicago, October 6th, 7th, and 8th, 1853. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the Illinois State Convention of Colored Men, Assembled at Galesburg, October 16th, 17th, and 18th. Containing the State and National Addresses Promulgated by It, With a List of the Delegates Composing It, October 1866. Published by Order of the Convention. In Proceedings of the Black National and State Conventions, 1865–1900, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 248–75. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings Of The Indiana Convention Assembled To Organize A State Anti-Slavery Society, Held in Milton, Wayne Co., September 12, 1838. Cincinnati: Samuel A. Alley, Printer, 1838.
Proceedings of the National Convention of Colored Men, held in the City of Syracuse, N.Y., October 4, 5, 6, and 7, 1864; with the Bill of Wrongs and Rights, and the Address to the American People. Boston: J. S. Rock and Geo. L. Ruffin, 1864.
Proceedings of the State Convention of Colored Citizens of the State of Illinois, Held in the City of Alton November 13th, 14th, and 15th, 1856. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the State Convention of Colored Men, Held in the City of Columbus, Ohio, Jan. 16th, 17th, and 18th, 1856. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 305–17. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Proceedings of the State Convention of the Colored Men of the State of Ohio, Held in the City of Columbus, January 21st, 22d, and 23d, 1857. In Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 318–31. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
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Revised Laws Of Indiana in which are Comprised All Such Acts of a General Nature As Are in Force in Said State; Adopted and Enacted by the General Assembly at Their Fifteenth Session. To which are Prefixed the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the U. S., the Constitution of the State of Indiana, and Sundry Other Documents, Connected with the Political History of the Territory And State Of Indiana. Arranged and Published by Authority of the General Assembly. Indianapolis: Douglass and Maguire, 1831.
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———, ed. The Black Abolitionist Papers: The United States, 1847–1858. Vol. 4. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
———, ed. The Black Abolitionist Papers: The United States, 1859–1865. Vol. 5. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, Susan B. Anthony, and Ann D. Gordon. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Vol 1. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997.
State Convention of the Colored People of Indiana, Indianapolis, October 24, 1865. In Proceedings of the Black National and State Conventions, 1865–1900, edited by Philip Sheldon Foner and George E. Walker. Vol. 1, 185–86. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
Stebbins, Giles Badger. Upward Steps of Seventy Years. Autobiographic, Biographic, Historic. New York: United States Book Company, 1890.
Stewart, Maria W. Maria W. Stewart, America’s First Black Political Writer, Essays and Speeches. Edited by Marilyn Richardson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Still, William. The Underground Railroad. The American Negro: His History and Literature. 1852. Reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1968.
Tanner, Henry. The Martyrdom of Lovejoy, an account of the life, trials, and perils of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who was killed by a pro-slavery mob at Alton, Illinois, the night of November 7, 1837. By an eye-witness [Henry Tanner]. 1881. Reprint, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1971.
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