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INDEX
Note: Figures and tables are indicated by page numbers in italics.
- Able Doctor, The, 164–66, 165, 180
- Achincloss, Thomas, 144
- Adams, Abigail, 242–43
- Adams, Elizabeth, 242
- Adams, John, 174, 242, 255; advertising and, 145, 244; Boston Tea Party and, 19, 62, 120; “Dutch tea” and, 101; legal separation and, 110; non-consumption and, 115, 119; performativity and, 155; prices and, 252; propaganda and, 210
- Adams, John Quincy, 274
- Adams, Samuel: Boston Tea Party and, 63, 68; Charleston Tea Party and, 54; Dartmouth and, 76; Gadsden and, 83; Patriots and, 26; payment for tea and, 68, 85; Solemn League and Covenant and, 136; stockpiling and, 100
- Adams, Thomas, 84
- Administration of Justice Act, 75, 179
- advertising, 14–15, 96–98, 220–21, 244, 244, 310n1; advertisers, 143–45; boycotts and, 145–46; commerce and, 155–57; counting, 133–37, 134–35; “Dutch tea” and, 103; frequency of, 133, 134; news and, 148–52, 152; non-importation and, 99; politics and, 60, 153–55; as speech, 139–43, 140–42; types of, 137–39, 138
- Aitchison, William, 112, 229
- Albany Congress, 57
- Allason, William, 118, 194
- Allen, Ethan, 217, 245–46
- Allen, James, 194
- Alsop, John, 102, 236–37, 250, 337n40
- American Chronicles of the Times, The (Leacock), 166–67, 256, 318n24
- Amiel, John, Jr., 244
- Amory, John, 77, 278
- Amos, John, 136
- Anderson, Virginia DeJohn, 286n33
- Andrews, Benjamin, 243
- Andrews, John, 79, 98, 106, 117–18, 174
- Angell, Nathan, 201–2
- Annapolis, Maryland, 97–99, 134, 150. See also Peggy Stewart (ship)
- Annapolis Resolves, 148–49
- Antigua, 89–90, 92–93, 231, 246, 261, 300n6, 300n9
- Appleton, Nathaniel, 77
- Ashley, Elihu, 117, 172, 220, 229
- Austrian Netherlands, 34
- Ayscough, James, 89, 91–92, 100
- Bache, Richard, 141, 143–44, 150
- Bailey, Jacob, 121
- Baker, Joseph, 262, 263, 340n13
- Baldwin, Cyrus, 103
- Baltics, 35
- Baltimore, Maryland, 101, 134, 136, 149–50, 197–98, 224, 241
- Baltimore Resolves, 148–49
- Barkley, Gilbert, 106
- Barrell, Joseph, 214
- Barrell, William, 98, 232, 243
- Bartlett, William, 246
- Batchelder, Breed, 202–3
- Battle of Concord, 60, 84, 203, 210, 214, 244
- Battle of Lexington, 60, 84, 203, 210, 214, 230, 244
- Bayard, William, 336n33
- Beadle, William, 146–47, 147, 155, 181, 220, 225
- Beatty, Betsy, 212–13
- Beatty, Charles, 119, 171, 207–8, 212
- Beatty, Reading, 178, 219
- Beekman, John, 202
- Belgium, 34
- Beverley, Robert, III, 56
- Bird, Seth, 317n13
- Bleecker, Anthony, 143, 145, 222–24, 242, 330n38, 334n9
- Boltwood, Samuel, 162–63
- Bond, William, 99
- Booth, Benjamin, 229, 261, 293n15
- Bosch, Hieronymus, 187
- Boston Harbor, 30, 32. See also Boston Port Act
- Boston Massacre, 64–66, 71, 116, 136, 178, 295n7
- Boston Port Act, 31, 70–77, 256; “Able Doctor” and, 165; American Chronicles of the Times and, 168; Charleston and, 56; ministry and, 88, 93; overview of, 54–55; power and, 59; relief and, 83
- Boston Tea Party, 1–2, 8, 17–18, 259–61; advertising and, 133; American Chronicles and, 167–68; boycott vs., 26; prices and, 52; reception of, 18–22; salvage of tea from, 28–29, 31–32; theft of tea and, 123; as treason, 67–69; William and, 256
- Boston Tea Party, The (Labaree), 40–41, 73
- Boudinot, Sarah, 184
- Bours, Samuel, 221–22, 330nn34–35
- Bowen, Ashley, 246
- Bowes, Isaac, 213
- boycotts, 1–6, 24–27, 42–43, 78–79, 83, 255; Able Doctor and, 180; advertising and, 132, 145–46; coffee and, 273; disregard of, 196; “Dutch tea” and, 54; enforcement of, 197, 211; Lee and, 236; Loyalists and, 227, 229, 232; of other products, 53; parliamentary elections and, 58; patriotism and, 220; Patriots and, 193, 195; prices and, 226; prize-taking and, 246; prohibition and, 237, 239–40; stockpiling and, 99; of tea vs. of Britain, 235; Townshend Acts and, 33; war and, 233; William and, 52; women and, 175–76, 182–84, 187. See also non-consumption
- Boyd, John, 99
- Boyer, Peter, 94
- Boyle, John, 20
- Boylston, Thomas, 42, 77, 252, 338n49
- Bradford, William, 143
- Bradshaw, Eleazer, 200
- Brazil, 342n10
- Breen, T. H., 25
- Breen, Timothy, 2–3
- Brinkerhoff, Abraham, 244, 244
- Britannia (ship), 95, 104, 108, 111, 113, 145
- Brown, Richard D., 286n24, 295n9, 306n8
- Brown, William, 231
- Bull, Frederick, 144
- Bull, William, 17, 52, 58, 92
- Burke, Edmund, 73, 196–97
- buy-backs, 127–28
- Caldwell, James, 252, 338n45
- Camp, Elnathan, 144
- Campbell, John, 213
- Campbell, Robert, 304n64
- Canada, 60. See also Nova Scotia; Quebec
- Cape, Brian, 144
- Cape Cod, 18, 28–29, 95, 288n53
- Caribbean, 36, 58, 90, 290n11. See also Jamaica; St. Croix; St. Eustatius
- Carroll, Charles, 98–99, 111, 242
- Carter, John, 143, 316n9
- Carter, Landon, 174, 243
- Cary, Burgess Archibald, 198
- Caswell, William, 120, 172
- censorship, 192–93, 206–9
- Champion, Richard, 99
- Champlin, Christopher, 118, 143, 232, 241–42, 329n24
- Chandler, Samuel, 19
- Channel Islands, 34–35
- Charleston, South Carolina, 31, 94, 278, 284n4, 288n55, 305n76; advertising and, 151; Britannia and, 95, 104; embargo and, 105; gunpowder and, 60; London and, 92; Maitland and, 124; ministry and, 92–93; non-consumption and, 53–54; Patriots and, 52–53; Philadelphia and, 255; Pope’s Day and, 113–14, 207; sale of tea from, 236, 247–49, 248; Tea Party, 8–9, 13–19, 67–68; William and, 29; women and, 174–76
- Charlestown, Massachusetts, 19, 124, 127–28
- Chase, Samuel, 111, 237, 239, 242
- Chauncy, Charles, 78–79, 81, 83
- Chestertown, Maryland, 96–97, 301n29
- Chestertown Resolves, 96–97
- China, 22, 43–45, 47, 160, 242, 247, 259–60
- Church, Benjamin, 76
- Clark, Edward, 200
- Clarke, Jonathan, 28–29, 123, 261, 339n11
- Clarke, Richard, 261
- Cobbett, W., 160
- Coercive Acts, 2, 59, 93, 116, 257; advertising and, 132; as catalyst, 94; Charleston and, 305n76; consumption and, 32; “Dutch tea” and, 103–4; East India Company and, 115; Maryland and, 97; Massachusetts and, 62; ministry and, 54; as model for future laws, 60; North and, 75; Nova Scotia and, 106; Patriots and, 55–56, 79, 256; political transformation and, 51; repayment and, 85; repeal of, 86; Tea Party and, 81, 88; war and, 24; women and, 183
- coffee, 118–19; Coercive Acts and, 116; consumption, 273, 273, 274; consumption, vs. tea, 270; as equally problematic, 130; exports, 342n9; imports, 272, 342n8; in male socializing, 172; myth of turn to, 24; newspapers and, 154–55; as objects or protest, 5; prices, 252; producing countries, 342n10; women and, 173
- Cohen, Gershon, 141
- Colden, Cadwallader, 91, 100, 300n14
- Commutation Act, 37, 44, 290n19
- Condict, Jemima, 120
- Continental Association, 2–7, 262; Battle of Lexington and, 216; in Boston, 215; Boston and, 306n8; Congress and, 57; counter-associations, 227–28; enforcement and, 211; Georgia and, 214; imports and, 102–3; non-consumption and, 60; parliamentary election and, 58; patriotism and, 195–96; revolutionary committees and, 59; tea parties and, 95; in uniformity of movement, 115; war and, 245–47
- Continental Congress, 57–58, 83–86, 115, 187, 237–42
- Cook, John, 201
- Cooke, Nicholas, 246
- Cooper, Myles, 209
- Cooper, Samuel, 27
- Cornell, Benjamin, 218
- counter-associations, 227–28
- courtship, 172, 179, 257
- Cowles, Martha, 317n13
- Cowles, Solomon, 317n13
- Crary, Catharine, 193
- Crayton, James, 304n64
- Cresswell, Nicholas, 117–18, 121, 174, 178, 217, 262; Kirk and, 340n12; newspapers and, 154
- Crouch, Charles, 143
- Cunningham, Archibald, 144
- Curling, Alexander, 17, 305n74
- Curtis, Charles, 202
- Curwen, Samuel, 209, 219
- Cuyler, Abraham Cornelius, 264
- Dagliesh, James, 136
- Danish Asiatic Company, 35
- Dartmouth, Lord, 46, 71, 92, 100, 106–7; in charging of tea partiers, 75–77; East India Company and, 91; payment for tea and, 62; Polly and, 67; treason and, 68–69
- Daughters of Liberty, 171, 175, 183, 187
- Davidson, John, 98
- Davis, Benjamin, 136, 143, 298n44
- Davis, Joshua, 104
- Davison, Samuel, 334n9
- Dawe, Philip, 186, 187, 199
- Dayton, Hezekiah, 141
- Deblois, Gilbert, 136, 298n44, 327n8, 331n48
- Declaration of Independence, 8, 32
- de Neufville, Jean, 222–23, 241–42
- Denmark, 33–35, 46
- Dennie, William, 42
- de Peyster, Abraham, 144
- Derby, John, 42
- De Rosset, Catherine, 163
- Dewindt, Gerard, 336n33
- Dickinson, John, 143, 182
- Dixon, John, 143
- Dixon, Robert, 22–24, 243, 247, 258–59
- Dolphin (ship), 36, 101
- Donaldson, Alexander, 313n24
- Donaldson, William, 108–9, 139, 142, 145, 151, 152
- Dorchester, Massachusetts, 125–27
- Dorr, Harbottle, Jr., 150, 314n32
- Dowdeswell, William, 74
- Drayton, William Henry, 15, 173
- Drinker, Elizabeth, 173–74, 177, 231, 261
- Drinker, Henry, 79
- Drinker, James, 229
- Duane, James, 51, 194
- Dunlap, John, 143
- Dunmore, John, 5, 21, 234, 283n12; censorship and, 208; Coercive Acts and, 56; gunpowder and, 60; legal distance and, 110; non-consumption and, 121; propaganda and, 210
- Duryee, Abraham, 144
- Dutch East India Company (VOC), 34–35, 37, 39, 43, 46–47, 289n5, 341n5
- “Dutch tea,” 42, 100–104, 292n3; advertising and, 136, 139; bans on, 51–52; Beadle and, 147; boycotts and, 54, 193; competition with, 106; Congress and, 120; consumption and, 219; Continental Association and, 87, 257; defined, 35; monopoly and, 46; from other countries, 47; Pope’s Day and, 113; prices and, 107, 275; prohibition and, 236–38, 240, 258; purchased for destruction, 128. See also smuggling
- Eagles, Joseph, 231
- Eddis, William, 98, 196, 228
- Edes, Benjamin, 143
- EIC. See English East India Company (EIC)
- Ellery, William, 205–6, 210, 221
- emasculation, 183–85
- enforcement: areas beyond, 214–18; buy-backs as, 127–28; prohibition and, 193, 197–203; as sign of consumption, 124–27
- English East India Company (EIC), 1–2, 7–8, 13–15, 29–39, 128, 259, 261; advertising and, 143–44; amends to, 61–62; Charleston and, 247–49, 248; Coercive Acts and, 87; “Dutch tea” and, 241; Nancy and, 89; newspapers and, 150, 153; Patriots and, 20, 236; Polly and, 106; Port Act and, 70; prohibition and, 241; propaganda and, 210–11; suits for damages by, 65–66; Tea Act and, 43–45; William and, 88, 118, 215; Withington and, 125
- Erving, George, 77–78
- Ettwein, John, 130
- Fairfax, Virginia, 80
- Fairfax Resolves, 80, 84, 128, 340n12
- Faroe Islands, 34
- Fellows, Cornelius, 328n19
- Fellows, Gustavus, 42
- femininity: rhetorical, 181–83; of tea, 170–71. See also gendering; women
- Fenno, Samuel, 22
- Ferguson, John, 310n51
- Fillis, John, 106–7, 326n54
- Findlay, Robert, 108
- Fithian, Philip Vickers, 95, 116, 118–19, 174, 201, 212–13
- Fleming, Henry, 198, 293n16
- Foote, Benhamin Hatley, 229
- Fortune (ship), 65, 94
- France, 35, 39, 46, 101, 154, 160; as source of tea, 34; taxation populaire in, 251; trade agreement with, 241; Woolsey and, 330n38
- Frank, Thomas, 99
- Franklin, Benjamin, 19, 55, 61, 82, 86, 181–82, 242
- Franks, David Salisbury, 24
- French East India Company, 37
- Freneau, Philip, 260
- Fuller, Rose, 74
- Gadsden, Christopher, 13, 17, 53–54, 83, 85, 233, 292n4
- Gage, Thomas, 65, 72, 99, 210, 293n15, 326n51; Castle William and, 93; Counter-Associations and, 227; Dartmouth and, 77; in dissolution of legislature, 79; enforcement and, 214–16; and failure of tea as Loyalist symbol, 228–29; as governor in Massachusetts, 54, 70; gunpowder and, 60; Hutchinson and, 261; mail and, 209; Patriots and, 57, 75–76, 105; payment for tea and, 86; Port Act and, 74–75; relief and, 83
- Galloway, Grace, 262
- Galloway, John, 98, 194
- Galloway, Joseph, 57
- Gardiner, Sylvester, 122–23
- Garrigues, Samuel, 244, 244
- Gaspée (ship), 66
- Gautier, Andrew, 250
- Geddes (ship), 96–97, 104, 145, 150
- gendering: propaganda and, 147, 170; resistance to, 180–81; of tea, 178–80
- Germany, 35–36, 154, 217, 289n5, 289n7
- Gervais, John Lewis, 71, 77–78, 81–82
- Gibbons, William, 301n22
- Glassford, John, 218, 224–25
- Glazier, John, 222
- Goddard, William, 97, 143
- Good and Bad Effects of Tea Consider’d, The (Mason), 162
- Goodheart, Adam, 301n29
- Gordon, Alexander, 317n13
- Gordon, Samuel, 139, 141, 156
- Graham, Archibald, 101
- Graves, Samuel, 214
- Gray, Harrison, 19, 61, 77–78
- Gray, Lewis, 246
- Graydon, Rachel, 262
- Great Awakening, 182
- Green, Enoch, 178, 219
- Greenman, Jeremiah, 24
- Greenough, Thomas, 129
- Greenwood, William, Jr., 13–16, 18, 41–42, 248, 261, 284n4, 285n13
- Greyhound (ship), 95, 111
- Griffiths, Dorcas, 291n26
- Griffiths, Hannah, 130
- Griffitts, Hannah, 171, 232
- Grozart, John, 215, 244
- gunpowder, 22, 60, 100–101, 196, 233, 238–40, 334n9
- Guy Fawkes Day, 113, 174
- Hadwen, John, 222
- Hager, Jonathan, 314n29
- Haldimand, Frederick, 89, 91
- Hale, Enoch, 246
- Haliday, Robert Dalway, 92–93
- Hall, George A., 248, 337n35
- Hall, James, 69
- Hall, Walter, 144, 244
- Hallet, Allan, 328n19
- Halliday, Robert, 17
- Hallowell, Benjamin, 158
- Hallowell, Robert, 28
- Hammond, Elnathan, 329n24, 333n64
- Hammond, John Arnold, 232
- Hammond, Nathaniel, 36
- Hancock, John, 40–42, 61, 63–64, 116, 291n26
- Hanway, Jonas, 160
- Harrison, Richard, 28
- Harrower, John, 117
- Harvard University, 206
- health effects, of tea, 158–61
- Henderson, Frederick, 202
- Henry, John Joseph, 22–24
- Henry, Patrick, 19, 57
- Henry, Robert, 213
- herbal tea, 160–61, 316n9
- Heriot, George, 143, 154
- Hewes, George Robert Twelves, 63, 123
- Higginson, Stephen, 144
- Hodgkin, Thomas Brook, 96–97, 150, 302n31
- Holliday, William, 129
- Holly, Israel, 19
- Holt, John, 143, 209
- Holyoke, Edward, 162, 216
- Honyman, Robert, 174, 192
- Hook, John, 254–55, 265, 338n1
- Hopkins, John, 195
- Hopkins, Stephen, 205
- Hosmer, Stephen, 185
- Houghton, Lucretia, 220, 330n27
- Huie, James, 218
- Hulton, Henry, 64, 120, 194
- Humphrey, William, 23
- Hunter, Archibald, 35–36
- Hunter, James, 36, 241, 243
- Hunter, James, Jr., 213
- Hunter, Margaret, 144
- Hutchinson, Ebenezer, 65
- Hutchinson, Elisha, 40, 229
- Hutchinson, Thomas, 61, 64, 70, 88, 93; Boston Tea Party and, 20; enforcement and, 62; as importer, 45–46; smuggling and, 34, 290n16; treason charges and, 67
- Hutchinson, Thomas, Jr., 40, 64, 66, 261
- Hyde, Thomas, 163
- Jackson, Joseph, 42
- Jackson, William, 298n44
- Jamaica, 74, 90, 274, 302n40, 328n14, 342n7
- James, Abel, 79, 173, 261
- Jamieson, Neil, 218, 287n48, 329n21
- Java, 342n10
- Jay, John, 84, 237, 240
- Jefferson, Thomas, 4–5, 196, 264, 271, 323n17
- Jeffry, James, 217–18
- Jenckes, John, 205–6
- Johnson, Christopher, 150
- Johnson, Eleazer, 129
- Johnson, Guy, 228
- Johnson, John, 228
- Johnson, Samuel, 160
- Johnston, William, 218
- Labaree, Benjamin Woods, 40–41, 73
- Labrador tea, 161
- Lamb, John, 325n43
- Laurens, Henry, 18–19, 59, 75, 80–82, 166
- Lawrence, Jonathan, 250
- Leacock, John, 166–67, 169, 256, 318n24
- Leary, John, 144, 244, 244
- Leary, William, 144, 244
- ledgers, merchant, 224–26, 265–67, 331n44
- Lee, Charles, 101, 148
- Lee, Richard Henry, 19, 236
- Lee, William, 81
- Lefferts, Jacobus, 251
- legal distance, 110–12
- Leger, Peter, 13–16, 18, 41–42, 248, 261, 284n4, 285n13
- Legge, Francis, 91, 107, 121–22
- Leonard, Daniel, 145
- Letter to a Friend, Concerning Tea (Wesley), 160
- Liberty riots, 71
- Lilly, Thomas, 204, 204, 214
- Lindsay, Robert, 174
- Lippmann, Walter, 314n29
- Little Hannah (ship), 245–46
- Livingston, Philip, 102
- Lloyd, James, II, 218
- Lockhart, Josiah, 119, 307n21
- Lockhart, Robert, 119, 307n21
- Lockwood, James, 118
- Lockyer, Benjamin, 89–91, 93, 109, 149, 300n6
- London (ship), 13–18, 73, 88, 92, 247, 260; auctioning of tea from, 93; landing of tea from, 31, 288n55; Rivington on, 149; survival of tea from, 336n33
- Long Year of Revolution, The (Norton), 8
- Lopez, Aaron, 101
- Loring, Caleb, 220
- Lott, Abraham, 89, 91, 117, 164, 261, 300n13, 339n11
- Loudon, Samuel, 207
- Low, Isaac, 84, 102
- Low, Jacobus, 221
- Loyalists, 21, 61, 173, 223, 283n8; alarm of, 129–31; Association Test and, 196; censorship and, 207–8; Counter-Associations and, 227–28; downplaying of, 24; failure of tea as symbol for, 228–32; Hutchinson and, 71; legal distance and, 112; women and, 185–87
- Lydia (ship), 41
- Lynch, Charles, 338n1
- Mackenzie, Robert, 174
- Madeira wine, 4–5, 35
- Madison, James, 19, 193, 195
- Magna Charta (ship), 94, 145, 151, 152
- Maier, Pauline, 111
- mail, prohibition and, 209–10
- Maitland, Richard, 109, 112, 124, 151, 152, 305n74, 305n76
- Malcolm, John, 63–64, 67, 70, 74, 115, 153
- Marchant, Henry, 210
- Marshall, Christopher, 233
- Marshfield, Massachusetts, 19–20, 61, 215–16
- Marshfield Resolves, 20, 61
- Marston, John, 155
- Martin, Robert, 208–9
- Martyn, Roger, 148
- Mason, David, 122, 162
- Mason, George, 80
- Mason, Simon, 162
- Massachusetts Government Act, 58, 74–75, 81
- McAulay, Alexander, 244, 244
- McClallen, Robert, 213, 221, 243
- McDougall, Alexander, 91, 100, 119, 236, 325n43
- McKean, Thomas, 75, 238, 240, 262, 334n13, 340n12
- McKim, William, 136
- medical danger, tea as, 158–61
- Mein, John, 41
- Merritt, Jane, 7–8, 284n14
- Messier, Peter, 251
- Mifflin, Sarah, 171, 173–74, 177, 238
- Mifflin, Thomas, 102, 173–74
- Miller, Henry, 154
- Minthorne, Mangil, 250
- Mitchel, Debby, 173
- Mitchell, John, 143, 221, 330n34
- Mollineux, William, 76
- Monk, Henry, 106–7
- Montagu, John, 28
- Montgomery, Richard, 24
- Moore, Thomas William, 144, 155
- Morelli, Francisco, 155
- Morris, Robert, 240
- Mulford, Carla, 166–67
- Munford, Burgess Robert, 112
- Murder Act, 179. See also Administration of Justice Act
- Murray, John, 86
- Murray, Robert, 71–72
- Nancy (ship), 18, 31, 88–93, 100, 246, 255, 300n14
- Nantucket, 216, 328n15
- Nash, Travers, 204
- Netherlands, 33–35, 289n7. See also Dutch East India Company (VOC)
- networks, smuggling, 36–37
- Newcomb, Silas, 212
- Newport, Rhode Island, 136, 141, 216, 219, 221–23, 226; abstention in, 117; censorship and, 208; as conservative, 205; non-importation and, 40; Patriots and, 147; prohibition and, 192
- newspapers, 153–57. See also advertising; censorship
- Newton, John, 107
- New York City, 18, 21, 25, 71, 74, 107; advertising and, 134; consumption in, 219; imports in, 40, 40, 41; Nancy and, 89; Patriots and, 29; payment for tea and, 79; smuggling and, 37, 252
- Nicholas, Robert Carter, 26, 99
- Nichols, Richard, 123
- Nicholson, James, 96–97
- Nixon, Thomas, 105
- non-consumption, 57–58, 113–31; agreement, 17, 284n19; campaign, 120–22; cheating, 42–43; destruction and, 55; enforcement of, 124–28; gradualism of, 116–17; lack of consensus on, 96; leveraging of, 32; Loyalists and, 129–31; in New York, 54; pledges, 41; storage and, 128–29, 309n45; as test of obedience, 60; war and, 31. See also boycotts; prohibition
- non-importation, 87–112
- North, Lord, 62, 70–72, 82, 164, 191, 259
- Norton, John, 5, 110, 284n17, 305n78
- Norton, Mary Beth, 8, 88, 288n49, 319n16
- Norway, 34
- Nova Scotia, 87, 91, 106, 121–22, 244; Continental Congress and, 57; emergent United States and, 3; imports and, 40; payment for tea and, 78; in resale of tea, 260; smuggling and, 90
- O’Brien, William, 150
- Ogg, Alexander, 222, 226
- Oliver, Andrew, 65
- Oliver, June, 76
- Oliver, Peter, 76, 123, 147; Boston Tea Party and, 19, 61; funeral of brother, 65; Labrador tea and, 161; Patriots and, 66, 163; Tea Act and, 45
- Oliver, Peter, Jr., 112
- Osborn, Abner, 218
- Osell, Tedra, 181
- Ostend Company, 39
- Otis, Samuel Allyne, 144
- Paca, William, 163
- Paine, Thomas, 207
- Palfrey, William, 42, 291n26
- Palmer, Joseph P., 146
- Palmer, William, 34
- Paoli (ship), 41
- Parker, James, 193–95
- Parks, John, 125
- Parry, Edward, 109–10, 112, 227
- Patriots, 1–2; advertising and, 143, 146; approval of Boston Tea Party, 19; boycotts and, 26, 59; on Cape Cod, 29; Coercive Acts and, 55–56; Continental Association and, 2, 4; courts and, 66, 76–77; divisiveness of Boston Tea Party and, 20–21; English East India Company and, 46; gunpowder and, 60; importation and, 40–41, 52, 59; intimidation by, 65; Mein and, 41; newspapers and, 153; in Philadelphia, 21, 26; Port Act and, 71; prices and, 7, 249–50; prohibition and, 192–93, 196–97, 208–10; response to payment for tea, 52, 62, 77–78, 81–83; Revenue Act and, 39; salvage of tea from Boston Tea Party and, 29, 31; Stamp Act and, 58; tea consumption and, 32; victimhood politics practiced by, 75. See also Whigs
- payment, for tea from Boston Tea Party, 62, 77–80, 84–86
- Peale, Charles Willson, 162–63, 174, 213, 243, 252
- Pease, Simon, 105, 216, 328n15
- Peggy Stewart (ship), 97–98, 108, 111, 145, 168, 210
- Pemberton, James, 80
- Pendleton, Edmund, 81, 84–85, 112
- Penn, John, 67
- Perkins, James, 215
- Perry, William, 215
- Peter, Robert, 108, 157, 310n51
- Philadelphia, 18, 25–26, 29, 74, 244, 255; Boston Tea Party and, 21; “Dutch tea” and, 107; enforcement in, 197; McKean and, 334n13; non-importation and, 55; payment for tea and, 79–80; Tea Act and, 71; Townshend Acts and, 39–42; trading network in, 222
- Pigg, John, 204
- Pigou, Frederick, 89
- Pigou, Frederick, Jr., 340n11
- Pinckney, Charles, 249
- Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, 173–74
- Pitt, James, 318n7
- Pitt, William, 37
- Plesents, Samuel, 173
- poison, tea as, 159–61
- Pollock, Myer, 196, 323n18
- Polly (ship), 18–19, 26, 31, 88, 106
- poorhouses, 25
- Pope’s Day, 113, 120–21, 154–55, 192, 207
- Port Act. See Boston Port Act
- Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 40, 60, 120–21
- Portsmouth Loyalist Protective Association, 227
- Portugal, 34, 231
- Potts, Nancy, 173
- prices, 7, 31, 44, 102, 275–78, 276–77; controls, riots and, 249–53, 337n37; English East India Company and, 26–27; Patriots and, 225–26, 292n2; taxes and, 33; Townshend Acts and, 42
- Pringle, John, 222, 330n38
- prohibition, 129; advertising and, 134–35; censorship and, 206–9; as conformity, 191–211; Congress debates, 237–42; consumers and, 203–6; enforcement of, 197–206; mail and, 209–10; merchants and, 197–203, 199; in New York, 236–37; patriotism and, 193–97; propaganda and, 210–11. See also non-consumption
- Prohibitory Act, 7, 60, 245
- propaganda: advertising and, 151, 157; Boston relief and, 83; Britain as forcing tea on colonists, 164–69, 165; femininity of tea, 170–71; gendered, 147, 170; prohibition and, 210–11; tea as poison, 159–61; tea as tonic, 161–63
- Providence, Rhode Island, 40, 191
- Purdie, Alexander, 153
- Ramsay, David, 159, 161–63, 179, 182–83
- Randolph, John, 26, 118, 120, 161
- Randolph, Peyton, 112, 198
- Rapalje, Stephen, 244, 244
- Reed, Frederick, 203
- Reed, Joseph, 75, 311n6
- Repeal Act, 41
- Restraining Acts, 107
- Revenue Act, 37, 39, 43, 90, 108
- Revere, Paul, 29, 65, 165, 255
- Reynolds, William, 278
- rhetorical femininity, 181–83
- Richardson, Thomas, 128
- riots, 249–53
- Rivington, James, 144, 149, 154, 187, 207
- Roach, William, 291n26
- Roberdeau, Daniel, 319n10
- Roberdeau, Mary Bostwick, 120, 174, 319n10
- Robertson, Moses, 305n78
- Robinson, Beverley, 85, 227
- Rodney, Caesar, 242
- Rodney, Thomas, 242
- Rotch, Francis, 69
- Routledge, John, 57
- Rowe, John, 77, 297n40
- Ruggles, Timothy, 227
- Rush, Benjamin, 26, 159–60
- Russell, William, 22
- Sally (ship), 104
- Sansom, Hannah Callender, 172
- Savage, L., 128–29
- Sayward, Jonathan, 107
- Schaw, Janet, 122, 231
- Schlesinger, Arthur, 208
- Scott, John Morin, 325n43
- Seabury, Samuel, 27, 96, 99, 130–31, 182, 185, 197
- Sears, Isaac, 91, 237, 250, 325n43
- SEIC. See Swedish East India Company (SEIC)
- Serle, Ambrose, 211
- Seven Years’ War, 1
- Sewall, Jonathan, 65, 130, 145
- Shaw, Nathaniel, 243
- Shedden, Robert, 99
- Shoemaker, Becky, 172
- Short, Thomas, 160
- Sigmond, G. G., 160
- Skene, Andrew, 218
- Sleight, Johannes, 251
- Smith, Barbara Clark, 111, 251
- Smith, Christopher, 236
- Smith, Richard, 239, 337n35
- Smith, Roger, 13, 15–16, 143, 154, 248, 284n4, 313n19
- Smith, Stephen, 222
- Smith, William, 106–7, 119, 326n54, 339n2
- Smithwick, John, 104
- smuggling, 33–37, 258–59, 271–73, 290n11, 334n9, 341n7. See also “Dutch tea”
- Soley, John, 215, 327n8
- Sons of Liberty, 29, 42, 91, 94, 119, 213; advertising and, 152; committees and, 111; Curling and, 17; imports and, 53; London and, 13; newspapers and, 150; non-consumption and, 54; Patriots and, 112; women and, 183
- Southwick, Solomon, 141
- Spain, 34
- Sprowle, Andrew, 5, 283n12
- Stacks, Henry, 123
- Stamp Act Congress, 57
- Stamp Act protests, 58, 71
- St. Croix, 36, 100–101
- St. Eustatius, 36, 104, 106, 216, 222–23, 334n9
- Stewart, Anthony, 108
- Stiles, Benjamin, 204–5
- Stoneman, Abigail, 315n43
- storage, of tea, 128–29, 309n45
- Suffolk Resolves, 58, 77
- Sukey (ship), 246
- Swan (ship), 89, 100
- Sweden, 34–35, 46, 289n7
- Swedish East India Company (SEIC), 35, 289n7
- Taliaferro, Lawrence, 162
- Tanner, William, 36, 101
- Tate, John, 218
- Tate, Nahum, 162
- taxes, 4, 14, 17, 23, 33–34
- tax reform, 37–39
- tax regimes, 300n9
- Taylor, John, 219
- Taylor, Nathaniel, 94
- Tea Act, 33, 43–46, 59, 86, 93, 256; Boston Tea Party and, 69; boycotts and, 85; consumption and, 271; Dartmouth and, 71; “Dutch tea” and, 52; mechanics of, 102; Patriots and, 79; Port Act and, 74; as precedent, 326n54; propaganda and, 211; resolves opposing, 19; and symbolism of tea, 24; William and, 88; women and, 182
- tea parties (social event), 171
- Telfair, Edward, 213–14, 232
- Tennent, William, 51, 159, 179
- Thanksgiving, 21–22
- Thatcher, James, 257–58
- Thomas, Isaiah, 144
- Thomas, John, 251, 338nn43–44
- Thomson, Charles, 210
- Thomson, George, 151
- Thurlow, Edward, 68–69
- Timothy, Peter, 53, 285n13, 292n4, 292n6, 301n22; advertising and, 143, 151, 155; Charleston Tea Party and, 14–15; Patriots and, 20; William and, 29
- tonic, tea as, 161–63
- Tonyn, Patrick, 105
- Townsend, David, 200
- Townshend, Charles, 37
- Townshend Acts, 33, 37–42, 40, 259, 272
- Trade Act, 60, 245
- treason, Tea Party as, 67–69
- Treason Act, 67
- Trouble with Tea, The: The Politics of Consumption in the Eighteenth-Century Global Economy (Merritt), 7–8
- Tryon, William, 46, 89, 91–92, 164, 300n14
- Tucker, Daniel, 144, 154
- Tucker, Samuel, 239
- Tudor, William, 77
- Van Buskirk, Abraham, 247, 249, 336n33
- Van Liew, Frederick, 220
- Van Neste, Abraham, 243
- van Oudermeulen, Cornelis, 289n5
- Vassall, William, Sr., 117, 216, 328n14
- Vernon, Samuel, 36, 101, 232
- Vernon, Thomas, 222, 232, 243
- Vernon, William, 36, 101, 232, 333n64
- Virginia Association, 56, 80, 103, 198
- Virginia Meeting of Merchants, 5
- Virginia Non-Importation Agreement, 56
- Virginia Resolves, 40
- VOC. See Dutch East India Company (VOC)
- Waglom, Peter, 202
- Wakefield, James, 108–9, 151
- Wallace, Alexander, 221
- Wallace, Andrew, 137
- Wallace, Charles, 98
- Wallace, Hugh, 221
- Wallace, Michael, 112
- Walley, Thomas, 94
- Waln, Betsey, 172
- Waln, Sukey, 172
- Wanton, Joseph, 205
- Wanton, Joseph, Jr., 205
- Ward, Samuel, 205
- Ward, William, 229, 233
- War of 1812, 271
- Warren, Joseph, 63, 76
- Warren, Mercy Otis, 178, 180–81
- Warwick, Anthony, 112
- Washington, George, 19, 55, 120, 174, 183, 246–47, 286n23
- Watson, Ebenezer, 143, 155
- Watts, John, 103
- Weatherburn, John, 241
- Wedderburn, Alexander, 68–69
- Wells, Robert, 207
- Welsh, Francis, 223
- Wentworth, John, 95, 105, 117, 120–21, 227
- Wesley, John, 160–61
- Westerly, Rhode Island, 128
- Wharton, Samuel, 34, 261
- Wharton, Thomas, Sr., 261
- Wheatley, Nathaniel, 291n26
- Whigs, 54, 74, 78. See also Patriots
- White, Henry, 45, 89–90, 261, 340n12
- Whitfield, George, 182
- Whitney, Sylvanus, 191
- wholesale, 221–24
- William (ship), 18, 31, 73, 88, 255–56, 260, 269, 288n57; abstention and, 118; Boston Tea Party and, 29, 52; non-importation and, 95; Patriots and, 64, 79; Port Act and, 70–71, 93, 164; sale of tea from, 215, 341n3; salvage from, 28
- Williams, Elisha, 162
- Williams, Thomas, 98, 144–45
- Williamson, Hugh, 69
- Willing, Thomas, 237
- wine, Madeira, 4–5, 35
- wine smuggling, 36
- Winslow, Elizabeth, 216
- Winslow, Isaac, 298n44
- Winslow, Joshua, 72, 78, 216
- Withington, Ebenezer, 125–26, 201, 309n43
- Wolcott, Oliver, 178
- Wolfe, James, 23
- women: class and, 177–78; courtship and, 172; emasculating, 183–85; gendering of tea and, 178–80; in propaganda, 147, 170; resistance to gendering and, 180–81; rhetorical femininity and, 181–83; tea consumption by, 171–74; in tea politics, 174–76
- Wood, Gordon, 169
- woolens, 46
- Woolsey, George, 222, 330n38
- Worcester, Massachusetts, 27
- Worrell, Isaiah, 201
- Wright, James, 228
- Wright, Susanna, 219
- Wright, Susannah, 130