Index
Page numbers in italics indicate figures, tables, and charts.
ABC Supply, 54
Adolph Coors Foundation, 157
African Americans: Jim Crow segregation of, 21, 36, 187, 215, 229, 280n54; slavery, convict leasing as replacement for, 164; slavery, incarceration recognized by US Constitution as form of, 141–42. See also black/brown communities
alcohol abuse. See substance abuse
Allen, Jeanne, 90
Allen, Paul, 64
Alliance for School Choice, 56, 65, 66
Alliance to Reclaim Our Schools (AROS), 52–53
American Bail Coalition, 157
American Bankers Association, 157
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 170
American Enterprise Institute, 57, 93, 233
American Federation for Children, 56, 65, 66, 84–85
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), 20–21; Constitution, efforts to rewrite, 223, 224; criminal justice system and, 154–59, 163–64, 165; Doctrine of Corporate Greed agenda, driving, 93; funding of, 157–58; immigration controls and, 205–6, 207; military-industrial complex and, 222; organizational power, leveraging, 233; school privatization and, 56, 65–66, 96, 100, 260n38
American Petroleum Institute, 157
American values and immigration controls, 184–88, 201, 215, 220
Americans for Prosperity, 56, 93, 233
Americans for Tax Reform, 93, 233
America’s Most Wanted (TV show), 122
amnesty for immigrants, opposition to, 207, 208
Amway, 54
Angola, Constitution of, 246–47
Anschutz, Philip, 86
Arizona: Maricopa Co. sheriff’s department, anti-immigrant actions of, 190–91, 195, 198, 204; relocated seniors and undocumented immigrants in, 188–97; SB 1070 (state immigration law), 190, 191, 197–98, 205–7, 209, 213
Arpaio, Joe, 190–91, 195, 198, 204–5
Article V constitutional convention, 223–25, 241–43
Aspire Public Schools, 59, 60, 73
“astroturf” organizations, 236
asylum process, 185
balanced budget amendment (BBA) proposals, 224, 242, 248
Baldwin, James, The Negro and the American Promise, 30, 31–32
Ballmer, Steve, 64
Baltimore: criminal justice in, 127–28; public schools in, 43, 127–28
Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, 158
Barclays, 161
Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, 158
Basic American Foods, 158
basic human needs, cheaper alternatives to meeting: criminal justice system as, 165–66; immigration controls as, 211–13
Bast, Joseph, 100
Behavioral Interventions Incorporated, 210
Belgium, Constitution of, 245
Bellwether Education Partners, 56
Biden, Joe, 256n26
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. See Gates, Bill, and Gates Foundation
bill of rights, student, 107–10
Black Alliance for Educational Options, 56
Black Lives Matter, ix–x, 25, 117, 155, 166, 168
Black Panther Party, 168
black/brown communities: defined, 255n1; democratic process, experience of, 18; enhanced police presence in, 114–15, 117, 123–24, 123–26; environmental degradation, disproportionately suffering from, 18; strategic/systemic racism, experience of, 10–19; substance abuse criminalized in, 13, 120, 121, 126, 129, 141; workplace and wages, experience of, 17–18. See also criminal justice system; education and school privatization; immigration controls
Bloody Sunday, 1
Bloomberg, Michael, and Bloomberg News, 60, 64, 85, 164
BNP Paribas, 161
Borden Milk Company, 158
Bracero Program, 211
Bradley family/Bradley Foundation, 55, 65, 66, 157, 207
Braveheart (film), 184
Brazil, Constitution of, 245–46
Broad, Eli, and Broad Foundation, 54, 60, 73, 85
Broad Center for the Management of School Systems, 58, 61
“broken windows” policy: in criminal justice, 118, 126, 130, 155; defined, 268n11; in school discipline, 75
Brookings Institution, 57
Brown, David, 139
Brown v. Board of Education, 36, 81
Builder Marts of America, 157
Bush, George H. W., 169
California Charter Schools Association, 61
Camden (NJ) City Public Schools, 43
Castle Rock Foundation, 157
Cato Institute, 57, 93, 212, 233
Center for American Progress, 57
Center for Education Reform, 56, 66, 67, 89, 90
Chalkbeat, 62
Chamber of Commerce, US, 93, 157
Charter School Growth Fund, 58, 59, 73, 74
charter schools. See education and school privatization
Chavez, Cesar, 228
Chicago: criminal justice in, 124, 127, 151, 153; Public Schools, 10–12, 43, 46, 62, 73, 74, 258n23
Chilean school system, 99, 101
Chopin, Donald, 51
Citizens United decision, 29, 247
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VI, 52
civil rights movement, 1, 11, 166, 168, 222
Cleveland Metropolitan School District, 43
Clinton, Bill, 170, 203, 214, 256n26
CNN, 204
Cohen & Steers, 158
Colorado League of Charter Schools, 61
colorblind/post-racial society, myth of, 25
Columbine High School shooting, 125
Common Core curriculum, 96
community equity assemblies, 235–36
community policing, 175
Comparative Constitutions Project, 244
CompStat, 155
Congo (Democratic Republic), Constitution of, 245–46
Connor, Bull, 1
Constitution, US: balanced budget amendment (BBA) proposals, 224, 242, 248; Convention of States (COS) initiative, 224, 242, 248; First Amendment, 247; grassroots multiracial reform of, 242–48; incarceration recognized as form of slavery by, 141–42; judicial interpretation of, 243–44; Nineteenth Amendment, 229; “opulent minority,” protection of, 226; ultra-wealthy efforts to rewrite, 223–25, 241–43; world Constitutions compared, 244–47
Continental Cablevision, 85
Continental Resources, 54
Contract with America, 169
Convention of States (COS) initiative, 224, 242, 248
Coors Brewing Company, 157
Cops (TV show), 122
CoreCivic (formerly Corrections Corporation of America or CCA), 156, 158, 161, 162, 205–6, 209
Corporate America. See the ultra-wealthy
Corporate Greed, Doctrine of, 92–93, 96, 101, 224
Corrections Corporation of America (CCA; now CoreCivic), 156, 158, 161, 162, 205–6, 209
COVID-19 pandemic, 26
criminal justice system, 111–83; aggressive tactics and force, police/prosecutorial use of, 115–16, 126–28, 137; ALEC and, 154–59, 163–64, 165; basic human needs, as cheaper alternative to meeting, 165–66; black/brown versus white experience of, 12–13, 112–13, 114–17, 130–31, 172; “broken windows” policy, 118, 126, 130, 155, 268n11; community policing, 175; cost-effectiveness compared to investment in equitable society, 165–66; crimes/criminal behavior, defining, 18–129, 149; Criminalization Trap, 118–19, 134, 149–50, 154, 155, 171, 172, 182, 183; defunding, right-sizing, and reinvestment in community services, 176–81; democratic control over, restoring, 181–83; democratic process harmed by, 166–67, 168; education, investment in, 177–78, 180–81; enhanced police presence in black/brown communities, 114–15, 117, 123–24, 123–26; fixability of, 171–83; individual bias of police officers, effects of, 125–26; “law and order” policies, 118, 122, 169; in media/entertainment, 114–15, 122–23, 134–35, 156; “police first” approach to, 112–13, 119, 135–39, 136, 178; preferential treatment of ultra-wealthy by, 160; racial hierarchy, preserving, 168–69; racial/class solidarity, impeding, 167–68; racism in, denials of, 155, 156; racism of, 149–50; resource investment in, 13, 17, 135–36, 136, 150–51, 151–53; safety, white association of police with, 114, 117, 124–25, 134–35; safety and harm avoidance, emphasizing, 173–76, 183; schools, police presence in, 12, 113, 114, 125, 129; school-to-prison pipeline, 49–50, 80, 112, 129, 130, 201; short-term beneficiaries of, 154; social conditions of crime, addressing, 132–34, 165–66, 176–81; “stop and frisk,” 115, 126–27, 128, 129–30, 155–56, 174; “tough on crime” stance, 12–13, 118, 122, 123, 129–32, 154, 159, 167, 169–70, 189; ultra-wealthy benefits from, 20, 160–71; ultra-wealthy involvement in, 151, 154–59; universal benefits in improving, 28; victims and survivors of crime, 176, 178–79; war/warrior mentality, adoption of, 116–17, 122; “zero tolerance” stance, 118. See also mass incarceration
Criminalization Trap: criminal justice system and, 118–19, 134, 149–50, 154, 155, 171, 172, 182, 183; immigration controls and, 185, 198–201, 200, 216, 217, 222, 279–80n38; “war on terror” and, 222
Cruz, Ted, 208
Customs and Border Protection, US, 210
Declaration of Independence, 250
Declaration of Interdependence, 250–52
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA), 14, 192
defunding criminal justice system, 176
Dell, Michael, and Dell Computers, 54, 66, 73
DeMint, Jim, 224
democratic process: ALEC’s efforts to undermine, 21; criminal justice system, restoring democratic control over, 181–83; criminal justice system undermining, 166–67, 168; current degradation of, 26, 29; immigration controls limiting, 213; school privatization undermining, 51, 78–79, 81; ultra-wealthy, as means of defeating, 227–27; white versus black/brown experience of, 18
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Constitution of, 246
Democrats: criminal justice system and, 140, 154, 169–70, 171; immigration controls and, 203, 214, 216; school privatization and, 39, 73, 88, 92, 99; ultra-wealthy, path to defeating, 227
Democrats for Education Reform, 56, 88
Denver: criminal justice in, 124, 151, 153; school privatization in, 60, 62, 63
detention centers for immigrants: as cheap labor, 211; mass incarceration of immigrants in, 199, 200, 209–10, 217; proposal to eliminate, 217
Detroit Public Schools, 43
Dirty Harry (film), 122
disabilities, students with, 39, 47–48, 95
District of Columbia Public Schools. See Washington, DC, school system
diversity, positive advantages of, 28–29
“divide and conquer” strategies, 30–34, 229
Doctrine of Corporate Greed, 92–93, 96, 101, 224
Donald, Heather Mac, War on Cops, 155
“Dreamer,” 14
drug abuse. See substance abuse
Ecuador, Constitution of, 246
education and school privatization, 35–110; advantages attributed to privatization, 66–72; ALEC and, 65–66, 96, 100, 260n38; alternative visions of excellence and equity, 103–11; antidemocratic measures used in, 51, 78–79, 81; black/brown experience of, 10–12, 35–37; charter schools regarded as public schools, 39*, 88–89; closures of public schools and, 10–12, 42, 43, 51, 68; Common Core curriculum and, 96; community backlashes against, 52–53; community health and well-being, harm to, 45–46, 51; cost of charters versus public schools, 72; crime prevention through school investment, 177–78, 180–81; disabilities, students with, 39, 47–48, 95; disciplinary measures, suspensions, and expulsions, 49–50, 68, 73–75, 80; efficient versus high-quality equitable education, leading to, 100–103; equal access issues, 10–12, 81; failing public schools, claims of, 83–84, 85; future effects of, 100–103; goals of privatization movement, 99–100; impact on public school systems, 41–53, 43, 110–12; innovativeness of charter schools, claims regarding, 44, 52, 71, 86–87, 90; limited options, presentation of, 90; marginalization of opposing voices, 79, 89–90, 90; marketing of charter schools, 83, 84, 87–89; media involvement in, 60, 61, 86, 89; “no-excuses” charter schools, 72–76, 79; overall education, harm to, 48–53; parental demand claims, 87–88; police presence in schools, 12, 113, 114, 125, 129; racial justice claims regarding, 84–86; racism of privatization movement, 77–82; resource investment in, 13, 50, 55–63, 59, 60, 73, 96–97; right to education, 104, 107, 244; school board elections and, 63–64; “school choice,” concept of, 39–41, 81; school-to-prison pipeline, 49–50, 80, 112, 129, 130, 201; standardized test scores and, 69–71, 74, 76, 96; STEM curriculum, focus on, 95; student bill of rights, 107–10; student services and, 96–97; students, harm to, 47; surviving public schools, harm to, 46–47; teacher quality and pay issues, 96–97; teacher strikes and walkouts, 53; ultra-wealthy benevolence, myth of, 90, 98–99; ultra-wealthy involvement in/benefits from, 20, 53–66, 56, 57, 59–62, 90–99; underfunding of public schools, 64; union-busting and, 72, 80–81, 95; universal benefits to improving, 27; [white] support for, generating, 40–41, 44, 82–90, 90. See also specific school systems
Education Department, US, 52, 58, 74, 266n145
Education for Excellence, 56
Education Reform Now, 56
Education Trust, 56
Education Writers Association, 62
Education/Education Week, Editorial Projects in, 62
Egypt, Constitution of, 246
Ehrlichman, John, 169
Eisenhower, Dwight, 208
Electoral College, 226
Emanuel, Rahm, 10, 11–12, 46, 73, 256n26
employment. See workplace and wages
English learners, 36, 47, 72, 108, 179
environment: black/brown communities disproportionately suffering from degradation of, 18; clean/renewable energy investments and “green jobs,” 284n34; right to protection/conservation of, 244; ultra-wealthy benefiting from degradation of, 19; universal benefits in improving, 28
ExxonMobil, 157
families and children: harm caused by mass incarceration to, 143, 171; immigrant children, incarceration of, 218; immigration and family unification policy, 185; school-to-deportation pipeline, 201
Families for Excellent Schools, 56, 84, 85
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): civil rights movement, efforts to discredit/criminalize, 168; “Secure Communities” program, 198, 200
Federalist Society, 233
First Amendment, 247
Fisher family (Doris, Donald, and John), 55, 64, 85
Floyd, George, ix, 15, 117, 176
FMR LLC, 158
Fortune magazine, 60
Foundation for Excellence in Education, 56, 67, 89, 90, 100
Frank, Anne, The Diary of Anne Frank, 197
freedom/liberty, ultra-wealthy redefining, 237–28
Friedman, Milton, 37
Gap, 55
Gary (IN) Community School Corporation, 43
Gates, Bill, and Gates Foundation: ALEC, membership in, 20; criminal justice system and, 157; school privatization and, 54, 63, 64, 65, 73, 78, 86, 100
GEO Group, 156, 158, 161, 162, 209–10
Gingrich, Newt, 169
GoFundMe, 27
Grassroots Leadership Academy (Koch network), 236
grassroots multiracial social movements, 228–32, 233–36, 235, 242–49
Great Schools Massachusetts, 85
Greensboro lunch counter sit-ins, 166
Griffin, Ken, 54
Hamm, Harold, 54
Hazleton, Pa., anti-immigrant ordinance in, 197–98
health care: mass incarceration and, 162; poor resource investment in, 13; right to, 244; ultra-wealthy benefiting from current system of, 19; universal benefits in improving, 27–28
Heartland Institute, 100
Hendricks, Diane, 54
Heritage Foundation, 57, 93, 155–56, 157, 159, 202, 207, 224, 233
Hispanic/Latinx community. See black/brown communities; immigration controls
Hitler, Adolf, 65
Homan, Thomas, 197
homelessness, 112–13, 135, 178
Horton, Willie, 169
Hostetter, Amos, 85
Idea Public Schools, 59, 60, 73
ignorance, viewed as main obstacle to racial injustice, 1–2, 6, 24
Illinois Network of Charter Schools, 61
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE): aggressive practices of, 3, 195, 196, 197, 198, 213, 217; FBI “Secure Communities” program and, 198, 200; immigrant fear of, 14; partnering with state and local law enforcement agencies (287(g) agreements), 191, 198, 200; proposed abolition of, 217; resource investment in, 17; ultra-wealthy, contracts with, 210
immigration controls, 184–220; ALEC and, 205–6, 207; American values and, 184–88, 201, 215, 220; anti-sanctuary and anti-amnesty provisions, 205, 207, 208; Arizona, relocated seniors and undocumented immigrants in, 188–97; asylum process, 185; basic human needs, as cheaper alternative to meeting, 211–13; black/brown experience of, 192–97, 198; cheap labor and, 202, 206, 210–12, 218; Criminalization Trap and, 185, 198–201, 200, 216, 217, 222, 279–80n38; degrading and inhumane treatment of detained immigrants, 3, 190, 212–13; demilitarization of US-Mexico border, 218; democratic process, limiting, 213; “do no harm” approach to, 217–18; Dreamers and DACA program, 14, 192; economic and political factors driving immigration, 201–3; experience of, 13–14; family separation, fear of/reality of, 192–95; family unification policy, 185; federal anti-immigrant measures, 198; fixability of, 215–21; “Juan Crow” discrimination, eliminating, 215, 216–17; “law and order” policies in, 199; mass incarceration, 199, 200, 209–10, 217; open border proposals and global citizenship, 219; political elections and, 214; privatization and expansion of enforcement of, 209–10; public support for, engendering, 203–5, 213–14; racial hierarchy, preserving, 214; racial/class solidarity, impeding, 213–14; racism/xenophobia of, 198, 203–4, 215; resource investment in, 199, 200, 218–19; school-to-deportation pipeline, 201; state and local anti-immigrant laws, 190, 191, 197–98, 205–7, 209, 213; ultra-wealthy and, 20, 202, 205–14; US-Mexico border wall, 210; viable legal pathways, relative lack of, 186–87; “violent” and “dangerous,” immigrants characterized as, 200, 207. See also detention centers for immigrants
incarceration. See criminal justice system; mass incarceration
Indianapolis Public Schools, 43
innovativeness of charter schools, claims regarding, 44, 52, 71, 86–87, 90
Jackson, Tatanisha and Janelle, 37–39, 74
Japanese Americans, internment of, 187
Jaquelin Hume Foundation, 158
Jim Crow segregation, 21, 36, 187, 215, 229, 280n54
JM Foundation, 158
John M. Olin Foundation, 158
John Templeton Foundation, 158
Jones, Anna, 10–12, 14, 20, 73, 74
Journey for Justice Alliance, 90; Death by a Thousand Cuts, 89
Justice Alliance/We Choose Campaign, 52
K12, Inc., 96
Kansas, tax cuts and school system underfunding in, 64
Kansas City (MO) School District, 43
KB Homes, 54
Kheperu, Kamau, 50
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 166, 168, 228; “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 231; “Vietnam Speech,” 222
KIPP, 58, 59, 60, 73, 74–76, 97
Klarman, Seth, 85
Koch family, Koch Industries, and Koch Foundation: ALEC, membership in, 20; Constitution, efforts to rewrite, 223, 224, 225; criminal justice system and, 158–59, 164, 170; Grassroots Leadership Academy created by, 236; immigrant controls and, 207, 212; school privatization and, 54, 60, 64, 65, 78, 85, 97–100, 102, 260n38, 260n42
labor. See unions; workplace and wages
Lafer, Gordon, The One Percent Solution, 100
Latin America, US economic/political destabilization of, 201–2
Latinx/Hispanic community. See black/brown communities; immigration controls
“law and order” policies: in criminal justice system, 118, 122, 169; in immigration controls, 199
law enforcement. See criminal justice system
Learn4Life schools, California, 49
LGBTQIA+, 15*, 34, 230, 231, 237, 248
Liberatory Communities, investment in, 238–41, 239–40
liberty/freedom, ultra-wealthy redefining, 237–28
Little Rock, AR, integration of schools in, 1
Loeb, Daniel, 79
Los Angeles: police presence in, 124, 151, 153; Unified School District, 43, 44, 64
Luntz, Frank, 84
Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation. See Bradley family/Bradley Foundation
Madison, James, 226
Malone, Yvonne, 50
mandatory minimum sentencing, 140, 155, 156, 271n50
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, 155, 156, 157, 159
marriage equality movement, 230, 231
Martinez, Ricardo, 257n1
mass incarceration, 139–49; cheap labor from, 163–65, 211; confusing punishment with accountability, 147–48; development of, since 1970s, 111–12, 145, 146, 172; economic opportunities provided by, 161–66; families and children, harm caused to, 143, 171; hiring of formerly incarcerated persons, 164; of immigrants, 199, 200, 209–10, 217; indiscriminate harms caused by, 141–44, 146, 148, 149; ineffectiveness as crime control measure, 118, 138, 144–49; KIPP schools resembling tactics of, 75; phasing out, 146, 148–49; private prison corporations and, 156, 158, 161–62; racism of, 140–41, 270n48; slavery, recognized by US Constitution as form of, 141–42; substance abuse and, 138, 141, 146; ultra-wealthy and, 156, 158, 159, 161–66. See also criminal justice system
Massachusetts charter schools ballot initiative, 85, 88
Mastery Charter Schools, 59, 60, 73
Mayer, Jane, Dark Money, 98–99
McCain, John, 80
Mellon family, foundations, and corporations, 157, 158, 207
Menard, John, Jr., and Menard’s, 54
Miami: criminal justice in, 124, 127, 151, 153; Miami-Dade Co. Public Schools, 43
Microsoft, 54, 64, 65–66, 165, 210. See also Gates, Bill, and Gates Foundation
military-industrial complex, 221–22
Moskowitz, Eva, 90
Motorola, 210
Movement for Black Lives, 52, 89
multiracial grassroots social movements, 228–32, 233–36, 235, 242–49
Murdoch, Rupert, 60
National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, 146
National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, 56, 84, 89, 90
National Association of Public Charter Schools, 67
National Public Radio, 62
National Research Council, 144
National Rifle Association (NRA), 156, 158, 159, 233
National Tin Plate Company, 158
Native Americans, displacement of, 187
Network for Public Education, 53
New Orleans: charter school system, 37–39, 44, 48, 74, 99, 100–101; Hurricane Katrina in, 37, 44, 202
New Schools Venture Fund, 59
New York, criminal justice in, 124, 126–27, 151, 153, 155, 160
New York Post, 60
Newark, NJ: criminal justice in, 127; school system in, 43, 50, 63, 78
NewSchools Venture Fund, 58, 73, 74
Nike, 165
Nineteenth Amendment, 229
No Child Left Behind Act (2001), 70, 82, 84
Noble Network schools, 59, 60, 73–74
“no-excuses” charter schools, 72–76
North American Fair Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 202
Northern Trust, 158
Northrop Grumman, 222
Oakland Unified School District, 43
Office of Civil Rights, US Department of Education, 52
open border proposals, 219
Orwell, George, 1984, 116
“paid detail units,” 160
Pakistan, Constitution of, 245
Palantir, 210
Palm Beach Co. (FL) public schools, 44
Parent Revolution, 56
Participant Media, 86
People magazine, 60
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), 157
Philadelphia School District, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50, 60, 62, 63, 78
Philadelphia Schools Partnership, 62
Pinochet, Augusto, 99
Pittsburgh school system, 45, 47
policies for racial justice, 236–37
policing. See criminal justice system
political candidates: “tough on crime” stance, 169–70; “tough on immigrants” approach, 214; ultra-wealthy, political contributions by, 78–79, 159, 160, 207–8
post-racial/colorblind society, myth of, 25
prison. See criminal justice system; mass incarceration
Pritzker, J. B., 73
privatization of schools. See education and school privatization
Prudential Financial, 158
public schools. See education and school privatization
Puente Human Rights Movement, 195
Quiles, Nathan, 47
racism. See strategic/systemic racism
Rauner, Bruce, 73
Reason Foundation, 155–56, 157, 159
Reconstruction era, 11
Rees, Nina, 90
Republicans: criminal justice system and, 140, 154, 159, 169, 171; immigration controls and, 205, 207–8, 214, 216; school privatization and, 39, 42, 73, 83, 92, 97; ultra-wealthy, path to defeating, 224, 227
restorative justice programs, 180
Rhee, Michelle, 90
right to education, 104, 107, 244
right-to-work laws, 210
Robertson, Julian, and Robertson Foundation, 55, 85
Robinson, Irene, 46
Robinson, Ken, 105
Rocketship charter schools, 59, 60
Rodney Fund, 158
Roe Foundation, 157
Romney, Mitt, 80
runaways, 113
Ruth & Lovett Peters Foundation, 158
Saint Louis City Public Schools, 43
San Antonio Independent School District, 43
sanctuary policies, efforts to outlaw, 205, 207
Sanders, Bernie, 239
SB 1070 (Arizona immigration law), 190, 191, 197–98, 206, 207, 209, 213
Scaife family and Scaife Foundations, 157, 207
schools and school privatization. See education and school privatization
school-to-deportation pipeline, 201
school-to-prison pipeline, 49–50, 80, 112, 129, 130, 201
Schwab, Charles, 54
“Secure Communities” program, 198, 200
Selma, march on, 1
Sesame Street (TV show), 171
Silicon Valley Community Foundation, 54, 85
Skoll, Jeff, 86
slavery: convict leasing as replacement for, 164; incarceration recognized by US Constitution as form of, 141–42
social movements, multiracial and grassroots, 228–32, 233–36, 235, 242–49
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 168
Stalin, Joseph, 65
standardized test scores, 69–71, 74, 76, 96
Starbucks, 165
State Policy Network, 57, 93, 159, 233
State Street Corporation, 158
states’ rights arguments, 280n54
Statue of Liberty, 185
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) curriculum, 95
“stop and frisk,” 115, 126–27, 128, 129–30, 155–56, 174
strategic/systemic racism, 1–34; black/brown communities, defined, 255n1; black/brown versus white middle-class experience of, 10–19; community and legal efforts against, 1–4; defined, 5–6; differences between, 6–7; “divide and conquer” strategy, overturning, 30–34; fixability of, 8; ignorance viewed as primary engine of, 1–2, 6, 24; interdependence, acknowledging, 250–52; miseducation into, 24–26; other marginalized communities and, 15*; public recognition of/protests against, ix–x; ultra-wealthy benefiting from, 19–21; ultra-wealthy intentional promotion of, 3–7; universal benefits in defeating, 7–9, 26–30, 223; white, defined, 255n5; white Americans’ need for awareness of, 7–8; white Americans’ role in defeating, 33–34, 230–32, 256nn27–28; white complicity in, 21–24, 230–31. See also criminal justice system; education and school privatization; immigration controls; the ultra-wealthy
student bill of rights, 107–10
substance abuse: criminalization of, in black/brown communities, 13, 120, 121, 126, 129, 141; immigrant controls and, 200–201; mass incarceration and, 138, 141, 146; “police first” approach to, 135, 136, 139; prevalence of, 268n12; as public health problem, in white communities, 141; school-to-prison pipeline and, 112; “war on drugs,” 116, 122, 169, 200–201
Success Academy, 59, 60, 73, 79, 89, 90
SunAmerica, 54
SunTrust, 161
Sweden, Constitution of, 244–45
Switzerland, Constitution of, 246
systemic racism. See strategic/systemic racism
Taken (films), 184
teachers: quality and pay issues, 96–97; union-busting, school privatization and, 72, 80–81, 95. See also education and school privatization
terror/terrorism, 204, 222, 280n55
Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 57, 66
Thomson Reuters, 210
three strikes laws, 140, 155, 156, 271n50
3M, 162
Tiger Foundation, 55
Time Inc./Time magazine, 60
“tough on crime” stance, 12–13, 118, 122, 123, 129–32, 154, 159, 167, 169–70, 189
“tough on immigrants” strategy, 189, 198, 214, 218
transformative justice programs, 180
Trump, Donald: criminal justice system and, 168, 169; immigration controls and, 185, 197, 203, 205, 210, 214; school privatization and, 80, 84, 96, 266n145
Truth in Sentencing Act, 155
truth-in-sentencing laws, 140, 155, 156, 271n50
Tuskegee syphilis study, 77
the ultra-wealthy, 221–49; benefits of strategic racism to, 19–21; benevolent intentions, myth of, 90, 98–99, 170–71; Constitution, efforts to rewrite, 223–25, 241–43; criminal justice system, benefits from, 20, 160–71; criminal justice system, involvement in, 151, 154–59; dangers posed to society as a whole by, 8; defined, 4†; democratic process as means of defeating, 227–27; “divide and conquer” strategies of, 30–34, 229; Doctrine of Corporate Greed agenda and, 92–93; freedom/liberty, redefining, 237–28; grassroots multiracial social movements versus, 228–32, 233–36, 235, 242–49; immigration controls and, 20, 202, 205–14; intentional promotion of strategic racism by, 3–7, 221–23; Liberatory Communities versus, 238–41, 239–40; mass incarceration and, 156, 158, 159, 161–66; military-industrial complex and, 221–22; organizational power of, 232–33; policies reducing influence of, 236–37; political contributions by, 78–79, 159, 160, 207–8; preferential treatment by criminal justice system, 160; school privatization and, 20, 53–66, 56, 57, 59–62, 90–99; white Americans’ role in defeating, 230–32. See also specific individuals, foundations, and corporations
undocumented immigrants. See immigration controls
Union Steel, 158
unions: right to join, 244; school privatization as means of busting, 72, 80–81, 95; ultra-wealthy opposition to, 210
Uplift Education, 59
US Bancorp, 161
Vance, Cyrus, Jr., 160
Vanguard Group, 158
Verizon, 165
Victoria’s Secret, 165
Vietnam anti-war movement, 222
Violent Crime Control and Enforcement Act (1994), 170
voucher programs. See education and school privatization
wages. See workplace and wages
Waiting for Superman (film), 86, 89
Walden Media, 86
Wall Street executives. See the ultra-wealthy
Wallace, Carmen, 50
Wallace, George, 1
Walmart, 54, 65–66, 87, 163, 165
Walton family/Walton Family Foundation, 20, 54, 64, 65–66, 78, 85, 100, 157
“war on drugs,” 116, 122, 169, 200–201
“war on terror,” 222
Warren, Elizabeth, 239
Washington, DC, school system, 43, 49, 51–52, 79
Washington Post, 79
Washington State school system, 64
wealth inequality in America, 19–20
wealth tax, 239
wedge issues, 167
Whole Foods, 165
William E. Simon Foundation, 158
William H. Donner Foundation, 158
Winfrey, Oprah, 79
women/women’s rights, 15*, 171, 190, 229–30, 231, 243, 246, 248
Won’t Back Down (film), 86
workplace and wages: black/brown experience of, 17–18; “green jobs,” 284n34; hiring of formerly incarcerated persons, 164; immigrant controls and cheap labor, 202, 206, 210–12, 218; mass incarceration and cheap labor, 163–65; right-to-work laws, 210; ultra-wealthy benefiting from current system of, 19; universal benefits in improving, 27; white complicity in, 22; world constitutional protections for, 17–18
Wright, Eric, 46