Index

Abilene, Kansas, 8, 16, 47–48

Adams, John, 152–153, 157, 159–161

Adams, Sherman

as Dwight Eisenhower’s campaign manager, 142

and French-Indochina War, 122

as governor of New Hampshire, 41

and Joseph McCarthy, 147, 152–153, 160

and Little Rock, 184

and Sputnik, 199, 201

as White House chief of staff, 70

ADA. See Americans for Democratic Action

Advanced Research Projects Agency, 222–223

AMA. See American Medical Association

Ambrose, Stephen, 172–173

American Medical Association, 66–68

Americans for Democratic Action, 66–67

Army-McCarthy hearings, 138, 158–164

ARPA. See Advanced Research Projects Agency

At Ease, 16, 28, 104

Augusta, Georgia, 15, 25

ballistic missiles, 97, 196, 210, 214–215, 218

Bidault, Georges, 107–108, 110, 116, 123, 125–126

Bohlen, Charles, 143–144

Bowie, Robert, 76, 89, 101

Bridges, Styles, 219

Bronk, Detlev, 201, 205

Brown v. Board, 171–172, 174–183, 189, 192–193

and Brown v. Board II, 180–181

Dwight Eisenhower’s views on, 175, 177–178, 250–251

Brownell, Herbert

and 1952 election, 38, 45–46, 49, 53–54

and Brown v. Board, 176–177, 179–181

and Joseph McCarthy, 152, 160, 166–167

and Little Rock, 184, 186

Bush, George H. W., 135–136

Bush, George W., 135–136

Byrnes, James, 82, 176, 186

cabinet, 5, 12–13, 207, 248

addition of HEW, 59, 62, 72, 219

Camp David, 15

Carney, Robert, 92

“Chance for Peace” speech, 83–85

Chicken Luncheon, 153

Churchill, Winston, 124–126

Chynoweth, Bradford, 50, 193, 250

Civil Rights Act of 1957, 173, 182–183

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 194

Clark, Edwin, 29–30, 34–35, 38

Clay, Lucius, 30–31, 37–38, 42–44, 46

Cochran, Jacqueline, 43

Cohn, Roy, 150, 152, 157–160

Collins, Susan, 252

Columbia Oral History Project, 233

Columbia University, 244

Dwight Eisenhower as president of, 11–12, 24–28, 41

Dwight Eisenhower’s bicentennial speech, 137–138, 163, 168

congressional elections, 12, 21–22, 67, 70, 166

Conner, Fox, 9

Crusade in Europe, 11, 25

Cutler, Robert

and French-Indochina War, 112–113, 123, 128

and NSC, 78–80, 95, 99

and Sequoia report, 94

and Solarium, 80–81, 89–90

Damms, Richard, 6, 252–253

Davies, Ronald, 183, 186

Denver, Colorado, 9, 15, 48, 92, 94

Dewey, Thomas, 25, 30–31, 38, 52

Diem, Ngo Dinh, 134

Dien Bien Phu

assault on, 116–120

collapse of, 127–130, 132

establishment, 111–114

U.S. considers intervention at, 120–127

Dillon, Douglas, 123

Dirksen, Everett, 153–154, 160

Divine, Robert, 197

Dodge, Joseph, 66

domino theory, 103, 106, 110

Duff, James, 17–18, 30–31, 34–35, 42

Dulles, Allen,

and French-Indochina War, 112, 114–115, 117–118

and Operation Solarium, 81

and Sputnik, 204, 213

Dulles, John Foster, 76

and French-Indochina War, 104, 109, 112–113, 119, 121–126, 132

and Geneva Conference, 116, 118, 124, 129–131, 133

and NSC, 162, 99–100

on nuclear weapons, 98, 129

and Sequoia report, 92–94, 96

and Solarium, 80–82

and Southeast Asia, 106–107, 121

Eden, Anthony, 124–126

Eisenhower, Arthur, 224

Eisenhower, Doud Dwight, 9, 16

Eisenhower, Dwight David

as army chief of staff, 21

birth of, 8

death of, 16

during German occupation, 11, 20

grandchildren of, 9

as JCS chair, 11, 27

military career of, 9–12, 20

popularity, 3–4, 208–209

president of Columbia University, 11, 24–27, 28

as SACEUR, 11–12, 17, 19, 28, 47

stroke of, 209

Eisenhower, Edgar, 8, 69, 71, 179

Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 9, 15–16, 43, 209

Eisenhower, Milton, 36–38, 58, 231–234, 238, 240

Eisenhower Presidential Library, 5, 16, 51, 231, 234

Eisenhower Republicanism, 71, 263n11

Ely, Paul, 118–120, 123

Ewald, William, 35

Explorer, 218, 224

fair play amendment, 53–54

Farewell Address

on balance, 1–2, 230, 240–241, 253

forgotten parts of, 239–241

idea for, 231–234

legacy of, 244–246

and the military-industrial complex, 227–228

reaction to, 241–244

writing of, 235–239

Faubus, Orval

on federal intervention, 186–187, 190–192, 251

use of national guard, 183–186

FDA. See Food and Drug Administration

Federal Security Agency, 59–60

filibuster, 52, 73–74, 262n5

Finder, Leonard, 22, 24

Fisher, Fred, 163

Flanders, Ralph, 157, 164

Flemming, Arthur, 58

Food and Drug Administration, 59, 60

Folsom, Marion, 219, 220

French-Indochina War, 134–135, 251

battle of Dien Bien Phu, 111–114, 116–120

and the domino theory, 103, 105–106, 110

and the Geneva Conference, 127–132

and the Navarre Plan, 107–109

U.S. considers intervention in, 120–127

U.S. interest for and support of, 106–108, 114–116

FSA. See Federal Security Administration

Gaither Report, 209–213, 216–217, 224–225, 236

Geneva Conference, 116, 118–119, 124–126, 127–134

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 15, 48, 199

Giap, Vo Nguyen, 112

Glennan, Keith, 224

Goldwater, Barry, 16, 69, 194

Goodpaster, Andrew, 88–89, 97

Great Equation, 96, 99–100, 225–226, 251

Greene, John Robert, 48–49

Greenstein, Fred, 5–6, 139

Griffin, Charles, 238

Gruenther, Alfred, 133

Hagerty, James, 67

and Joseph McCarthy, 138, 154, 163, 165–166

and Little Rock, 187

and Middle Way, 70–71

and Sputnik, 199, 218

Hall, Leonard, 156

Harlan, John Marshall, II, 182

Hauge, Gabriel, 70

Hays, Brooks, 184

Hazlett, Everett “Swede,” 8, 21, 28, 146, 180–181, 213

Health, Education, and Welfare, 59–62, 64–65, 72, 219–220

health insurance, 63–68, 72

HEW. See Health, Education, and Welfare

Hiss, Alger, 140, 144

Hitchcock, William, 25

Hobby, Oveta Culp, 60–62, 67, 68

House Committee on Un-American Activities, 140, 144, 163

HUAC. See House Un-American Activities Committee

Hughes, Emmet, 84, 142, 191–192

Humphrey, George, 66

and the French-Indochina War, 107, 113, 124

and the New Look, 95–96

and the Sequoia report, 93–94

IGY. See International Geophysical Year

Immerman, Richard, 76, 101

International Geophysical Year, 197, 200–202

Jackson, C. D., 81, 83–84, 114–115, 147–148

Janiewski, Delores, 234, 238

JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff

Jenkins, Ray, 159, 160

Jenner, William, 149

Johnson, Helen, 246

Johnson, Lyndon, 16, 229

and civil rights, 171–172, 194

and space policy, 196–197, 214, 219, 221–224

and the Vietnam War, 134, 136

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 27

and the French-Indochina War, 109, 112, 115, 120

and the military-industrial complex, 229, 235, 243

and the New Look, 97–99

and the NSC, 78–80

and the Sequoia report, 91–94

Kefauver, Estes, 45, 221

Kennan, George, 82–83, 88–89

Kennedy, John, 15, 16

and the 1960 election, 15, 194, 239, 244, 248

and Civil Rights, 171–172

and the military-industrial complex, 229–230

and the Vietnam War, 134

Keyes, Roger, 114–115

Khrushchev, Nikita, 204

Killian, James, 207, 217–218, 222–224, 237, 239

Knowland, William, 68, 122, 222

Kohler, Walter, 142–143

Korean War, 9, 27–28, 188

and Dwight Eisenhower, 2, 11–12, 14, 247

and the French-Indochina War, 105–109, 111–112

and the military-industrial complex, 228, 235

and the national security, 86–87, 93

and the Peress case, 149–150

Landon, Alf, 52

Laniel, Joseph, 110–111, 116, 123, 125–126, 130

Lawrence, William, 155

Ledbetter, James, 228

Letourneau, Jean, 107–108

Little Rock desegregation crisis, 170–171, 183–186

federal intervention in, 186–192

Little Rock Nine, 187

Lodge, Henry Cabot

and the 1952 pre-convention campaign, 30, 32–34, 38–39, 41–43

and the 1952 Republican Convention, 48–49, 54

Joseph McCarthy, 152, 160

Long, Huey, 167

MacArthur, Douglas, 9–10, 24, 27, 30, 54

Manchin, Joe, 252

Mandate for Change, 16

Mann, Woodrow Wilson, 186–188

Marshall, George, 9–11, 28, 141–143

Mayer, René, 107–108

McCarthy, Joseph

and Adlai Stevenson, 156–157

and the Army-McCarthy hearings, 138, 159–163

and Charles Bohlen, 143–144

censure of, 164–166

Dwight Eisenhower’s views of, 144–147, 167, 250–251

and George Marshall, 141–143

and Harry Dexter White, 146

and McCarthyism, 137–141

and the Peress case, 148–156

McCarthyism, 137–141

McElroy, Neil, 200, 217, 222

Mendès France, Pierre, 130–131

Middle Way

and Dwight Eisenhower’s political affiliation, 69–72

as a political philosophy, 14, 50–51, 57, 251–252, 263n11

and social welfare policy, 2, 57–58, 64–66, 68, 251–252, 263n11

Mieczkowski, Yanek, 198, 216

military-industrial complex, 227–230, 233, 235–239, 241–245

Mills, C. Wright, 244

Minnesota primary 1952, 45–46, 54

missile gap, 197, 216–217, 229, 236, 251

modern Republican, 71

Moos, Malcolm, 231–234, 238–239

Morrow, Frederick, 191

Mundt, Karl, 153, 159–160, 163–164

NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

NACA. See National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics

NASA. See National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 223

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 223–225

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 179

National Defense Education Act, 220–221

National Security Council, 12, 77, 249

creation of NSC, 162, 94–100

and the French-Indochina War, 111, 112, 114, 117, 119, 123

and the Gaither Report, 211–212

and Geneva Conference, 127

and Operation Solarium, 90–91

restructuring of, 78–80

and Sputnik, 204–205

NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Navarre, Henri, 108–110, 112, 115, 118

NDEA. See National Defense Education Act

New Deal, 52, 56, 58, 60, 63, 69, 73

New Hampshire primary, 22, 41–42, 44–46

New Look, 75, 94–100, 229, 235, 251. See also Operation Solarium; Sequoia report

Newport, Rhode Island, 15, 170, 184, 188, 190

Ngo Dinh Diem. See Diem, Ngo Dinh

Nichols, David, 173

Nixon, Richard, 9, 16

and 1960 election, 15, 194, 239

and McCarthy, 140, 144, 153, 156–157, 164

and national security, 92–93, 128, 216

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 28–29, 53

Dwight Eisenhower’s role in, 11–12, 37–38, 42, 47

France, 111

NSC-162, 101

NSC. See National Security Council

nuclear weapons

and the French-Indochina War, 128–129

and the military-industrial complex, 228–229

and the New Look, 13, 97–99, 101

and Operation Solarium, 82, 87

and the Sequoia Report, 91

O’Daniel, Mike, 109

Operation Solarium, 81–83, 85–91, 94, 97, 101

Oshinsky, David, 159

Pach, Chester, 6, 228

Peress, Irving, 149–151, 153–154, 157

Persons, Jerry, 147

Pickett, William B., 18, 30

Piroth, Charles, 117

Plessy v. Ferguson, 174, 177–178, 182, 193

presidential elections

1948, 11, 18, 20–22, 25, 46, 52

1952, 12, 29, 41, 52–55, 141, 152

1956, 12

1960, 15, 194, 239

Presidential Science Advisory Committee, 206–207, 222–223

PSAC. See Presidential Science Advisory Committee

Public Health Service, 59

Quarles, Donald, 200–201, 205

Rabi, Isidor, 206–207

Radford, Arthur, 243

and the French-Indochina War, 112–115, 118–120, 121–123, 127

Radford, Arthur (continued)and the New Look, 92–93, 97, 98, 99

and the Sequoia Report, 92–93

Raymond, Jack, 242–244

Republican Party, 12, 14–15, 17, 25–26, 28

and the 1952 nomination, 29–30, 33–35, 38, 54–55

and HEW, 59–60

and Joseph McCarthy, 139, 145, 147, 166

and the Middle Way, 50–51, 64, 70–73, 252

and the Operation Solarium, 77, 101

and the southern strategy, 194–195

Reston, James, 147, 247–249

Ridgway, Mathew, 91

Roberts, Chalmers, 104, 122, 132, 212

Roberts, Clifford, 25, 37–38

Robinson, Claude, 224–225

Robinson, William, 25, 36–38, 43–44, 70–71, 145

Rockefeller, Nelson, 58, 60–62, 65

Rogers, William, 152, 160

Roosevelt, Franklin, 4, 10, 25, 51, 52, 143

and social welfare policy, 59–60, 72

Russell, Richard, 190

SAC. See Strategic Air Command

SCGO. See Special Committee on Government Organization

Schine, David, 152, 157–160

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 171–172

Schlesinger, Arthur, Sr., 3–4

scientific-technological elite, 238–239, 242, 246

Sequoia report, 91–94, 96

Smith, Bedell, 81, 114–115, 127, 130–131

Snead, David, 212

Social Security, 58–63, 69, 72, 226

Sorenson, Theodore, 171–172

southern strategy, 194–195

Special Committee on Government Organization, 58–59

Sputnik, 196–198, 213

and the defense budget, 229, 236–237. See also the Gaither Report

and Dwight Eisenhower’s popularity, 224–225

and the farewell address, 240–241, 251

initial reactions to, 199–204

U.S. response to, 204–209, 219–224

and U.S. satellites, 217–218

Stalin, Joseph, 83–84, 248

Stassen, Harold

and the 1952 Republican nomination, 45–46, 53–54

and the French-Indochina War, 107, 124, 127–128

and the New Look, 235

Stennis, John, 115–116

Stevens, Robert, 150–154, 158–160

Stevenson, Adlai, 12, 55, 156–157

Strategic Air Command, 210–211

Symington, Stuart, 199–200, 214

Taft, Robert

death of, 69

Dwight Eisenhower’s views of, 52–53

as isolationist, 19, 26, 29, 32–33

as presidential candidate, 34–36, 39, 44–46, 48–49

and the Republican National Convention, 53–55

Truman, Harry

and the 1948 election, 20–22, 52

and the 1952 election, 32, 37, 40, 45, 47

and Brown v. Board, 176

Dwight Eisenhower’s views of, 19

and the Federal Security Administration, 59

and health insurance, 63

and Joseph McCarthy, 141, 160, 167

and the Korean War, 11–12, 27–28

and national security, 76, 78, 102

and social welfare, 72

Trump, Donald, 168

U-2, 213–214, 217, 225

UN. See United Nations

United Nations, 27

and the French-Indochina War, 105, 109, 112, 121, 129, 134–135

United States Naval Academy, 8

Vanguard, 202, 217–218

Vietnam War, 5, 105, 134, 230, 244, 247. See also French-Indochina War

Vinson, Fred, 178–179

von Braun, Wernher, 200–201, 216

Vo Nguyen Giap. See Giap, Vo Nguyen

Waging Peace, 16, 229

Walsh, Edmund, 140

Warren, Earl, 46, 53–54, 172, 178–179

Washington, George, 1, 4, 18, 188, 232, 238, 246

Watkins, Arthur, 164–165

Welch, Joseph, 159–160, 163

White, Harry Dexter, 146

White Citizens Council, 186

Whitman, Ann, 69, 181, 209, 233

Williams, Ralph, 231–234, 236, 242, 244

Willkie, Wendell, 52

Wilson, Charles

and the French-Indochina War, 107, 115, 118, 121, and Joseph McCarthy, 160–161

and the New Look, 95–98

and Sputnik, 218

Zwicker, Ralph, 150–152, 154, 156, 164–165