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Perilous Wagers: Gambling, Dignity, and Day Laborers in Twenty-First-Century Tokyo: Index

Perilous Wagers: Gambling, Dignity, and Day Laborers in Twenty-First-Century Tokyo
Index

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Notes

table of contents
  1. Note on Transliteration
  2. Introduction
  3. 1. Setting Out “Yama”
  4. 2. The Day Laborer
  5. 3. Gambling
  6. 4. Forbearance
  7. 5. Disintegration
  8. Epilogue
  9. Acknowledgments
  10. Glossary of Key Characters
  11. Glossary of Terms
  12. Notes
  13. Bibliography
  14. Index

Index

  • Abe Jōji, 111–12
  • absolute surplus value, 7
  • abure teate, 31, 211, 230n26
  • accidents. See work-related accidents
  • accountability, 104–17
  • Adorno, Theodor W., 252n37
  • Alain-Miller, Jacques, 238n41
  • Alcoholics Anonymous, 10, 222n25
  • amae, 148
  • ana hori, 68–69, 211
  • ana o akeru, 50, 211, 217
  • Andō Noboru, 3, 20
  • an eye for an eye, as phrase, 141, 252n36
  • aniki, 30
  • anime, 6, 45, 76, 129, 131, 149
  • anti-LGBTQ incidents, 195–99
  • anti-state movement, 204
  • asa ichi, 44, 211
  • Asakusa View Hotel, 57–58
  • asobi, 23
  • Atariya pachinko parlor, 6
  • baken, 211, 240n2
  • bakuchi. See gambling
  • Barthes, Roland, 125, 250n18
  • baseball gambling, 100. See also gambling
  • Bataille, Georges, 4, 129, 246n63, 250n23, 251n24
  • bathhouses, 10, 216, 232n1
  • Battles without Honor and Humanity (film), 3
  • Baudelaire, Charles, 104, 241n13, 244n44
  • BEGIN (band), 112
  • Benedict, Ruth, 165, 254n6
  • Benjamin, Walter: on aura, 244n44; on Baudelaire, 104; on consciousness, 244n38; on destructive character, 20; on factory work vs. gambling, 100; on gambling, 91, 239n48, 241n13, 242n15, 242n21–22, 243nn22–30, 244n36; on time, 102, 244n40, 244n42
  • bentōya, 211
  • betting cards, 83, 84, 85, 86, 99, 214, 240n2. See also gambling tickets
  • bicycle races, 87, 88, 213. See also gambling
  • Biehl, João, 223n32
  • Bloch, Ernst, 239n49
  • blood brother, as concept, 30, 165, 229n23
  • boat-race gambling, 65, 87, 109–10, 214. See also gambling
  • body types, 79–80
  • Bourgois, Philippe, 14
  • brain tumor, 20, 31, 39, 118, 132, 178, 202, 203, 209
  • bridge of tears. See Namidabashi
  • buffalo, 16–17, 224n48
  • bullying, 96, 127, 195–97, 250n19. See also violence
  • bunkhouses, 23, 212, 214, 222n19, 225n4, 226n5
  • Buraku, 24–25, 136–37, 211, 212, 213, 214, 226n8, 252n33
  • Burma, 54, 58, 59, 60
  • bus driving work, 226n6
  • cadmium poisoning, 247n2
  • card games. See games
  • charity, 147–61. See also Sanyukai; welfare benefits
  • Chinchirorin, 93, 211
  • comfort women, 143, 253n38
  • commodity exchange, 45–46, 237n30, 239n45, 243n32. See also exchange
  • concrete work, 62–63, 71, 81–82, 214. See also construction work
  • construction work, 65–82. See also hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi); navvy work
  • containment, 8–9
  • corporations–yakuza affiliations, 58–60
  • COVID-19, 8, 221n19
  • credit and indebtedness, 104–17
  • cremation, 187–88
  • crime rate, 226n9
  • cycle of work and play, 22–23
  • daiku, 49, 211
  • Danshukai (Alcohol Abstinence Society), 222n25
  • DARC (Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center), 222n25
  • Dart, Gregory, 231n37
  • day-laborer districts. See San’ya district, overview
  • day laborers. See hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi)
  • debt, 104–17, 178, 245n47. See also gambling
  • decontamination of radiation in Fukushima Prefecture. See nuclear decontamination work
  • Deep Impact (horse), 99
  • deep play, 245n47
  • defiance, 17
  • delirium tremens, 19, 170–89, 200
  • Derrida, Jacques, 9, 10, 222n26, 227n11, 244n34, 246nn61–62, 248n9, 249nn13–14
  • desire, 13, 35–37
  • Desjarlais, Robert, 244n37
  • dice games, 91, 93, 96, 100, 111, 211. See also games
  • digging holes, 68–69, 71–72, 79, 211. See also construction work
  • dignity, 11, 13, 15, 107, 111–13, 128, 137, 197. See also pride; recognition
  • disabilities, 12
  • disembowelment. See suicide and suicide attempts
  • dive bars, as term, 220n5
  • dogeza, 201, 212
  • dokata, 39, 49, 212, 231n37
  • dōkyūsei, 212, 228n19
  • Don-Don, 93, 212. See also games
  • Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 95, 243n24
  • Douglas, Mary, 251n26
  • doya, 23, 212, 214, 222n19, 225n4, 226n5
  • doyagai, 23, 212
  • durée, 244n40. See also time
  • economic recovery, postwar, 15, 25, 180, 205, 219n4, 224n39
  • Engels, Friedrich, 234n9
  • enka, 4, 16, 124, 212, 216, 220, 220n8
  • Eta, 212. See also Buraku
  • excavation work, 71–74, 231n37. See also construction work
  • excess, 11, 17, 22, 46, 222n28
  • exchange, 13, 45–46. See also commodity exchange
  • exchange of equivalents, 232n3
  • extortion, 20, 39, 108, 202, 213
  • family registry, 214, 226n8, 254n4
  • fighting, 39–41, 43, 64–65, 119–20, 124, 221n12. See also violence
  • finder’s fee. See pinhane
  • flower card games, 26, 87, 92, 213, 214, 227n15, 241n7. See also gambling; games
  • forbearance, 120, 123, 127, 247n5, 248n6
  • Forbidden Games (film), 205–6
  • Foucault, Michel, 227n10, 231n36, 254n46
  • Fowler, Edward, 9, 225n3, 250n21, 254n2
  • France, Anatole, 97
  • Freud, Sigmund, 72, 227n11, 237n34
  • Fukuoka yakuza, 210
  • Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, 7, 8, 46, 54, 58–59, 60, 194, 259n13. See also nuclear decontamination work
  • funerals, 19, 40, 124, 183, 185, 187–88, 190
  • Gajū-Maru restaurant, 39, 84
  • “Gambler, The” (Dostoyevsky), 95, 243n24
  • gambling, 18; artistry and skill of, 91–104; on baseball, 100; Benjamin on, 91, 239n48, 241n13, 242n15, 242n21–22, 243nn22–30, 244n36; on bicycle races, 87, 88, 213; on boat races, 87, 88, 214; chanceful life and, 224n40; on flower card games, 26, 87, 92, 213, 227n15, 241n7; Geertz on, 224n40; on horse races, 27, 33, 39, 82–99, 155, 213, 240nn1–3; lottery, 87; Malaby on, 245n50; pachinko, 6, 83, 95–96. See also games; indebtedness
  • gambling tickets, 84–86, 91, 98–100, 211, 240n2, 240n6, 243n33. See also betting cards
  • games: dice, 91, 93, 96, 100, 111, 211; Don-Don, 93, 212; flower cards, 26, 87, 92, 213, 214, 227n15, 241n7; hanafuda, 26, 87, 213, 227n15, 241n7. See also gambling
  • gang, as term, 251nn30–31
  • Geertz, Clifford, 224n40, 244n39, 245n47, 255n10
  • gender, 13, 29–30, 32–33, 195–99, 224n45, 258nn8–9. See also masculinity
  • generational trauma, 187–88
  • geta, 76, 165, 212, 238n38
  • gifting, 27, 35, 45, 106, 120, 187, 245n48, 248n9, 249nn13–14
  • Gill, Tom, 9, 223n31, 233n7, 235n16
  • Girard, René, 250n20
  • giri-ninjō, 165, 166, 212, 216
  • Goffman, Erving, 245n47
  • grief, 182–84
  • gumi, as term, 228n17
  • gyangu, 251nn30–31
  • gyōza, 84, 212
  • haji, 16, 37, 113, 149, 164–65, 212–13, 216, 222n29, 254n6, 254nn5–6
  • hallucinations. See delirium tremens
  • hanafuda, 26, 87, 213, 227n15, 241n7. See also gambling
  • harakiri, 213. See also suicide and suicide attempts
  • Hashimoto Tōru, 226n6
  • hierarchy, 29–30, 33
  • Hinin, 213. See also Buraku
  • Hiroshima, 8, 155
  • Hiroshima Toyo Carp, 100
  • hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi), 3, 4, 17, 44–45, 82, 213, 219n3, 233n8. See also labor market
  • hiyayakko, 84, 213
  • “homeless,” as term, 227n14
  • homophobia, 225n48. See also transphobia
  • honor, 13, 119–47
  • horse-race gambling, 27, 33, 39, 82–99, 155, 213, 240nn1–3. See also gambling
  • hospitals. See medical clinics and hospitals; mental hospital
  • Human Rights Watch, 197
  • iji, 13, 65, 112, 136, 181, 256n12, 258n5. See also recognition
  • ijime, 96, 127, 195–97, 250n19. See also violence
  • illness. See work-related illnesses
  • Imado neighborhood, Tokyo, 24, 226n8
  • Incarcerated and Incorrigible (Abe), 111
  • indebtedness, 104–17, 178, 215. See also gambling
  • individualism, 18–19, 163–70. See also sociality
  • ippan shakai, 10–11
  • irezumi. See tattoos
  • Iroha arcade, 25
  • Ishihara Shintaro, 143, 144
  • itai-itai byō, 118, 160, 213, 247n2
  • Japanese identity, 11–12
  • Japan Self-Defense Forces (Jieitai), 111, 145, 210
  • jidaigeki, 16, 213
  • jikosekinin, 71, 182
  • jiritsu, 30
  • job-related accidents. See work-related accidents
  • job-related illness. See work-related illnesses
  • JRA (Japan Racing Association), 86, 240n1
  • Junichi Saga, 248n7
  • kado o otosu, 213
  • kaki no tane, 76, 213
  • Kanamachi-ikka, 27, 28, 37, 45, 53, 55, 132, 228n17, 229n23. See also yakuza, overview; Yamaguchi-gumi
  • Kansai yakuza, 247n4. See also yakuza, overview
  • Kant, Immanuel, 240n10
  • kashira, 28, 108, 213
  • keiba, 27, 33, 39, 82–99, 155, 213, 240nn1–3. See also gambling; horse-race gambling
  • keiretsu system, 234n15
  • keirin, 87, 213
  • kiken work, 8
  • kiritori, 20, 39, 108, 202, 213
  • kitanai work, 8
  • Kitaōji Kin’ya, 3
  • kitsui work, 8
  • knife scars, 10, 26–27, 227n16
  • Koi-Koi, 214. See also flower card games
  • Kondo, Dorinne, 222n29, 234n11, 236n27
  • konjō, 214, 257n22
  • konkuri, 62–63, 214
  • koseki, 214, 226n8, 254n4
  • Kotobukichō district, Yokohama, 9, 24, 39
  • Kristeva, Julia, 257n20
  • kumade, 111, 214
  • kyōdaibun, 65, 165, 211, 214, 229n23
  • kyōtei, 65, 87, 214. See also gambling
  • labor broker. See tehaishi
  • labor market, 45–65. See also hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi)
  • labor migration, 247n1
  • labor power, 79–81, 221n15, 232n3, 239n44
  • Lacan, Jacques, 223n33, 230n31, 231n34, 238n41, 240n3
  • lawless zone, 14, 30, 107, 127, 133, 134
  • LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), 144
  • Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 29, 229n20, 240n6
  • LGBTQ community, 197. See also transgender persons, violence against
  • Liebow, Elliot, 14
  • lifeline, 202, 203, 208
  • lottery, 87, 89–90, 91, 96, 99, 241n7. See also gambling
  • Lukács, Georg, 77, 238n39
  • māku kādo, 214, 240n2
  • mama-chari, 53–54, 214
  • mama-san, 6, 75, 104, 105, 111, 136, 202, 214, 229n22
  • Marx, Karl, 46, 48, 67, 68, 99, 234n13, 235nn21–22, 236n26, 236n28, 237n31, 238n32
  • masculinity: indebtedness and, 104–17; self-reliance and, 30–31; shamelessness and, 36, 164–65, 178; stigmatization of, 220n7; transgressive expressions of, 3, 11, 12–13, 14, 111–12, 203; violence and, 124. See also gender; otoko; trope of the otoko
  • maternalism, 15
  • matriarchy, 15, 229n21
  • matsu, 213, 214, 241n7
  • Matsukata Hiroki, 3
  • Mauss, Marcel, 120, 245n48, 248n8, 249n13, 249n14
  • Mazda, 100
  • meal service charity work. See Sanyukai
  • medical clinics and hospitals, 31, 34, 38–40, 200. See also mental hospital
  • mental disabilities, 12
  • mental hospital, 146, 174–75, 180. See also medical clinics and hospitals
  • meth, 3, 11, 142, 216
  • misogyny, 15
  • missing fingers, 10, 43, 227n16
  • Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., 247n2
  • Miyakojima, 1, 190–200. See also Okinawa, overview
  • Miyazaki Manabu, 4–5, 15, 199–200, 233n5, 233n8, 248n12, 249n15, 252n32
  • mizuwari, 46, 173, 214
  • moai, 256nn12–13
  • monopolistic capitalism, 236n29
  • morning market, 44, 211
  • muenbochi, 187, 214
  • muhō chitai, 14, 30, 107, 127, 133, 134
  • mujin kō, 166–68, 214–15, 255n10, 255nn10–11, 256n12
  • Nagasaki, 8
  • naichi, 1, 194, 215
  • nakama, 11, 28, 107, 215, 228n18, 251n30
  • Namidabashi, 22, 23. See also San’ya district, overview
  • naming conventions, 228n19
  • navvy work, 39, 47, 49, 63, 67, 69–70, 212, 231n37. See also construction work; hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi)
  • negiri, 71, 215
  • neoliberalism, 7, 15, 204, 221n15, 224n38
  • New Battles without Honor and Humanity (film), 3
  • Nibikikai yakuza, 39, 108, 119, 136, 151, 209. See also yakuza, overview
  • Nikkan Sports (publication), 84
  • Nishinariku district, Osaka, 24
  • nuclear decontamination work, 46, 54, 58, 209, 235n19, 259n13. See also Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
  • nuclear gypsies, 7, 8, 221n17
  • nuclear labor, 221n15, 232n2, 235n19, 235n24
  • Obon festival, 113, 128, 146, 215, 246n59
  • Oicho-Kabu, 93, 171, 215, 227n15
  • Okinawa, overview, 1, 12, 194, 219n1, 257nn1–2. See also Miyakojima
  • Okinawa-gang, overview, 27–29, 162, 210, 228n17. See also yakuza, overview
  • Olympic Games (1964), 8, 205, 220n4
  • Olympic Games (2020), 8, 205, 222n19
  • omikoshi, 155, 215
  • on, 104–17, 178, 215. See also gambling
  • “opening a hole,” 50, 211, 217
  • osechi ryōri, 129, 215, 251n25
  • otoko, 215–16. See also masculinity; trope of the otoko
  • “Otoko” (Tsuruta), 205, 247n5, 248n6
  • otsumami, 216
  • out-of-work aid, 31, 211, 230n26
  • Oyama Shiro, 225n2, 227n12, 231n35, 234n14, 236n25, 250n21, 251n31, 256n16
  • pachinko, 6, 83, 95–96. See also gambling
  • Palace Hotel, 225n4
  • performativity of gender, 15, 224n45. See also gender; masculinity
  • personhood, 13
  • Pine, Jason, 14
  • pinhane, 50, 53, 54, 62, 63, 80, 140, 214, 216, 234n12, 235n19, 241n7
  • pooling club. See mujin kō
  • postwar economic recovery, 15, 25, 180, 205, 219n4, 224n39. See also World War II
  • potter’s field burial, 187
  • Poulot, Denis, 232n37
  • power. See labor power
  • Precarious Japan (Allison), 223n31
  • premature death, 15, 78, 179, 184. See also suicide and suicide attempts
  • pride, 65, 123, 136, 181, 256n12, 258n5. See also dignity
  • pro wrestling, 249n17
  • pūtarō, 20, 216
  • Rabinbach, Anson, 239n44, 239n47
  • Rabson, Steve, 223n30, 247n1, 257n2, 258n5
  • racism, 15, 143–44
  • radiation exposure, 7–8
  • rank system, 245n46
  • recognition, 104–17, 178. See also dignity; state recognition
  • reputation, 39–41, 61, 104–17
  • research methodology, 19–21
  • reserve army of labor, 48
  • right-wing political ideologies, 12, 20–21, 108, 143–45, 255n6
  • Rizzo, James, 245n45
  • rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA). See mujin kō
  • Ryūji (film), 255n7
  • sacrifice, as term, 5, 220n10
  • sakura, 213, 216, 241n7
  • Sanja Kensetsu, 54–55
  • Sankei News (publication), 109–10
  • “San’ya Blues” (song), 82, 205
  • San’ya district, overview, 1–17, 22–25, 194–200, 219nn2–4, 220n6. See also Yama, as term
  • Sanyukai, 31, 32–43, 115–16, 147–61, 180–81, 186–88, 202–3
  • scaffolding work, 39, 49, 62, 67, 68, 71, 73, 74–75, 217, 236n25. See also construction work; tobi
  • schizophrenia misdiagnosis, 18, 160–61
  • Schüll, Natasha Dow, 240n8, 241n13
  • Secretariat (horse), 99, 243n33
  • Seichō Corporation, 68
  • seimeisen, 202, 203, 208
  • seiza, 128, 209, 216
  • self-liquidation, 240n11, 240n13
  • self-recrimination, 13, 193. See also shame and shamelessness
  • self-responsibility, 71, 182, 186
  • sentō, 10, 216, 232n1
  • sex industry, 8, 143–44, 198
  • sexism, 15
  • shabu. See meth
  • shame and shamelessness, 13, 36, 37, 164–65, 178, 193, 222n29, 252n34
  • shatei, 30, 165, 216
  • shifting labor, 48–51
  • shigoto, 23
  • shikatanai, 204–5
  • shinjiyūshugi, 7, 15, 204, 221n15, 224n38
  • Shinjuku Ni-chōme district, Tokyo, 199
  • Shirahige Hospital, 173–75, 181
  • Shiro, Oyama, 225n2
  • shussho, 216, 246n55
  • skilled artisan, 77, 234n10
  • Skytree, 57–58
  • slacking, 78–79, 81, 226n6, 238n37
  • smells, 23, 25, 26, 173, 227n12
  • smoking, 76
  • sociality, 2, 13, 29, 119–47, 224n36. See also individualism
  • Sōgidan, 26, 31, 146, 147, 149, 182, 252n36
  • Sohn-Rethel, Alfred, 67, 232n3, 236n29, 237n30, 238n35, 239n45
  • Sontag, Susan, 249n17
  • sōpurando (sōpu), 216
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 15, 144, 253n38
  • state recognition, 13, 17, 180, 193–94. See also recognition
  • Stewart, Kathleen, 247n66
  • stigmatization, 8, 24, 194, 220n7
  • Stone, Sandy, 259n14
  • Stryker, Susan, 15, 197, 258n9, 258n11
  • Sugawara Bunta, 3
  • suicide and suicide attempts, 19, 39, 142, 179, 181, 184–85, 188, 192, 193, 195, 200–203, 213. See also premature death
  • suji o tōsu, 152–53, 216
  • Sumiyoshi-kai, 198, 216, 228n17
  • taishū engeki, 16
  • Taitō Ward, 48–49
  • Takakura, Ken, 3
  • takara kuji, 87. See also gambling
  • Takeo Doi, 253n44
  • Takeshi Kitano, 4
  • takidashi, 31, 216
  • takobeya, 32, 216–17, 230n28
  • Tamahime park, 6
  • Tanba Tetsurō, 3
  • Taoka Kazuo, 248n11
  • tattoos, 10, 26–27, 42
  • Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 235n21, 238n37, 239n42
  • tehai, 31, 51, 162, 170
  • tehaishi, 31, 49–52, 209, 217, 230n27, 233n8, 241n7
  • tekiya, 141, 215, 217, 229n21, 246n59
  • tekkinya, 49, 217
  • temporality, 13
  • Tenjima Company, 32, 48
  • “Thing,” as concept, 246n57
  • This Is Why I Cannot Quit San’ya (Tsukada), 9
  • 3K work, 8, 17
  • time, 102, 244n40, 244n42, 248n9
  • tobi, 49, 217, 236n25, 239n43. See also scaffolding work
  • tobi no temoto, 74, 217
  • tofu, 84, 111, 213, 245n55
  • tonko suru, 51–52, 217
  • toppamono, 4–5, 132, 217
  • tori no agemono, 84, 217
  • toshikoshi soba, 129, 217, 251n25
  • traditionalist political ideologies, 165, 213, 255n6
  • transgender persons, violence against, 195–99, 258nn8–9, 259n12. See also gender
  • transgressive masculinity, 3, 11, 12–13, 14, 111–12, 203. See also masculinity
  • transphobia, 195–99, 258nn8–9, 259n12. See also homophobia
  • “Treasure of Islanders, The” (song), 112
  • Tristes Tropiques (Lévi-Strauss), 29
  • trope of the otoko, 30, 124, 127–28, 193. See also masculinity; otoko
  • Tsukada Tsutomu, 9
  • Tsuruta Kōji, 205, 247n5, 248n6
  • tuberculosis, 8–9
  • ude ga yoi shokunin, 77, 234n10
  • uncanny, as concept, 25, 227n11
  • unemployment pay, 31, 211, 230n26
  • unskilled labor, as term, 67
  • Untitled (Falling Buffalos) (photo by Wojnarowicz), 16–17, 224n48
  • US occupation of Okinawa, 1, 12, 219n1, 257n21
  • value, 13, 67–68, 79–81
  • violence, 119–47; fighting, 39–41, 43, 64–65, 119–20, 124, 221n12; as normative, 24, 27–29; theories on, 53, 223n31; against transgender persons, 195–99, 258nn8–9, 259n12; against women, 15
  • water-cleansing equipment project, 54, 58, 59, 60
  • water pollution and disease, 247n2
  • Weber, Samuel, 240n11
  • welfare benefits, 30–32, 47–48, 185, 230n25. See also charity
  • WINS, 83–85, 88, 97, 240nn1–4. See also horse race gambling
  • Wojnarowicz, David, 16–17
  • work-related accidents, 12, 66, 70–74, 80, 82, 100–102, 105, 235n23, 236n25
  • work-related illnesses, 20, 23, 31, 39, 71, 108, 118–19, 127, 151, 178, 225n3, 235nn24
  • “World of Wrestling, The” (Barthes), 125
  • World War II, 1, 2, 12, 15, 143, 194, 205–6, 219n4, 224n39, 253n38. See also postwar economic recovery
  • yakitori, 84, 110, 217
  • yakizakana, 84, 217
  • yakusha, 20, 195, 217, 245n51
  • yakuza, overview, 2, 3, 26–27, 58–60, 227n16, 245n51, Kanamachi–ikka. See also Kansai yakuza; Nibikikai yakuza; Okinawa-gang, overview; Yamaguchi-gumi
  • Yama, as term, 225n1. See also San’ya district, overview
  • Yamaguchi-gumi, 106, 109–10, 198, 213, 218, 228n17, 248n11. See also yakuza, overview
  • Yama: Yararetara Yarikaese (film), 146, 235n18
  • yararetara yarikaese, 141, 252n36
  • Yepes, Narciso, 205–6
  • yoseba, 2, 189, 205, 218, 221n14, 225n3, 226n5, 254n2
  • Yoshimoto Jun’ichi, 226n6
  • Yoshiwara district, Tokyo, 10, 24, 61
  • yosōya, 86, 218
  • Yutaka Take (horse), 99
  • Zaloom, Caitlin, 242n20
  • Žižek, Slavoj, 234n13, 246n57

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