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table of contents
Index
- Abe Jōji, 111–12
- absolute surplus value, 7
- abure teate, 31, 211, 230n26
- accidents. See work-related accidents
- accountability, 104–17
- Adorno, Theodor W., 252n37
- Alain-Miller, Jacques, 238n41
- Alcoholics Anonymous, 10, 222n25
- amae, 148
- ana hori, 68–69, 211
- ana o akeru, 50, 211, 217
- Andō Noboru, 3, 20
- an eye for an eye, as phrase, 141, 252n36
- aniki, 30
- anime, 6, 45, 76, 129, 131, 149
- anti-LGBTQ incidents, 195–99
- anti-state movement, 204
- asa ichi, 44, 211
- Asakusa View Hotel, 57–58
- asobi, 23
- Atariya pachinko parlor, 6
- baken, 211, 240n2
- bakuchi. See gambling
- Barthes, Roland, 125, 250n18
- baseball gambling, 100. See also gambling
- Bataille, Georges, 4, 129, 246n63, 250n23, 251n24
- bathhouses, 10, 216, 232n1
- Battles without Honor and Humanity (film), 3
- Baudelaire, Charles, 104, 241n13, 244n44
- BEGIN (band), 112
- Benedict, Ruth, 165, 254n6
- Benjamin, Walter: on aura, 244n44; on Baudelaire, 104; on consciousness, 244n38; on destructive character, 20; on factory work vs. gambling, 100; on gambling, 91, 239n48, 241n13, 242n15, 242n21–22, 243nn22–30, 244n36; on time, 102, 244n40, 244n42
- bentōya, 211
- betting cards, 83, 84, 85, 86, 99, 214, 240n2. See also gambling tickets
- bicycle races, 87, 88, 213. See also gambling
- Biehl, João, 223n32
- Bloch, Ernst, 239n49
- blood brother, as concept, 30, 165, 229n23
- boat-race gambling, 65, 87, 109–10, 214. See also gambling
- body types, 79–80
- Bourgois, Philippe, 14
- brain tumor, 20, 31, 39, 118, 132, 178, 202, 203, 209
- bridge of tears. See Namidabashi
- buffalo, 16–17, 224n48
- bullying, 96, 127, 195–97, 250n19. See also violence
- bunkhouses, 23, 212, 214, 222n19, 225n4, 226n5
- Buraku, 24–25, 136–37, 211, 212, 213, 214, 226n8, 252n33
- Burma, 54, 58, 59, 60
- bus driving work, 226n6
- cadmium poisoning, 247n2
- card games. See games
- charity, 147–61. See also Sanyukai; welfare benefits
- Chinchirorin, 93, 211
- comfort women, 143, 253n38
- commodity exchange, 45–46, 237n30, 239n45, 243n32. See also exchange
- concrete work, 62–63, 71, 81–82, 214. See also construction work
- construction work, 65–82. See also hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi); navvy work
- containment, 8–9
- corporations–yakuza affiliations, 58–60
- COVID-19, 8, 221n19
- credit and indebtedness, 104–17
- cremation, 187–88
- crime rate, 226n9
- cycle of work and play, 22–23
- daiku, 49, 211
- Danshukai (Alcohol Abstinence Society), 222n25
- DARC (Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center), 222n25
- Dart, Gregory, 231n37
- day-laborer districts. See San’ya district, overview
- day laborers. See hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi)
- debt, 104–17, 178, 245n47. See also gambling
- decontamination of radiation in Fukushima Prefecture. See nuclear decontamination work
- Deep Impact (horse), 99
- deep play, 245n47
- defiance, 17
- delirium tremens, 19, 170–89, 200
- Derrida, Jacques, 9, 10, 222n26, 227n11, 244n34, 246nn61–62, 248n9, 249nn13–14
- desire, 13, 35–37
- Desjarlais, Robert, 244n37
- dice games, 91, 93, 96, 100, 111, 211. See also games
- digging holes, 68–69, 71–72, 79, 211. See also construction work
- dignity, 11, 13, 15, 107, 111–13, 128, 137, 197. See also pride; recognition
- disabilities, 12
- disembowelment. See suicide and suicide attempts
- dive bars, as term, 220n5
- dogeza, 201, 212
- dokata, 39, 49, 212, 231n37
- dōkyūsei, 212, 228n19
- Don-Don, 93, 212. See also games
- Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 95, 243n24
- Douglas, Mary, 251n26
- doya, 23, 212, 214, 222n19, 225n4, 226n5
- doyagai, 23, 212
- durée, 244n40. See also time
- economic recovery, postwar, 15, 25, 180, 205, 219n4, 224n39
- Engels, Friedrich, 234n9
- enka, 4, 16, 124, 212, 216, 220, 220n8
- Eta, 212. See also Buraku
- excavation work, 71–74, 231n37. See also construction work
- excess, 11, 17, 22, 46, 222n28
- exchange, 13, 45–46. See also commodity exchange
- exchange of equivalents, 232n3
- extortion, 20, 39, 108, 202, 213
- family registry, 214, 226n8, 254n4
- fighting, 39–41, 43, 64–65, 119–20, 124, 221n12. See also violence
- finder’s fee. See pinhane
- flower card games, 26, 87, 92, 213, 214, 227n15, 241n7. See also gambling; games
- forbearance, 120, 123, 127, 247n5, 248n6
- Forbidden Games (film), 205–6
- Foucault, Michel, 227n10, 231n36, 254n46
- Fowler, Edward, 9, 225n3, 250n21, 254n2
- France, Anatole, 97
- Freud, Sigmund, 72, 227n11, 237n34
- Fukuoka yakuza, 210
- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, 7, 8, 46, 54, 58–59, 60, 194, 259n13. See also nuclear decontamination work
- funerals, 19, 40, 124, 183, 185, 187–88, 190
- Gajū-Maru restaurant, 39, 84
- “Gambler, The” (Dostoyevsky), 95, 243n24
- gambling, 18; artistry and skill of, 91–104; on baseball, 100; Benjamin on, 91, 239n48, 241n13, 242n15, 242n21–22, 243nn22–30, 244n36; on bicycle races, 87, 88, 213; on boat races, 87, 88, 214; chanceful life and, 224n40; on flower card games, 26, 87, 92, 213, 227n15, 241n7; Geertz on, 224n40; on horse races, 27, 33, 39, 82–99, 155, 213, 240nn1–3; lottery, 87; Malaby on, 245n50; pachinko, 6, 83, 95–96. See also games; indebtedness
- gambling tickets, 84–86, 91, 98–100, 211, 240n2, 240n6, 243n33. See also betting cards
- games: dice, 91, 93, 96, 100, 111, 211; Don-Don, 93, 212; flower cards, 26, 87, 92, 213, 214, 227n15, 241n7; hanafuda, 26, 87, 213, 227n15, 241n7. See also gambling
- gang, as term, 251nn30–31
- Geertz, Clifford, 224n40, 244n39, 245n47, 255n10
- gender, 13, 29–30, 32–33, 195–99, 224n45, 258nn8–9. See also masculinity
- generational trauma, 187–88
- geta, 76, 165, 212, 238n38
- gifting, 27, 35, 45, 106, 120, 187, 245n48, 248n9, 249nn13–14
- Gill, Tom, 9, 223n31, 233n7, 235n16
- Girard, René, 250n20
- giri-ninjō, 165, 166, 212, 216
- Goffman, Erving, 245n47
- grief, 182–84
- gumi, as term, 228n17
- gyangu, 251nn30–31
- gyōza, 84, 212
- haji, 16, 37, 113, 149, 164–65, 212–13, 216, 222n29, 254n6, 254nn5–6
- hallucinations. See delirium tremens
- hanafuda, 26, 87, 213, 227n15, 241n7. See also gambling
- harakiri, 213. See also suicide and suicide attempts
- Hashimoto Tōru, 226n6
- hierarchy, 29–30, 33
- Hinin, 213. See also Buraku
- Hiroshima, 8, 155
- Hiroshima Toyo Carp, 100
- hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi), 3, 4, 17, 44–45, 82, 213, 219n3, 233n8. See also labor market
- hiyayakko, 84, 213
- “homeless,” as term, 227n14
- homophobia, 225n48. See also transphobia
- honor, 13, 119–47
- horse-race gambling, 27, 33, 39, 82–99, 155, 213, 240nn1–3. See also gambling
- hospitals. See medical clinics and hospitals; mental hospital
- Human Rights Watch, 197
- iji, 13, 65, 112, 136, 181, 256n12, 258n5. See also recognition
- ijime, 96, 127, 195–97, 250n19. See also violence
- illness. See work-related illnesses
- Imado neighborhood, Tokyo, 24, 226n8
- Incarcerated and Incorrigible (Abe), 111
- indebtedness, 104–17, 178, 215. See also gambling
- individualism, 18–19, 163–70. See also sociality
- ippan shakai, 10–11
- irezumi. See tattoos
- Iroha arcade, 25
- Ishihara Shintaro, 143, 144
- itai-itai byō, 118, 160, 213, 247n2
- kado o otosu, 213
- kaki no tane, 76, 213
- Kanamachi-ikka, 27, 28, 37, 45, 53, 55, 132, 228n17, 229n23. See also yakuza, overview; Yamaguchi-gumi
- Kansai yakuza, 247n4. See also yakuza, overview
- Kant, Immanuel, 240n10
- kashira, 28, 108, 213
- keiba, 27, 33, 39, 82–99, 155, 213, 240nn1–3. See also gambling; horse-race gambling
- keiretsu system, 234n15
- keirin, 87, 213
- kiken work, 8
- kiritori, 20, 39, 108, 202, 213
- kitanai work, 8
- Kitaōji Kin’ya, 3
- kitsui work, 8
- knife scars, 10, 26–27, 227n16
- Koi-Koi, 214. See also flower card games
- Kondo, Dorinne, 222n29, 234n11, 236n27
- konjō, 214, 257n22
- konkuri, 62–63, 214
- koseki, 214, 226n8, 254n4
- Kotobukichō district, Yokohama, 9, 24, 39
- Kristeva, Julia, 257n20
- kumade, 111, 214
- kyōdaibun, 65, 165, 211, 214, 229n23
- kyōtei, 65, 87, 214. See also gambling
- labor broker. See tehaishi
- labor market, 45–65. See also hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi)
- labor migration, 247n1
- labor power, 79–81, 221n15, 232n3, 239n44
- Lacan, Jacques, 223n33, 230n31, 231n34, 238n41, 240n3
- lawless zone, 14, 30, 107, 127, 133, 134
- LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), 144
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 29, 229n20, 240n6
- LGBTQ community, 197. See also transgender persons, violence against
- Liebow, Elliot, 14
- lifeline, 202, 203, 208
- lottery, 87, 89–90, 91, 96, 99, 241n7. See also gambling
- Lukács, Georg, 77, 238n39
- māku kādo, 214, 240n2
- mama-chari, 53–54, 214
- mama-san, 6, 75, 104, 105, 111, 136, 202, 214, 229n22
- Marx, Karl, 46, 48, 67, 68, 99, 234n13, 235nn21–22, 236n26, 236n28, 237n31, 238n32
- masculinity: indebtedness and, 104–17; self-reliance and, 30–31; shamelessness and, 36, 164–65, 178; stigmatization of, 220n7; transgressive expressions of, 3, 11, 12–13, 14, 111–12, 203; violence and, 124. See also gender; otoko; trope of the otoko
- maternalism, 15
- matriarchy, 15, 229n21
- matsu, 213, 214, 241n7
- Matsukata Hiroki, 3
- Mauss, Marcel, 120, 245n48, 248n8, 249n13, 249n14
- Mazda, 100
- meal service charity work. See Sanyukai
- medical clinics and hospitals, 31, 34, 38–40, 200. See also mental hospital
- mental disabilities, 12
- mental hospital, 146, 174–75, 180. See also medical clinics and hospitals
- meth, 3, 11, 142, 216
- misogyny, 15
- missing fingers, 10, 43, 227n16
- Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., 247n2
- Miyakojima, 1, 190–200. See also Okinawa, overview
- Miyazaki Manabu, 4–5, 15, 199–200, 233n5, 233n8, 248n12, 249n15, 252n32
- mizuwari, 46, 173, 214
- moai, 256nn12–13
- monopolistic capitalism, 236n29
- morning market, 44, 211
- muenbochi, 187, 214
- muhō chitai, 14, 30, 107, 127, 133, 134
- mujin kō, 166–68, 214–15, 255n10, 255nn10–11, 256n12
- Nagasaki, 8
- naichi, 1, 194, 215
- nakama, 11, 28, 107, 215, 228n18, 251n30
- Namidabashi, 22, 23. See also San’ya district, overview
- naming conventions, 228n19
- navvy work, 39, 47, 49, 63, 67, 69–70, 212, 231n37. See also construction work; hiyatoi rōdōsha (hiyatoi)
- negiri, 71, 215
- neoliberalism, 7, 15, 204, 221n15, 224n38
- New Battles without Honor and Humanity (film), 3
- Nibikikai yakuza, 39, 108, 119, 136, 151, 209. See also yakuza, overview
- Nikkan Sports (publication), 84
- Nishinariku district, Osaka, 24
- nuclear decontamination work, 46, 54, 58, 209, 235n19, 259n13. See also Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
- nuclear gypsies, 7, 8, 221n17
- nuclear labor, 221n15, 232n2, 235n19, 235n24
- Obon festival, 113, 128, 146, 215, 246n59
- Oicho-Kabu, 93, 171, 215, 227n15
- Okinawa, overview, 1, 12, 194, 219n1, 257nn1–2. See also Miyakojima
- Okinawa-gang, overview, 27–29, 162, 210, 228n17. See also yakuza, overview
- Olympic Games (1964), 8, 205, 220n4
- Olympic Games (2020), 8, 205, 222n19
- omikoshi, 155, 215
- on, 104–17, 178, 215. See also gambling
- “opening a hole,” 50, 211, 217
- osechi ryōri, 129, 215, 251n25
- otoko, 215–16. See also masculinity; trope of the otoko
- “Otoko” (Tsuruta), 205, 247n5, 248n6
- otsumami, 216
- out-of-work aid, 31, 211, 230n26
- Oyama Shiro, 225n2, 227n12, 231n35, 234n14, 236n25, 250n21, 251n31, 256n16
- pachinko, 6, 83, 95–96. See also gambling
- Palace Hotel, 225n4
- performativity of gender, 15, 224n45. See also gender; masculinity
- personhood, 13
- Pine, Jason, 14
- pinhane, 50, 53, 54, 62, 63, 80, 140, 214, 216, 234n12, 235n19, 241n7
- pooling club. See mujin kō
- postwar economic recovery, 15, 25, 180, 205, 219n4, 224n39. See also World War II
- potter’s field burial, 187
- Poulot, Denis, 232n37
- power. See labor power
- Precarious Japan (Allison), 223n31
- premature death, 15, 78, 179, 184. See also suicide and suicide attempts
- pride, 65, 123, 136, 181, 256n12, 258n5. See also dignity
- pro wrestling, 249n17
- pūtarō, 20, 216
- Rabinbach, Anson, 239n44, 239n47
- Rabson, Steve, 223n30, 247n1, 257n2, 258n5
- racism, 15, 143–44
- radiation exposure, 7–8
- rank system, 245n46
- recognition, 104–17, 178. See also dignity; state recognition
- reputation, 39–41, 61, 104–17
- research methodology, 19–21
- reserve army of labor, 48
- right-wing political ideologies, 12, 20–21, 108, 143–45, 255n6
- Rizzo, James, 245n45
- rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA). See mujin kō
- Ryūji (film), 255n7
- sacrifice, as term, 5, 220n10
- sakura, 213, 216, 241n7
- Sanja Kensetsu, 54–55
- Sankei News (publication), 109–10
- “San’ya Blues” (song), 82, 205
- San’ya district, overview, 1–17, 22–25, 194–200, 219nn2–4, 220n6. See also Yama, as term
- Sanyukai, 31, 32–43, 115–16, 147–61, 180–81, 186–88, 202–3
- scaffolding work, 39, 49, 62, 67, 68, 71, 73, 74–75, 217, 236n25. See also construction work; tobi
- schizophrenia misdiagnosis, 18, 160–61
- Schüll, Natasha Dow, 240n8, 241n13
- Secretariat (horse), 99, 243n33
- Seichō Corporation, 68
- seimeisen, 202, 203, 208
- seiza, 128, 209, 216
- self-liquidation, 240n11, 240n13
- self-recrimination, 13, 193. See also shame and shamelessness
- self-responsibility, 71, 182, 186
- sentō, 10, 216, 232n1
- sex industry, 8, 143–44, 198
- sexism, 15
- shabu. See meth
- shame and shamelessness, 13, 36, 37, 164–65, 178, 193, 222n29, 252n34
- shatei, 30, 165, 216
- shifting labor, 48–51
- shigoto, 23
- shikatanai, 204–5
- shinjiyūshugi, 7, 15, 204, 221n15, 224n38
- Shinjuku Ni-chōme district, Tokyo, 199
- Shirahige Hospital, 173–75, 181
- Shiro, Oyama, 225n2
- shussho, 216, 246n55
- skilled artisan, 77, 234n10
- Skytree, 57–58
- slacking, 78–79, 81, 226n6, 238n37
- smells, 23, 25, 26, 173, 227n12
- smoking, 76
- sociality, 2, 13, 29, 119–47, 224n36. See also individualism
- Sōgidan, 26, 31, 146, 147, 149, 182, 252n36
- Sohn-Rethel, Alfred, 67, 232n3, 236n29, 237n30, 238n35, 239n45
- Sontag, Susan, 249n17
- sōpurando (sōpu), 216
- Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 15, 144, 253n38
- state recognition, 13, 17, 180, 193–94. See also recognition
- Stewart, Kathleen, 247n66
- stigmatization, 8, 24, 194, 220n7
- Stone, Sandy, 259n14
- Stryker, Susan, 15, 197, 258n9, 258n11
- Sugawara Bunta, 3
- suicide and suicide attempts, 19, 39, 142, 179, 181, 184–85, 188, 192, 193, 195, 200–203, 213. See also premature death
- suji o tōsu, 152–53, 216
- Sumiyoshi-kai, 198, 216, 228n17
- taishū engeki, 16
- Taitō Ward, 48–49
- Takakura, Ken, 3
- takara kuji, 87. See also gambling
- Takeo Doi, 253n44
- Takeshi Kitano, 4
- takidashi, 31, 216
- takobeya, 32, 216–17, 230n28
- Tamahime park, 6
- Tanba Tetsurō, 3
- Taoka Kazuo, 248n11
- tattoos, 10, 26–27, 42
- Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 235n21, 238n37, 239n42
- tehai, 31, 51, 162, 170
- tehaishi, 31, 49–52, 209, 217, 230n27, 233n8, 241n7
- tekiya, 141, 215, 217, 229n21, 246n59
- tekkinya, 49, 217
- temporality, 13
- Tenjima Company, 32, 48
- “Thing,” as concept, 246n57
- This Is Why I Cannot Quit San’ya (Tsukada), 9
- 3K work, 8, 17
- time, 102, 244n40, 244n42, 248n9
- tobi, 49, 217, 236n25, 239n43. See also scaffolding work
- tobi no temoto, 74, 217
- tofu, 84, 111, 213, 245n55
- tonko suru, 51–52, 217
- toppamono, 4–5, 132, 217
- tori no agemono, 84, 217
- toshikoshi soba, 129, 217, 251n25
- traditionalist political ideologies, 165, 213, 255n6
- transgender persons, violence against, 195–99, 258nn8–9, 259n12. See also gender
- transgressive masculinity, 3, 11, 12–13, 14, 111–12, 203. See also masculinity
- transphobia, 195–99, 258nn8–9, 259n12. See also homophobia
- “Treasure of Islanders, The” (song), 112
- Tristes Tropiques (Lévi-Strauss), 29
- trope of the otoko, 30, 124, 127–28, 193. See also masculinity; otoko
- Tsukada Tsutomu, 9
- Tsuruta Kōji, 205, 247n5, 248n6
- tuberculosis, 8–9
- water-cleansing equipment project, 54, 58, 59, 60
- water pollution and disease, 247n2
- Weber, Samuel, 240n11
- welfare benefits, 30–32, 47–48, 185, 230n25. See also charity
- WINS, 83–85, 88, 97, 240nn1–4. See also horse race gambling
- Wojnarowicz, David, 16–17
- work-related accidents, 12, 66, 70–74, 80, 82, 100–102, 105, 235n23, 236n25
- work-related illnesses, 20, 23, 31, 39, 71, 108, 118–19, 127, 151, 178, 225n3, 235nn24
- “World of Wrestling, The” (Barthes), 125
- World War II, 1, 2, 12, 15, 143, 194, 205–6, 219n4, 224n39, 253n38. See also postwar economic recovery
- yakitori, 84, 110, 217
- yakizakana, 84, 217
- yakusha, 20, 195, 217, 245n51
- yakuza, overview, 2, 3, 26–27, 58–60, 227n16, 245n51, Kanamachi–ikka. See also Kansai yakuza; Nibikikai yakuza; Okinawa-gang, overview; Yamaguchi-gumi
- Yama, as term, 225n1. See also San’ya district, overview
- Yamaguchi-gumi, 106, 109–10, 198, 213, 218, 228n17, 248n11. See also yakuza, overview
- Yama: Yararetara Yarikaese (film), 146, 235n18
- yararetara yarikaese, 141, 252n36
- Yepes, Narciso, 205–6
- yoseba, 2, 189, 205, 218, 221n14, 225n3, 226n5, 254n2
- Yoshimoto Jun’ichi, 226n6
- Yoshiwara district, Tokyo, 10, 24, 61
- yosōya, 86, 218
- Yutaka Take (horse), 99