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INDEX
Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures.
- Ada, 82, 97, 101, 103; Esther and, 106; Richard and, 96, 106, 110
- Addison, Joseph, 7, 10, 12, 23, 32
- Aesop, 84, 90n8, 92, 96, 122, 123; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 90
- aesthetics, 11, 17, 38, 159; physiological, 23
- affectionate lunacy, 117
- Akershem, Sophronia, 192, 200, 201, 202
- Alford, Henry, 15
- All the Year Round, 13, 46, 46n19, 127, 131n11, 132, 154, 154n27, 155; body idiom titles in, 16; sales of, 171
- Allard, James: hypersensible body and, 23n39
- Allison, Sarah, 5–6, 12
- Altick, Richard, 103, 123
- American, The (James), body idioms in, 219
- Andrews, Malcolm, 9, 98, 100
- Angelou, Maya: “hurt people hurt people” and, 139n16
- Anglican Book of Common Prayer, 175
- animality, 144, 149n23, 156, 159, 161, 162; racialized, 151
- Armstrong, Nancy, 69, 105, 106n14
- “Attorney and client, fortitude and impatience,” 112
- Attridge, Derek, 221
- Austen, James, 219
- Austin, J. L.: theory of speech acts of, 180n12
- Badger, Bayham, 106
- Bagnet, Mrs., 116, 117, 117n20
- Bagstock, Joey, 218
- Bagstock, Major, 39, 40, 40, 42, 43, 49, 52, 62, 77; Dombey and, 41; “right-hand man” and, 41, 47, 103
- Bakhtin, Mikhail, 35, 36, 42n13, 43, 47, 47n20, 103, 131, 158, 193; on grotesque style, 120n23; heteroglossic discourse and, 39; on language/historical life, 130; parodic stylizations and, 174; socio-verbal intelligibility and, 144; sociological stylistics of, 17; speech diversity and, 22
- Bannister, John, 145, 146
- barbarism, 8, 11, 165
- Barchester Towers (Trollope), 225
- Barley, George, 19
- Barnaby Rudge (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1, 91, 149, 175
- Barthes, Roland, 126
- “Beadle—The Parish Engine—The Schoolmaster, The” (Dickens), body idiom in, 24
- Beadnell, Maria, 29
- Beamish, Richard, 151
- “Beamish’s gorilla hand plate,” 152
- “Beamish’s navy hand plate,” 153
- Becoming Dickens (Douglas-Fairhurst), body idioms in, 227
- Beer, Gillian, 148, 156–57n28, 168
- Beeton, Isabella, 132, 135
- Bell, Charles, 145, 146, 150, 161, 146n19
- Bell, Marion, 146, 150
- Bentinck, George, 85
- Bentley’s Miscellany, 16, 21, 35, 46n19
- Bernstein, Susan David, 147
- Best, Stephen, 4–5, 6
- Bible, 2, 145, 175, 176, 176n6
- Biddy, 28n43, 130, 169–70
- Blackwood’s, 16, 46n19
- Blake, William, 23
- Bleak House, stay at, 121, 124
- Bleak House (Dickens), 6, 13, 28, 79, 96–97, 111, 114, 119–20, 122–23; body idioms in, 10, 13n21; cohesive effect of, 80–81; Dombey and Son and, 82; filial identification in, 161; idiomatic humor of, 98–101; imagery/theme of, 103; length of, 83; plans for, 92–93; praise for, 80; prospective titles for, 81; puns in, 108; representations of work in, 107; responsibility in, 116, 224; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 17, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 103, 107, 125; working titles for, 127n6
- Blimber, Doctor, 62, 69, 70
- Bloom, Stephen, 222
- “Blunders of Dickens and His Illustrators” (Philip), 77
- Bodenheimer, Rosemarie, 89, 206n33; body idiom and, 226–27; mysterious interplay and, 79; on parody, 179; on self-creation, 17–18; on use/misuse of language, 174n2
- Bodily Nature of Consciousness, The (Wider), 21
- Body Economic, The (Gallagher), 225
- body idioms: body behind, 18–23; (in)visibility of, 12–14; measuring, 226–27; number of, 22, 25, 224; relying on, 175–86; tinkering with, 11–12; using, 2–3, 5, 7–12, 24, 30, 46, 174, 220, 225; workaday, 135
- Body Idioms Used per 100,000 Words, 3 (table)
- body language: early Dickensian, 2327; idiomatic, 11, 218, 223; use/misuse of, 174n2
- Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reasoning, The (Johnson), 21
- Boffin, Dusty, 202, 209; “nose to the grindstone” and, 210, 211; Wegg and, 211
- Boffin, Mr. and Mrs., 177, 186, 187, 205, 209
- Boll, Ernest, 214, 216
- Bolo, Miss, 25, 26
- Book of Household Management (Beeton), 132
- Book of Memoranda (Dickens), 126n2, 195
- Booth, Alison: “mid-range” reading and, 6
- “bound out of hand,” 143, 167
- Bounderby, Josiah, 49, 185, 201n29
- Bourdieu, Pierre, 181; on language/body technique, 180; linguistic exchanges and, 180; social values and, 163; theory of speech acts and, 180n12
- Bowen, John, 48, 89, 182
- Bowles, Hugo, 10n19, 181n13
- Bradbury, Nicola, 92, 119, 122–23, 210; work and, 177, 194
- Bradbury and Evans, 74, 89
- Brantlinger, Patrick, 151, 177
- Brass, Sampson, 27
- Brattin, Joel, 207
- Breen, Henry, 15
- Bridgewater Treatise, 146, 146n19, 150
- Briefel, Aviva: on racialized hands, 156
- British Library Newspapers Digital Archive, 35, 35n5, 47, 85, 135, 197; “brought up by hand” appearances in, 133; “nose to the grindstone” appearances in, 198; “right-hand man” appearances in, 33; “shoulder to the wheel” appearances in, 86
- British Periodicals Archive, 35, 35n5, 47, 85, 135, 197; “brought up by hand” appearances in, 134; “nose to the grindstone” appearances in, 199; “right-hand man” appearances in, 34; “shoulder to the wheel” appearances in, 87
- British Zoological Society, 148
- Bromwich, David, 78
- Brontë, Charlotte, 3, 63n34, 225, 226; body idioms and, 1
- Brooks, Peter, 49, 159, 137n12
- “brought up by hand,” 3, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145; appearances of, 133, 134; breastfeeding and, 13, 28n43; nature/nurture and, 162–63; uniqueness of, 129; using, 6, 17, 130, 132, 155, 167, 169, 170, 171; variations of, 131
- Brown, Carolyn, 167–68
- Brown, Margaret, 129
- Browne, Hablôt K., 50, 51, 52
- Buckland, Adelene, 147
- Bunsby, Jack, 36, 49
- Bunyan, John, 90
- Burnett, Henry, 20
- Butler, Judith, 103
- Butt, John, 25n42, 37, 90, 90n8, 126n1, 127n6; on Bleak House, 80; Great Expectations and, 126
- Buzard, Jim, 82
- Captain Cuttle (play), 50n22
- “Captain Cuttle consoles his friend,” 50
- Carey, John, 98, 182
- Carker, Harriet, 45
- Carker, James, 39, 41, 42, 43, 47, 53, 57, 68, 98; characterizations of, 67n38; Cuttle and, 60, 99; Dombey and, 67; Edith and, 69; as “right-hand man,” 45, 49, 50, 62, 63, 65, 66, 74
- Carker, John, 4
- Carlyle, Thomas, 88, 92, 151, 197; Dickens and, 88n5, 152; Hard Times and, 88n5
- Carroll, Lewis, 227
- Carstone, Richard, 82, 83, 95, 104, 105, 108, 111, 118, 122, 123; Ada and, 96, 106, 110; Chancery suit and, 125; character of, 96, 98, 109; death of, 113, 122; downfall of, 107; Ixion and, 124; Jarndyce and, 101; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 97, 98, 107; Vholes and, 114
- Casey, Edward: on imagination, 216
- Cervantes, Miguel, 219
- Chadwyck-Healey Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 4, 46, 46n16, 89n7
- Chambers, Robert, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 161
- characteristics/characters, idiomatic, 186–93
- Charles Dickens: The World of His Novels (Miller), 17
- Charles Dickens and “Boz” (Patten), 17
- “Charlotte Brontë” (Woolf), body idioms in, 223
- Chartism (Carlyle), 151
- Chase, Karen, 104, 105, 224
- Cheadle, Brian: on work, 177
- Chesterton, G. K., 125
- Chick, Miss, 38, 65
- Christmas Carol, A (Dickens), 6n10, 22, 31n1
- circularity, idiom of, 80–84
- Coavinses, 101–2
- Coleman, Rosemary, 60
- Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: Dickens and, 23
- Collins, Wilkie, 127, 172, 197, 225
- Compeyson, 126n2, 142, 143, 157
- Connor, Steven, 81, 193
- context, intertext and, 84–85, 88–92
- Copperfield, David, 10, 18, 82, 122n27, 124, 129, 191n21; industriousness of, 83
- Corbett, Mary Jean: on Woolf, 223
- Cornhill, 16, 46n19
- Country and the City, The (Williams), 80
- Coutts, Angela Burdett, 88
- criminality, 165; manual labor and, 170
- Culler, Jonathan, 61, 61n32, 61n33; close reading and, 6
- Culliwick, Hannah, 158, 158n29
- Curtis, L. Perry, 151
- Cushman, Miss, 218
- Cuttle, Edward, 17, 36, 37, 41, 43, 45, 48, 50, 89, 208; appearance of, 52; Carker and, 60, 99; critical treatment of, 60; disability for, 53, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61; Dombey and, 51, 72; Edith and, 71; Florence and, 60, 61, 62, 69; illustrations of, 50; as major character, 78n42; motility and, 59n31; planning, 39;prosthesis of, 49, 59, 60, 62, 74; resourcefulness of, 56; as “right-hand man,” 38, 52–53, 55, 57, 59–60, 62–63, 78, 98; title page placement of, 78
- Cuvier, Georges, 147
- Cyberformalism (Shore), 5
- Daily News, 35, 85
- Dallas, E. S., 171
- Dames, Nicholas, 20
- Daniel Deronda (Eliot), 225
- Dartle, Rosa: grindstone and, 195
- Darwin, Charles, 145, 147, 148n23, 149, 151, 161; interconnection and, 156; theory of evolution and, 148; theory of natural selection and, 148–49n23
- data mining, 4, 5, 6, 46n18
- David Copperfield (Dickens), 6n10, 10, 31n1, 52n25, 79, 79n44, 125, 129, 195, 225; character initials in, 92; as Dickens’s favorite, 223; physical abuse in, 135; publication of, 88, 88n5; rereading, 130, 154
- Davis, Lennard: disability and, 54, 62, 71; normalcy and, 53n26
- Day’s Ride, A (Lever), 127
- De Cerjat, W. F., 172
- De Certeau, Michel, 22
- De Man, Paul, 224
- De Saussure, Ferdinand, 180n12
- Dear Reader (Stewart), 225
- deception, 129, 174, 193–97
- Dedlock, Lady, 123, 160
- Dedlock family, 93, 94
- Deering, Dorothy, 16, 46n19
- Derenzy, George Webb: Cuttle and, 57
- Derrida, Jacques, 145
- Dickens, Catherine, 88
- Dickens, Charles: compulsive exercise of, 20; education of, 2; imaginative life of, 29; OED citations of, 220–21; organizational process of, 80–81; physical energy of, 19
- Dickens, Kate: on father/women, 28n44
- Dickens, Mamie: on father’s writing, 19
- Dickens and His Illustrations (Kitton), 77
- “Dickens and Illustration: A Matter of Perspective” (Solberg), 77
- Dickens and the Trials of Imagination (Stewart), 9n18, 17, 220
- Dickens at Work (Butt and Tillotson), 37
- Dickens Theatre, The (Garis), 19
- “Dickens’s Figurative Style” (Gribbles), 48
- “Dickens’s Rhythms” (Douglas-Fairhurst), 48
- Dickens’s Style (Tyler), 48
- Dictionary of the English Language, A (Johnson), 8, 11
- Dictionary of National Biography (Stephen), 9
- Digital Dickens Notes Project, 98
- Digital Textual Studies, 1
- disability, 51–62, 71–72, 74
- discourse, 35, 39, 135, 144; double-voiced, 43, 103; everyday, 24; popular, 47
- Dodson and Fogg, 25, 194
- “dog-eat-dog,” 205, 205n31
- Dombey, as anagram, 56
- Dombey, Edith, 41, 43, 47, 48, 48n21, 64, 65, 99; Carker and, 69; Cuttle and, 71; defiance by, 69n40; endurance of, 67; feminine solidarity with, 66; Florence and, 66
- Dombey, Fanny, 48n21
- Dombey, Florence, 38, 50, 53, 57, 59, 65, 71, 72, 73, 99; Cuttle and, 56, 60, 61, 62, 69; feminine solidarity with, 66; marriage of, 70; Polly and, 48; “right-hand man” and, 55; as “right-hand woman,” 62, 70
- Dombey, Mr., 38, 39, 45; appearance of, 52; autonomy/superiority and, 53; Bagstock and, 41; Carker and, 67; Cuttle and, 51, 72; disability and, 62, 74; Edith and, 41, 65, 66; Florence and, 66–67, 69–73; inspection by, 65; milk kinship and, 64; party by, 43–44; “right-hand man” for, 40–41, 42, 43, 44, 49, 63; “right-hand women” and, 64
- Dombey, Paul, 38, 48, 64, 69; death of, 72; education of, 70
- Dombey and Son (Dickens), 6, 17, 27, 49, 91, 98, 99, 105, 127, 130; Bleak House and, 82; body idioms in, 13n21, 46; commercial/domestic contexts of, 13; criticism of, 60; (dis)ability and, 51–62; embodied rhetoric of, 38–47; end of, 73–74, 77–79; feminine competence and, 63; framing themes in, 55; idiomatic beginning in, 73–74, 77–79; idiomatic expressions and, 30, 31, 38, 50, 79; illustrations for, 74; length of, 83; Marryat influence on, 37n10; masculinity and, 60; new title-page vignette for, 76; planning of, 30–32, 35–38, 72, 78, 80; puns in, 108; “right-hand man” and, 28, 32, 36, 37, 38–47, 48, 51, 59–60, 84, 103; “right-hand manness” in, 49; “right-hand women” in, 62–67, 69; serial number cover design, 75; stage adaptations of, 50n22; themes of, 37–38; writing, 35, 38, 74, 79
- Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert, 20, 22, 22n16, 48, 89, 173; body idiom and, 226–27; on Dickens’s vocabulary, 63
- Dowling, Linda, 15
- Doyce and Clennam, 196
- Drucker, Johanna: digital tools and, 4
- Drummle, Bentley, 148n23, 165
- Du Chaillu, Paul, 148, 149, 150, 161
- Dumas, Alexandre, 219
- Dupin, August, 147
- Eagleton, Terry, 92, 103, 105, 155, 224, 225, 226; on Bleak House, 91
- Edinburgh Review, 15, 16, 46n19
- Elfenbein, Andrew, 63, 70
- Eliot, George, 3, 8, 225, 227; body idioms and, 2, 226
- Eliot, T. S., 80, 217
- Emre, Merve: on Ulysses, 222
- Enchiridion: or A Hand for the One-Handed (Derenzy), 57
- Engels, Friedrich, 166
- English in Nineteenth-Century England (Görlach), 32
- English Novel, The (Eagleton), 226
- Errors in the Use of English (Hodgson), 221
- Estella, 127, 129, 130, 136, 139, 154, 157, 159, 161–66; “brought up by hand” and, 163; fate of, 138; hands of, 159, 160, 162; Havisham and, 137, 137n13, 138, 149n23, 163–64; identity of, 167; Molly and, 156, 161; origins of, 156, 168; physical violence and, 165; Pip and, 138, 156, 162, 163, 164–65; sociodemographic assessment of, 138
- Evelina (Burney), 146n18
- Examiner, The, 35n6, 85, 147
- Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa (du Chaillu), 150
- Eyre, Jane: disparagements of, 1
- Feenix, Cousin, 43
- Ferguson, Frances, 31
- Fiction and Repetition (Miller), 30
- Fielding, K. J., 179, 179n10, 214n37
- finance capital industry, 172, 175
- Firth, William: on Dickens, 20
- Flanders, Judith: phraseological peculiarity and, 46
- Flaubert, Gustave, 219
- Fledgeby, Fascination, 187, 192, 202, 210, 212; described, 205; Lammle and, 203–4; marriage of, 201; reputation of, 191; “sweat of the brow” and, 193
- Flint, Kate, 80, 82, 92
- Ford, George, 9, 90
- Forster, John, 18, 85, 91, 92, 127, 128, 129, 130, 175, 197; on Dickens, 20–21; on Our Mutual Friend, 172
- Forster, Robert, 9
- Foucault, Michel, 117n21, 138n14, 139; energeia and, 21; philology and, 16–17
- Fowler, H. W., 221
- Fraser’s, 16, 46n19
- Furneaux, Holly, 61, 140, 177
- Gad’s Hill, 36, 150, 161
- Gallagher, Catherine, 189, 215, 225
- Gane, Gillian, 60
- Gargery, Joe, 129, 130, 132, 139n16, 157, 164, 169; nature of, 141; nurture of, 168; Pip and, 139, 140, 143; restorative touch of, 140
- Gargery, Mrs. Joe, 129, 132, 135, 137, 141, 164; “brought up by hand” and, 143; physical abuse by, 139, 140; Pip and, 139, 140, 167
- Garis, Robert, 19
- Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie, 54, 54n27
- Gay, Walter, 36, 39, 45, 56, 57, 66, 70, 73; “right-hand man” for, 52–53, 55
- General Theatrical Fund, 88, 89, 93
- “George Eliot” (Woolf), body idioms in, 223
- George, Trooper, 116, 117, 125; Phil and, 118–19, 120
- Gershick, Thomas, 61
- Gibson, Anna, 97, 98
- Gilbert, Pamela, 148n22, 151
- Gills, Solomon, 36, 39, 45, 48, 57, 72, 74
- Gitleman, Lisa, 4
- Gliddery, Bob, 184
- Golden Bowl, The (James), body idioms in, 219–20
- Goodlad, Lauren, 82, 92, 95
- Gore, Clare Walker: on Cuttle, 78n42
- Gorilla, 155; manual savagery of, 154; Negro and, 151
- Görlach, Manfred, 32, 35, 85
- “Gospel of Work,” 82–83, 88, 173
- Gradgrind, Mr., 195
- Graham’s Magazine, 147
- Granger, Edith, 40, 62
- Grass, Sean, 175, 213
- Great Expectations (Dickens), 6, 13, 127, 129, 131, 146, 149–50, 166–67, 169, 172; “brought up by hand” and, 17, 28n43, 135, 142, 144, 154, 156, 156–57n28, 158, 171; character names for, 126n2; complexity of, 128; conscious repetitions in, 130; Darwinian criticism and, 148n23; filial identification in, 161; hands in, 131n10, 158, 159; idiomatic dimension for, 128; “nose to the grindstone” and, 197; nurture and, 135–36; publication of, 132; violence in, 178; writing, 139, 145, 154, 155, 156, 161, 171
- Grener, Adam, 97–98
- Gribbles, Jennifer, 48
- grinding, 200n26, 207, 208, 210
- grindstone, 207; body-length, 196; figurative, 197; social, 200–201
- Guppy, 114, 160
- “Hackney-Coach Stands” (Dickens), 24
- hand, 148, 178; clutching power of, 157, 158; conceptions of, 145; critic’s, 224–27; idiomatic, 126–31; mechanism/vital endowments of, 146; narrative sleight of, 159–65; preponderance of, 131; racialized, 156; secret freemasonry of, 169; transformation of, 165–70; wild/violent, 159. See also “brought up by hand”
- Hand, The (Bell), 146, 146n19
- Hand: Its Mechanism and Endowments as Evincing Design, The (Bell), 150
- “hand of God,” 145, 145n18
- Handel, 143, 168; “brought up by hand” and, 170
- Hansard Corpus, 32
- Hard Times (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1, 49, 150, 175, 185, 218; Carlyle and, 88n5; “nose to the grindstone” and, 195, 201n29
- Hardy, Barbara, 69, 220, 222
- Hardy, Thomas, 3, 42n13
- Harmon estate, 179, 210, 211, 212
- Harmon murder, 180n11, 181, 183, 212
- Hartley, Jenny, 25n42, 69n40, 101
- “haunted lady, or ‘the ghost’ in the looking glass, The,” 190
- Havisham, Miss, 28n43, 127, 129, 130, 142, 157, 166, 167; Estella and, 137, 137n13, 138, 149n23, 163; nurture of, 164; Pip and, 161
- Hawes, Donald, 36n7
- Hayles, Katherine: hyper-reading and, 6
- Hazlitt, William, 23, 23n38, 24
- Headstone, Bradley, 186; defacement of, 209; nose bleeding of, 209; Wrayburn and, 184, 184n16, 185, 206, 206n33, 207–8
- Hecimovich, Gregg, 215
- Heidegger, Martin, 145
- Hercules, 84–85
- “Hercules and the Wagoner” (Aesop), 84–85
- heteroglossia, 43, 103, 104
- Hexam, Charley, 185
- Hexam, Gaffer, 177, 177n7, 179, 182, 183, 186; description of, 178; Harmon murder and, 181; work of, 191
- Hexam, Lizzie, 28, 185, 186, 206, 207, 208, 209; Betty’s death and, 188; hands of, 178; work and, 177, 177n8
- Heywood, John, 200
- Higden, Betty, 28, 186, 187, 188, 190, 210
- High Court of Chancery, 81, 83, 88, 97, 106, 113, 121, 122, 183
- Historie of Man (Bannister), 146
- Histories of Linguistic Forms (Shore), 5
- Hodgson, William Ballentyne, 221
- Hogarth, Georgina, 63
- Hogarth, Mary, 29
- Holmes, Martha Stoddard, 54, 55
- Holofernes, Judith and, 69, 69n39
- Hood, Thomas: poem by, 189, 189n18
- Horne, Richard, 88
- House, Humphry: on Dickens, 176
- House, Madeline, 129
- Household Words, 2, 16, 21, 46n19, 88, 113, 114, 154, 155
- Houston, Gail Turley: on Esther’s hand, 104
- Humanism and Democratic Criticism (Said), 17
- humor, idiomatic, 98–101
- Humphrey, Master, 26
- Ideas to a Pure Phenomenology (Husserl), 19n28
- identity, 120n26, 137n12, 145, 160, 164, 167; biological, 169; masculine, 61, 61n33; moral, 169; social, 69, 180; spectrum of, 56
- idiom absorption, 13, 49, 91, 104, 224
- idiom convergence, 209–12
- idiomatic expressions, 12–13, 18, 22, 26, 37, 78, 98, 131, 135, 162; affinity for, 27; emergence of, 171–75; as linguistic burrs, 47; origins of, 11, 23; using, 10, 24
- idiomatic language, 11, 16, 30, 162; experimenting with, 220; literal and figurative meanings of, 221; using, 1, 2, 2n1, 7, 110
- idiomatic narrative contingency, handling, 131–32, 135–44
- idiomaticity, 144, 158; intentionality and, 212–16; masculinized, 28; nasal, 49
- idioms: at full circle, 123–25; class-defining, 92–98; contextualizing, 6; dominant, 104; embryonic, 23–27; expansion of, 106–17; foot-related, 25; identifying, 6; isolating, 13; licentious, 8, 11, 220; manners and, 8; origins of, 30–32, 35–38; rhetorical variations of, 29; term, 7–8; using, 1, 7n12, 196
- imagination, 5, 61, 171, 189, 216, 220; creative, 212; development of, 17, 29, 31; fictional, 3; idiomatic, 5, 26–29, 69, 73, 79, 91, 98, 103, 114–15, 119; mature, 216
- Imagining, phenomenological study of, 216
- Ingham, Patricia, 42
- Inimitable, 3, 10–11, 110, 216, 218, 220, 227
- intention, philology and, 14–18
- intentionality, idiomaticity and, 212–16
- interconnectedness, 144, 156, 158, 159, 166, 167, 215
- intertext, context and, 84–85, 88–92
- Irish Railway Bill, 85
- Ixion, 109, 109n16, 124
- Jaffe, Audrey, 206, 214
- Jaggers, Mr., 138, 141, 143, 156, 170; Molly and, 159
- Jakobson, Roman, 61n32, 61n33
- James, Henry, 173; body idioms and, 217–23; Dickens and, 219, 220
- James, Stephen, 209
- Jane Eyre (Brontë), 63n34, 225
- Jarndyce, John, 81–82, 83, 95, 100, 102, 104, 106–7, 110, 114, 122; Richard’s character and, 96, 98, 101
- Jarndyce, Tom, 81–82, 95, 109
- Jarndyce suit, 81–82, 97, 107, 108, 114
- Jellyby, Caddy, 98, 99, 119n22, 124, 125
- Jellyby, Mr., 119, 119n22
- Jellyby, Mrs., 119, 125
- Jo, 82, 120, 123; death of, 122; Phil and, 121; Turveydrop and, 121
- Jobling, Tony, 114
- Joe B., 42, 44
- “Joe B. is sly, sir, devilishly sly,” 44
- Johnson, Mark, 21, 21n33, 23
- Johnson, Samuel, 10, 11, 12; idiomatic phrasing and, 8; licentious idioms and, 220
- Jordan, John O., 89, 89n6
- Joseph, Gerhard, 57, 216n38
- Joseph Rushbrook (Marryat), 36n8
- Joyce, James: artistic language of, 221; Dickens and, 220–21; idiomatic body in, 217–23; imaginative language of, 222; literal/figurative meanings and, 222; wordplay by, 222
- Joyce, Simon, 90
- Joyce’s Voices (Kenner), 221
- Judith, Holofernes and, 69, 69n39
- Kant, Immanuel, 18n26, 145
- Kaplan, Fred: notion and, 195
- Kemble, Charles, 19
- Kemble, John Mitchell, 14, 15
- Kenner, Hugh, 221
- Kent, Duke, 42
- Kiely, Robert, 214
- King Lear (Shakespeare), 164n31
- Kitton, Frederic, 77
- Knoepflmacher, U. C., 98, 174n4; on “nonnurturant” upbringing, 136; on Our Mutual Friend, 214–15
- Knowing Dickens (Bodenheimer), 17
- Kreilkamp, Ivan, 9n17, 50n22, 157n28
- Krook, 114, 115, 116, 157n28
- labor, 165, 181, 182, 185, 186, 188, 193; conceptions of, 178–79; criminality and, 170; lower-class, 161; manual, 170; relationships to, 177; of writing, 197. See also work
- Lakoff, George, 21, 21n33
- Lammle, Alfred, 187, 200, 201–2, 210; Fledgeby and, 203–4; nose of, 202n30, 203, 205; “nose to the grindstone” and, 205; reputation of, 191–92; Riah and, 192
- language: colloquial, 7, 9, 32; common, 2, 15, 32, 39, 144; creative informality of, 220; doodling, 25; English, 11, 15, 46n19; “familiar style,” 23; figurative, 38; literary, 15; physiological theories of, 21; popular, 15; purity, 16; social history of, 46; “vulgar,” 15, 32. See also idiomatic language; vernacular language
- language alteration, 7, 46, 158, 182
- Language and Symbolic Power (Bourdieu), 180
- Law, Jules, 64, 65
- Lectures on the Science of Language (Müller), 15n24
- Ledger, Sally, 85, 177, 205, 205n31
- Leicester, Sir, 93, 94, 95, 96, 106
- Letters of Charles Dickens (House, Storey, Tillotson, and Brown), 129
- Levenson, Michael, 104, 105, 224
- Lever, Charles, 127, 131n11
- Levine, George, 154, 156n28, 216, 216n38
- Lewes, George Henry, 8, 91, 98, 161
- Life and Labours of Hablot Knight Browne, “Phiz” (Thomson), 77
- Lightwood, Mortimer, 28, 177, 179, 181, 182, 184, 207–8, 212; “sweat of the brow” and, 183
- listening, walking and, 22n36, 23
- listening narrator, 42, 42n13, 43, 103, 110
- literacy, rise of, 32, 85
- Little Dorrit (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1, 45n15, 127n6, 195–96, 218
- Little Nell, 54, 150
- Lougy, Robert, 90
- Lyrical Ballads (Wordsworth), 23
- Lytton, Bulwer, 197
- Magwitch, Abel, 128, 130, 149n23, 157, 170; “brought up by hand” and, 141, 142; hands of, 166, 167n33; Molly and, 156, 164; Pip and, 141, 142, 156, 165–66, 166–67, 168–69
- Mahlberg, Michaela, 5n6, 5n8
- “Major Bagstock is delighted to have that opportunity,” 40, 77
- manual anxieties, coming to grips with, 144–59
- Marcus, Sharon, 4–5, 6
- Marcus, Steven, 22, 25, 25n42
- “Market Gardens” (Dickens), 155
- Marryat, Frederick, 36, 37n10, 46, 57; novels by, 36n8
- Martin Chuzzlewit (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1, 218
- Marx, Karl, 166, 167
- Masson, David, 7
- Mayhew, Henry: description of, 178
- McCarthy, Justin, 213, 219
- McMaster, Juliet, 179, 179n10, 214
- Memoir on the Gorilla (Owen), 150
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice: motility and, 59n31
- metaphors, 55, 116, 122, 207; complicated, 37; proliferation of, 80
- methodologies, 12; Bakhtinian, 7; digital, 4–7
- Michie, Helena, 106, 106n14
- milk kinship, 37n9, 64
- Mill-Lock, Weir, 187
- Miller, Andrew, 36n9, 61, 138n15; on Dombey, 48, 48n21; on Florence, 73
- Miller, D. A., 117n21, 224–25; body idioms by, 225
- Miller, J. Hillis, 30, 123, 128, 142, 179, 179n10, 214, 224; on Bleak House, 80; on Dombey, 37n11; on imagining mind, 19; on Poulet, 226; “right-hand man” and, 31; writing of, 17
- “Mind of Brutes, The” (Household Words), 113
- “Missing Link, The” (Punch), 150–51
- “Mr. Carker in his hour of triumph,” 68
- Mitchell, Charlotte, 132
- Mitchell, David: disability and, 71–72
- Mitchell, Sally, 106, 106n14
- Modern English Literature: Its Blemishes and Defects (Breen), 15
- Modern English Usage (Fowler), 221
- “Modern Fiction” (Woolf), 223
- Modern Philology, 214, 216
- Molly, 28n43, 130, 154, 165, 168; Estella and, 156, 161; hands of, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 166; Irishness of, 155; Jaggers and, 159; Magwitch and, 156, 164; Pip and, 159; racialized ethnicity of, 156
- Mouths of the Vulgar, 8, 10
- Müller, Friedrich Max, 15, 15n24, 16
- Munby, Arthur, 158, 158n29, 159, 184
- “Murders in the Rue Morgue, The” (Poe), 147, 150
- Mystery of Edwin Drood, The (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1
- National Humanities Center, 1
- Native, as “right-hand man,” 40, 41
- nature, 161; nurture and, 138, 158, 162–63
- Nayder, Lillian, 28, 89
- Neckett, Charley, 28, 83, 95n9, 101–2, 111, 124, 125; death of, 102; hands of, 178; responsibility/industry and, 102–3; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 105
- New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 14
- New and Improved Grammar of the English Tongue (Hazlitt), 23
- New Literary History, 224
- Newgate Prison, 138, 163
- Newsom, Robert, 60
- Nicholas Nickleby (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1, 38, 175
- Nipper, Susan, 65, 66, 69
- “Noble Savage, The” (Dickens), 154
- North British Review, 8
- “nose to the grindstone,” 3, 6, 12, 13, 17, 174n3, 193–97, 200, 209; appearances of, 198, 199; development of, 194; rhetoric of, 201; using, 175, 196, 202, 203–4, 205
- Not So Bad as We Seem (play), 88
- Novel and the Police, The (Miller), 224
- nurture, 156–57, 164; nature and, 138, 158, 162–63
- O’Connell, Daniel, 85, 88
- Oedipus Rex (Sophocles), 90
- O’Farrell, Mary Ann, 28
- Old Curiosity Shop, The (Dickens), 6n10, 26, 31n1, 150; success of, 38; writing, 175
- Oliphant, Margaret, 3, 8
- Oliver Twist (Dickens), 6n10, 8, 26, 31n1, 91, 106n14, 128, 129, 135, 160; filial identification in, 161; success of, 38; writing, 175
- On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 147, 148, 149, 154n27, 157n28, 158; publication of, 145
- On the Study of Words (Trench), 15
- One, Other, and Only, The (Stewart), body idioms in, 225
- orientation: body, 21, 22; errors in, 77; gendered, 63; idiomatic, 89, 117; philological, 15, 17; psychological, 19; social, 14
- Orlick, 126n2, 142, 149n23, 157
- Orwell, George, 105, 176
- Our Mutual Friend (Dickens), 6, 6n10, 13, 31n1, 200, 211, 225; body idioms in, 13n21, 174, 194, 212; criticism of, 213, 214; development of, 171–72, 179; idiomatic imagination and, 27; James review of, 219; labor in, 186; “nose to the grindstone” and, 17, 174n3, 193, 195, 197, 201, 202, 203, 204, 209; prose style in, 200n27; reading, 171; setting of, 172; social atmosphere of, 205; social cruelty in, 206; structure of, 214; “sweat of the brow” and, 176, 176n5; work and, 177; writing, 173, 175, 214–15
- “Our Nearest Relation,” 154, 155
- Owen, Richard, 149n24, 150, 161
- Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms, 2
- Oxford English Dictionary (OED), 7, 14, 15, 32, 35, 57, 85, 100, 114, 116
- Pacious, Kathleen, 215
- “Pantomime of Life, The” (Dickens), 21
- parody, 101, 179, 180
- Past and Present (Carlyle), 88, 92
- Patten, Robert, 8, 17, 48, 111, 128
- Pearsall, Logan, 10
- Peel, Robert, 35n6, 85
- Percival Keene (Marryat), 36n8, 46
- Perker, Mr.: Pickwick and, 25
- perseverance, 54, 72, 83, 93, 96, 117, 119; empty rhetoric of, 123; personal/professional, 109
- Peter Simple (Marryat), 36
- Peters, Laura, 154n27, 157n28
- “Phenomenology of Reading” (Poulet), 224
- Philip, Alex, 77
- Philological Society of London, 14
- philology: English, 14, 14n23; German, 14n21, 15; intention and, 14–18; participatory, 14
- Phineas Redux (Trollope), 46
- physicality, 18–19, 21, 56, 105, 106n14
- Physiology of the Novel, The (Dames), 20
- Pickwick, Mr., 25, 26, 194
- Pickwick Papers, The (Dickens), 6n10, 25, 25n42, 31n1, 37n11, 38, 194
- Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 90
- Pip, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 135, 137, 148–49n23, 155; “brought up by hand” and, 140, 141, 167; Estella and, 138, 156, 162, 163, 164–65; hands of, 165, 167n33, 168, 169; Havisham and, 161; Herbert and, 143, 164, 166; Joe and, 139, 140, 143; Magwitch and, 141, 142, 156, 165–66, 166–67, 168–69; Molly and, 159; moral development of, 169; Mrs. Joe and, 139, 140, 167; nature/nurture and, 163; physical abuse of, 140; upbringing of, 136, 140–41, 142, 144, 157; Wemmick and, 143, 163
- Piper, Andrew, 4, 4n4, 5n7
- “Plates of the Encyclopedia, The” (Barthes), 126
- Pocket, Camilla, 157
- Pocket, Herbert, 136, 137n13, 157, 165, 168; Pip and, 143, 164, 166
- Pocket, Matthew, 157
- Podsnap, Georgiana, 201, 202, 203, 204
- Podsnap, John, 191
- Poe, Edgar Allan, 61n33, 147, 150
- Politics and Letters (Williams), 1
- Poovey, Mary, 177, 225; on Our Mutual Friend, 172–73
- Portrait of a Lady, The (James), body idioms in, 219
- Potterson, Abbey, 183
- Poulet, Georges, 91, 104, 224, 226
- Price, Janet, 53
- Project Gutenberg, 46n16, 89n7
- Proverbs in the English Tongue (Heywood), 200
- Pscyhotomy of the Hand (Beamish), 151
- Pumblechook, 129, 142, 143, 164, 167n33, 169
- Punch, 150
- puns, 61, 61n33, 108
- Pykett, Lyn: on work, 177, 177n8
- Rabelais and His World (Bakhtin), grotesque body in, 120
- racial degeneration, theories of, 148
- rarity, 30–32, 35–38, 35n5, 45, 46, 84, 132; extreme, 73, 89
- Rattlin the Reefer (Marryat), 36n8
- “Raven, The” (Poe), 61n33
- “Raw Data” Is an Oxymoron (Gitleman), 4
- Real Life of Mary Ann Evans, The (Bodenheimer), 227
- realism, 120n23, 177, 189n17
- Reductive Reading (Allison), 5, 12
- Reed, John: on Our Mutual Friend, 215
- repetitions, 84, 110, 143, 162, 179, 183, 211; conscious/unconscious, 129–30; ebbs/flows in, 10; isolated, 30–31
- responsibility, 80, 120, 125; personal, 92, 97; shirking, 119; shouldering, 91, 103, 224
- Riah, Mr., 191, 202, 204; Lammle and, 192; “sweat of the brow” and, 193
- Richards, Thomas: Great Exhibition and, 166n32
- Riderhood, Pleasant, 178
- Riderhood, Rogue, 28, 178, 179, 180n11, 189, 208; behavior of, 184–85; description of, 210; extortion by, 188; labor and, 181, 182, 185, 186; parody of, 180; “sweat of the brow” and, 181, 187–88; working class and, 180; Wrayburn and, 182, 187
- “right-hand”: feminine solidarity, 105; status, 70, 73
- “right-hand man,” 3, 6, 12, 13, 28, 38–47, 56, 62, 84–85; appearances of, 33, 34s; being, 59–60, 63, 65, 73; idiomatic orientation of, 89; instances of, 35, 35n5; lack of, 64; using, 31, 32, 36–37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 51, 70, 72–73
- “right-hand manness,” 37, 46, 49, 62–63
- “right-hand mistress,” 67, 69
- “right-hand wife,” 67
- “right-hand woman,” 28, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72; possibilities of, 63; using, 73
- “right-hand womanness,” 28, 37, 46, 69
- Risam, Roopika, 5, 5n8
- Robson, Catherine, 24
- Rodas, Julia Miele, 52, 52n25
- Rokesmith, Secretary, 177, 180n11, 202, 205, 210
- Rosenberg, Edgar, 126, 128, 139, 220
- Rouncewell, Mr., 96, 97, 105, 106, 107, 110; “shoulder the wheel” and, 94, 98
- Rouncewell, Mrs., 93, 95, 116
- Royal College of Physicians, logo for, 146, 146
- “Ruined Mill House, The,” Bleak House and, 81
- Said, Edward: aesthetic hypothesis of, 17
- Sala, George, 88
- Salem House, 129
- Satis House, 127, 137n12, 138, 148n23, 162, 164; Pip at, 137, 161
- Saturday Review, 85, 213
- savages, 15, 141, 148n22, 149n23, 154, 178; Irish, 151
- Scenes of Clerical Life (Eliot), 225
- Schaffer, Talia, 71, 191n21, 120
- Schlicke, Paul, 139
- Schor, Hilary, 37, 54, 82, 105, 123
- Scrooge, Ebenezer, 195
- sensitivity, 23n39, 62, 136–37, 137–38, 169
- “shadow in the little parlor, The,” 58
- Shakespeare, William, 7n12, 164n31, 220
- Sharp, Becky: depiction of, 67n38
- Shildrick, Margrit, 53
- Shore, Daniel, 5
- “shoulder to the wheel,” 3, 6, 12, 13, 17, 81, 98, 99, 119, 123; appearances of, 86, 87; personal responsibility and, 92; using, 83, 84, 91, 93–95, 101, 105, 106, 107, 109–10, 125; variations of, 90
- shouldering, 91, 110, 113, 116, 117, 118, 121, 224
- Shuttleworth, Russell: on disability, 60–61
- Siebers, Tobin, 59
- Sisyphus, 107, 109n16
- Sketches by Boz, Illustrative of Everyday Life and Every-day People (Dickens), 6n10, 24, 31n1
- Skewton, Mrs., 40, 41, 42, 44, 47, 52, 74; as “right-hand woman,” 62
- Skimpole, Harold, 90, 102, 114, 122, 125; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 101
- “Slang” (Dickens), 21
- slangular, 11
- Sloppy, 187, 211, 212
- Smallweed, Grandfather, 118
- Smallweed, Mr., 105, 115, 116, 117n20
- Smallweed family, 115, 115, 116
- “Smallweed family, The,” 115
- Smith, L. P., 11, 23
- Smith, Olivia, 32
- Snuphanuph, Lady, 25
- Snyder, Sharon: disability and, 71–72
- Sobchak, Vivian, 55
- social contexts, 72, 149
- social dominance, 176, 204
- social mastery, 174, 206
- social power, 202, 203, 204
- Solberg, Sarah, 77
- “Song of the Shirt, The” (Hood), 189
- Sparsit, Mrs.: nosiness of, 49
- Spectator, The (Addison), 7
- Spenlow and Jorkins, 83
- “spinning one’s wheels,” 107, 108
- Spitzer, Leo, 13, 49
- Spivak, Gayatri: on digital methodologies, 4n2
- Squod, Phil, 83, 104, 105, 125; deformation of, 120n26; described, 117–18; George and, 118–19, 120; Jo and, 121; perseverance of, 119
- Steig, Michael, 67, 69n39
- Stephen, Leslie: on Dickens, 9
- Stewart, Garrett, 9n18, 10, 17, 62, 78n43, 91, 108, 120n24, 173n1, 220; body idioms and, 26, 225; Dickensian “style” and, 47, 215–16; figures and, 26; liturgical formula and, 193; on Our Mutual Friend, 173–74; Vholes and, 112n18
- Stone, Harry, 126n3, 128n8, 145, 169; on Dickens, 130n9; on Dombey, 79; on Our Mutual Friend, 172
- Storey, Graham, 129
- Story of Alice, The (Douglas-Fairhurst), body idioms in, 227
- “Street Haunting” (Woolf), 22
- substitution, 36, 36n9, 39, 42, 73, 78; thematic of, 63
- Summerson, Esther, 82, 96, 99, 101, 102, 108, 111, 114, 119, 123; Ada and, 106; appraisal of, 104, 105; Bleak House and, 124; hand of, 104; moral resolution of, 125; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 28, 83, 105, 110; work ethic of, 104, 106
- Summerson, Tom, 124
- surface reading, 6
- surrogacy: “right-handed,” 73, 79; thematic of, 63
- Sussman, Herbert, 57
- “sweat of the brow,” 3, 6, 180, 181, 183, 187–88, 193, 292; development of, 194; using, 175, 176, 176n5, 182
- Swiveller, Dick, 27
- Tale of Two Cities, A (Dickens), 6n10, 31n1, 175; “nose to the grindstone” and, 195
- Tappertit, Simon, 194, 195
- Ternan, Ellen, 175
- Thackeray, William, 3, 46; body idioms and, 1; Sharp and, 67n38; social satires of, 2
- thematics, 12, 37, 48, 63, 130, 131, 135; imaginative, 103; structural, 103
- theory of evolution, 131, 148, 148n22, 150, 156–57
- Thomas, William Moy, 155
- Thomson, David Croal, 77
- Thomson, Thomas: “shoulder to the wheel” and, 88
- Thorpe, Benjamin: philology and, 14
- Tillotson, Kathleen, 25n42, 37, 51, 90, 90n8, 126n1, 127n6, 129; on Bleak House, 80; on Dombey, 51; Great Expectations and, 126
- Tiny Tim, 54
- Tippins, Lady, 191
- Tom-all-Alone, 82, 92, 113, 114, 121, 122, 124
- Tomalin, Claire, 20, 64n35, 98
- “tongue-in-cheek,” 1
- Toodle, Polly, 38, 48, 64n35, 64n36; examination of, 65; as “right-hand woman,” 62, 64
- Tox, Miss, 39, 48, 54, 65, 72, 73; on Cuttle, 59
- Treatise (Bell), 146, 146n19, 150
- Treatise on the Diseases of Children, A (Underwood), 132
- Trench, Richard Chenevix, 15, 16, 176, 176n6
- Trollope, Anthony, 3, 8, 46, 225
- Tromp, Marlene, 106, 106n14
- Turveydrop, Mr., 100, 105, 111, 118, 125; characterization of, 98, 99; Jo and, 121; as “model of Deportment,” 98, 99; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 101
- Turveydrop, Prince, 98–99
- Turveydrop Dancing Academy, 99, 100, 102
- Twist, Oliver, 26, 129, 153–54, 160
- Tyler, Daniel, 24, 48, 128; on Dickens/style, 47–48
- Vale of Taunton, 107, 125
- Vanity Fair (Thackeray), 2, 46, 67n38
- Veneerings, 191, 200, 212
- Venus, 177n7, 209; Wegg and, 210–11
- vernacular language, 10, 47, 78, 227; bodily, 48; proliferation of, 13
- Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (Chambers), 146, 147, 149, 150
- Vholes, Mr., 105, 107, 108, 111, 112–13, 112n18, 115, 116, 122; living arrangements of, 114; professional mantra and, 113; Richard and, 114; “shoulder to the wheel” and, 109, 109n16, 110; Vale of Taunton and, 125
- Victoria & Albert Museum, 41, 93
- Victorians, 28, 46n17, 135, 147, 149, 151; hands and, 178
- Villette (Brontë), 225
- violence, 106n14, 151, 155–56, 161; physical, 135, 140, 157, 165, 178
- Vlock, Deborah, 98
- Walder, Dennis, 22, 149n25; everyday and, 24n40
- Wales, Katie, on Joyce, 221, 222
- walking: listening and, 22n36, 23; rhetoric of, 22
- Warren’s Blacking Factory, 2, 9, 22
- Waters, Catherine, 36n9, 48, 55n28
- Weevle, Mr., 114, 115
- Wegg, Silas, 28, 54, 187, 209; Boffin and, 211; grindstone and, 211; Venus and, 210–11
- Welsh, Alexander, 148n23, 176
- Wemmick, 154–55; Pip and, 143, 163
- Westminster Review, 213, 219
- Wider, Kathleen, 21
- Wilberforce, Samuel, 149n24
- Wilfer, Bella, 187, 202, 205
- Willet, Joe, 194, 195
- Williams, Raymond, 1, 13, 39, 73–74, 80, 81, 84
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 108, 142
- Wold, Chesney, 93–94, 95, 116
- Woman in White, The (Collins), 225
- Wood, Claire, 177n7, 193
- Woodcourt, Allan, 83, 107, 121, 125
- Woolf, Virginia, 22; body idioms and, 224; David Copperfield and, 223; idiomatic body in, 217–23; Victorian predecessors of, 223
- word count, 219n4, 224n9; pagination and, 227
- wordplay, 56; idiomatic, 170, 222; literal/figurative and, 222
- Wordsworth, William, 23
- work, 176, 177, 184, 189, 191; Dickensian, 177; representation of, 107; term, 194. See also labor
- working class, 176, 180, 183, 187
- Wrayburn, Eugene, 28, 177, 179, 183, 186, 189, 209, 212; goading by, 185; Headstone and, 184, 184n16, 185, 206, 206n33, 207–8; Riderhood and, 182, 187; work and, 184
- Wrayburn and Lightwood (firm), 180, 181
- Wren, Jenny, 28, 177, 189n17, 191n21, 212; “sweat of the brow” and, 189
- “Writer as Artist, The” (Eliot), 217
- writing: labor of, 197; styles/Dickensian, 12; as theatrical acting, 19, 20
- Wuthering Heights (Brontë), 225