Index

• Ab Urbe Condita (Livy), 131
• Abel, Lionel, 40
• Achilles, 22–25, 137, 139, 146
• action, irreversibility of, 100
• Actium, Battle of, 169, 176
• Adelman, Janet, 151–152, 153, 224n80
• Aeneid (Vergil), 22, 23, 24–25, 169
• Aeschylus, 24–25
• aesthetic judgment, 155–156
• Affeldt, Steven G., 34, 35, 216n3, 217n4
• “Against Dryness” (Murdoch), 109, 111
• Agricola (Tacitus), 136
• Akin, Todd, 98
• Alcibiades (Timon of Athens), 88, 92–93, 197n8
• Alexander, Nigel, 42
• All's Well That Ends Well (Shakespeare), 178n7, 183n8
• Améry, Jean, 58–59, 60
• anger
  • Aquinas on, 20
  • grief and, 14–15, 20–21, 28–29
• Annals (Tacitus), 172
• Anscombe, Elizabeth, 102
• Antony (Antony and Cleopatra), 157–161, 162–164, 166–170, 171, 172–175
• Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare)
  • chronology and, 216n2
  • as critique of judgment, 4–5
  • Hamlet and, 16
  • Hunter on, 6
  • inclusion of, 3
  • judgment in, 149–152, 154, 157, 160
  • modes of talking in, 158–161
  • opening scene of, 148
  • relationships in, 161–171
  • suicide in, 171–173
  • titles of wife and husband in, 161–162
  • uncertainty in, 152
  • world in, 158–159
• Apologie for Poetry (Sidney), 26
• Aquinas, Thomas, 20, 45–46, 87–88, 102
• Arendt, Hannah, 5, 7, 49, 100, 130, 135, 150, 154, 191n20, 200n26, 209–210n30, 211n43
• Aristotle, 20, 50, 77, 82
• As You Like It (Shakespeare), 183n8
• asking, act of, 121
• Auden, W. H., 26
• Augustine, 45, 65, 66, 106, 197n1, 211n38, 211n43
• Augustus, 225n6
• Austin, J. L., 9, 11, 28, 48–50, 51, 94–95, 132, 178n7, 197n3, 217n4
• authority, speech acts and, 49–50

• Backström, Joel, 191–192n25
• Baier, Annette, 82
• Barclay, John, 81, 197n1
• Barton, Anne, 171
• Beale, Simon Russell, 64
• behaviorism, 209n24
• Bennett, Edward, 115–116
• Berger, John, 97, 143–144, 146, 177n5
• Bernstein, Jay, 19, 32, 60, 204n59
• Bespaloff, Rachel, 23–24, 139
• betrayal, 82, 83–84
• Bible citations
  • 1 Corinthians, 69
  • Luke, 74
  • Revelation, 84, 161, 173–174, 176
  • Romans, 52
• binding concepts, 3, 8
• Biron (Love's Labor's Lost), 51–52
• Blake, William, 52
• bonds
  • in Coriolanus, 73
  • in Cymbeline, 72
  • fragility of, 178n7
  • in King Lear, 72, 73
  • in The Merchant of Venice, 72
  • speech acts and, 95
  • in Timon of Athens, 70–71, 72–78
  • in Twelfth Night, 71–72
  • in The Winter's Tale, 73
• Bono, Barbara J., 152, 226n17
• Book of Common Prayer, 19, 52
• Bossy, John, 190n13
• Boyd, Michael, 113–114
• Braden, Gordon, 222n55, 231n71
• Brockbank, Philip, 221n48
• Brower, Reuben, 22, 222n54
• Bullough, Geoffrey, 142, 163, 229n55
• burial rites, 19
• Burnaby, John, 66
• Bushnell, Rebecca, 172

• Caesar, 148, 159, 173, 175–176
• Caius Martius Coriolanus, 120, 121–126, 128–130, 133–135, 136, 138–143
• Calasso, Roberto, 20
• Calderwood, James, 101–102
• Cambridge Statute of Labourers (1388), 57
• Camus, Albert, 171
• Canovan, Margaret, 207n8
• Cantor, Paul, 129
• “Captivating Pictures” (Affeldt), 34
• Carlisle, Claire, 230n61
• Carroll, William, 194n54
• Cascardi, Anthony, 48, 180n22
• Caveat for Common Cursitors, A (Harman), 55–56
• Cavell, Stanley
  • Affeldt and, 34
  • on asides, 190n8
  • Austin and, 48, 50, 94, 95
  • on being human, 117
  • on convention, 220–221n39
  • on Coriolanus, 142, 223n69
  • on counting, 220n37
  • on genre, 198n11
  • on grief, 20
  • humanity and, 97
  • judgment and, 9, 150, 154, 155–157
  • Kant and, 5
  • on King Lear, 45, 47, 53, 54, 59
  • language and, 6, 7
  • moral argument and, 11
  • on moral claims, 94
  • on moralist, 225n4
  • on outcast, 54
  • private linguist and, 127–128, 129, 219n20
  • on promising, 201–202n42, 216n4
  • remarriage comedies and, 160–161
  • on Shakespeare as playwright, 10
  • speech acts and, 48–49, 50
  • on Wittgenstein, 132–133, 212n50, 217n4, 219n19
• Chapman, George, 146, 186n49
• charity, 45–46, 51–59
• Churchill, Caryll, 182n42
• Cicero, 148
• Cinthio, Giraldi, 163
• City of God (Augustine), 45
• Claim of Reason, The (Cavell), 9, 34, 94, 127, 132, 156
• Clark, Helen, 222n59
• Clark, Max Stafford, 11
• Claudius (Hamlet), 16–17, 18–19, 21, 29, 30, 31, 33, 42
• Cleopatra (Antony and Cleopatra), 148–149, 157–159, 161–165, 166–168, 169–172, 173–176
• Coles, Romand, 75
• Comedy of Errors, The (Shakespeare), 183n8
• Common Liar, The (Adelman), 151–152
• Commons Petition Against Vagrants (1376), 57
• Conant, James, 153, 157
• conceptual amnesia, 109–110
• conceptual loss, Diamond on, 177–178n5
• Condell, Henry, 70
• confession, 36
• Confutation of Tyndale's Answer (More), 52
• Contesting Tears (Cavell), 161
• conversation, reciprocity and, 164–165
• Cordelia (King Lear), 47, 50–51, 58, 60–66, 72
• Cordner, Christopher, 225–226n8
• Coriolanus (Shakespeare)
  • Antony and Cleopatra and, 227n40
  • asking in, 121–126
  • bonds in, 73
  • collectives in, 133–134
  • dating of, 120
  • De Beneficiis (Seneca) and, 78
  • deathly force in, 208n17
  • force in, 134–138
  • Hamlet and, 16
  • hand-holding in, 139–140, 141–143
  • Hunter on, 6
  • inclusion of, 3
  • judgment and, 150
  • politics and, 130–131, 134–135
  • private linguist and, 4
  • reciprocity and, 139–140
  • supplication in, 138–139, 140–141, 144
  • tears and, 143–147
  • “voice” in, 130–134
  • warrior and, 136–137
• covenantal theology, 72, 199n17
• Cranmer, 52
• Crassons, Kate, 56–57
• criteria versus rules, 156–157
• Critique of the Power of Judgment (Kant), 154–155
• Culture and Value (Wittgenstein), 180–181n28
• Cymbeline (Shakespeare), 6, 72, 120, 178n7

• Danby, John, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 160
• Daniel, Samuel, 163
• Dante, 105
• Dawson, Anthony B., 197–198n8
• Day, William, 180–181n28
• De Beneficiis (Seneca), 74–75, 78–82, 86–87
• “deed,” use of in Macbeth, 99
• dehumanization, 99, 138
• Dekker, Thomas, 56
• Dench, Judi, 106
• Derrida, Jacques, 81
• “Dialectic of Perspective, The” (Conant), 153
• Dialogue Against Heresies, 52
• Diamond, Cora, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 19–20, 59, 67, 99, 109–110, 116, 178n6
• Dickinson, Emily, 106
• Dirisu, Sope, 144
• Discourses on Livy (Machiavelli), 131
• Doran, Gregory, 144, 145, 205n74, 223n65
• Doran, Madeleine, 160
• Doty, Mark, 214n76
• Duffy, Eamon, 19

• Eagleton, Terry, 95
• Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 211n43
• Eldridge, Richard, 157, 219n19
• Eliot, George, 230n61
• Erasmus, 26, 78
• ethics, Wittgenstein on, 8–9
• Eucharist, 203n51
• Euripides, 26–27, 28, 29, 32
• evil, conceptions of, 111
• exile, linguistic, 5, 6, 8

• fatalism, 40
• fear, in Macbeth, 114
• Fear of Beggars, The (Johnson), 55
• Felski, Rita, 181n37
• Fermor, Una Ellis, 197n8
• Fiddes, Paul, 66
• Findlay, Polly, 115
• fine, puns on, 37–38
• Fingarette, Herbert, 105
• Fink, Hans, 203n56
• 1 Corinthians, 69
• Fish, Stanley, 126, 217n4, 220–221n39
• flattery, 47, 48
• Flavius (Timon of Athens), 88–92
• Forsberg, Niklas, 51, 67, 109–110, 210n34
• Fortunate Man, A (Berger), 143–144
• Friedlander, Eli, 44
• Frost, Robert, 20
• Fulvia (Antony and Cleopatra), 167–168

• Gaita, Raimond, 9, 107, 108, 111–112, 179n21, 183–184n11, 207n12, 207n13, 224n75, 225n4
• Galloway, Andrew, 88
• Garnier, Robert, 163
• Gaskill, Bill, 11
• generosity, 75
• gifts
  • Derrida on, 81
  • Seneca on, 79–81, 86–87
  • slaves and, 86–87
  • in Timon of Athens, 4, 89–90
• gifts, obligations of, 74–75
• Gloucester (King Lear), 53–54, 56, 59–60
• Golding, Arthur, 78, 79
• Good and Evil: An Absolute Conception (Gaita), 111
• Goux, Jean-Joseph, 202n43
• grace, 65
• Graham, Kenneth, 47
• gratitude, 80, 81, 87–88
• Greenblatt, Stephen, 19
• grief
  • anger and, 14–15, 20–21, 28–29
  • classical precedents for, 20–29
  • in Hamlet, 3, 16–19, 20
  • language related to, 14, 15
  • revenge and, 25–26
• grievance, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 37
• Griffin, Miriam, 78
• Gross, Kenneth, 224n80

• Hamlet (Shakespeare)
  • action and, 109
  • Aeneid and, 22
  • anger in, 21
  • Claudius's opening speech in, 16–17, 19
  • grief in, 3, 15–19, 20, 27–29, 36–37
  • Hecuba and, 27–28
  • inclusion of, 3
  • last scenes of, 36–43
  • speech as action in, 12–13, 33–36
  • spying in, 30–31
  • use of “truster” in, 204n61
• Hare, David, 182n42
• Harman, Thomas, 55–56
• Heal, Felicity, 201n38
• Hecuba, 23, 25, 26–29, 32
• Hecuba (Euripides), 26–27, 28, 29
• Hegel, George Wilhelm Friedrich, 19
• Heminge, John, 70
• Hertzberg, Lars, 112
• Hobbesian psychology, 32–33
• Holland, Peter, 140, 146
• Holland, R. F., 207n13
• Homer, 22–24, 186n49
• Hooker, Richard, 17
• hope, 96
• Horace, 148, 176
• Houston, Will, 223n65
• How to Do Things with Words (Austin), 94
• “human”
  • scare quotes and, 97–98
  • Shakespeare on, 99
• “Human Abstract, The” (Blake), 52
• human actions, 102, 108, 116
• human agency, 200n26
• Human Condition, The (Arendt), 100
• “Human Personality” (Weil), 59
• Hunter, G. K., 5–6
• hyperbole, 160

• Iliad (Homer), 22–24, 134, 136–138, 139, 140, 146, 186n49
• impropriety of action, 46
• Inferno (Dante), 105
• ingratitude, 80, 81–82
• Intentions (Anscombe), 102
• interpretative communities, 220n39
• interpretative skepticism, 10
• Inwood, Brad, 78

• James, Heather, 223n72
• Johnson, Kelly, 55
• Johnson, Samuel, 164
• Joint Stock Theatre Company, 11
• Jones, Emrys, 229n53
• Jowett, John, 197n6, 197–198n8, 198n9
• judgment
  • aesthetic, 155–156
  • in Antony and Cleopatra, 149–152, 154, 157, 160
  • critique of, 4–5
  • Kant on, 154–155
  • moralized, 149
  • subjectivity and, 154
• Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 70

• Kahn, Victoria, 199n17
• Kant, Immanuel, 4–5, 154–155, 174, 175
• Kerrigan, John, 198n12
• King Jaspar (Robinson), 20
• King Lear (Shakespeare)
  • bonds in, 73
  • chronology and, 216n2
  • De Beneficiis (Seneca) and, 78
  • failures of recognition in, 90
  • Hamlet and, 16
  • Hunter on, 5–6
  • inclusion of, 3–4
  • judgment and, 150
  • language and, 3
  • love in, 44–46, 47, 48, 51, 53–54, 60–68
  • outcasts and, 54–59
  • speech acts in, 46–48
  • torture and, 59–60
• Klein, Karl, 205n74
• Kornqvist, Camilla, 196n85
• Kottman, Paul, 198n11, 198n12
• Kyd, Thomas, 29, 35

• Lady Macbeth, 106–109
• Langland, William, 56–57
• language
  • agreements and, 7
  • conceptual life and, 177–178n5
  • grief and, 14, 15
  • King Lear and, 3–4, 48
  • ordinary language philosophy and, 11, 67, 155–156, 157, 181n32, 217n4
  • private linguist and, 126–130, 132
  • reality/representation and, 67–68
  • Timon of Athens and, 4
  • Wittgenstein and, 6, 9–10 See also speech acts
• Laugier, Sandra, 128, 132, 227n35
• Lay Folk's Mass Book, The, 52
• Lear, Johnathan, 202n46
• Lectures on Ethics (Wittgenstein), 8
• Levi, Primo, 105
• Libation Bearers, The (Aeschylus), 24–25
• Life of Caius Martius Coriolanus, The (Plutarch), 139–140
• linguistic phenomenology, 50
• Lipsius, Justus, 78
• Livy, 131
• Lodge, Thomas, 78
• Lofgren, Ingeborg, 10, 181n37
• logic of action, Macbeth and, 4
• Løgstrup, Knud Ejler, 83
• Long, Michael, 224n80
• “Losing Your Concepts” (Diamond), 2, 109
• love
  • charity and, 51–54
  • in King Lear, 44–46, 47, 48, 51, 53–54, 60–68
  • Mitchell on, 1, 2
  • Murdoch on, 3
• “Love and Art in Antony and Cleopatra” (Ornstein), 162
• Love's Labor's Lost (Shakespeare), 51–52
• Luckyj, Christina, 223n73
• Luke, 74
• Lupset, Thomas, 53
• Lyne, Raphael, 223n68

• M. Antoine (Garnier), 230n60
• Macbeth (Shakespeare)
  • action and agency in, 100–106, 112–113
  • chronology and, 216n2
  • conceptual amnesia and, 109–110
  • Duncan's murder in, 100
  • Hamlet and, 16
  • Hunter on, 6
  • inclusion of, 3
  • logic of action in, 4
  • pity in, 117–118
  • remorse in, 99, 106–109, 112–113, 116
• Macduff (Macbeth), 113–116
• Machiavelli, Niccolo, 131
• MacIntyre, Alasdair, 102, 177n5, 203n56
• Mann, Michael, 135
• Margalit, Avishai, 83–84
• Markell, Patchen, 182n45, 191n19
• marriage, in Antony and Cleopatra, 161–165, 167
• Marriage Question, The (Carlisle), 230n61
• Marx, Karl, 70, 177n5
• master-slave relations, 86–87
• Matthewes, Charles, 106
• Mauss, Marcel, 74, 81
• McDonald, Russ, 227n40
• McKellen, Ian, 211n44
• Measure for Measure (Shakespeare), 150
• Melanchthon, Philip, 26
• Mendes, Sam, 58, 64
• Menenius (Coriolanus), 124–125, 130, 137, 138, 139, 142
• Mercer, Peter, 188n80
• Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare), 72, 150
• Metamorphoses (Ovid), 26, 28
• Middleton, Thomas, 71
• Milosz, Czeslaw, 117
• Milton, John, 160, 211n42
• Minding the Modern (Pfau), 109
• Minton, Gretchen E., 197–198n8
• Miola, Robert, 129
• mistrust/distrust, 31–33
• Mitchell, Joni, 1, 2
• Moi, Toril, 10–11, 189–190n6
• moral philosophy, evil and, 111
• moral questions/claims, 9–10
• Moran, Richard, 32
• More, Thomas, 52–53
• Mossman, Judith, 26
• mourning
  • ceremonies of, 17, 19–20
  • in Hamlet, 16–18, 19
  • Hecuba and, 26–27
  • transformations in, 19See also grief
• Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare), 183n8
• Munro, Lucy, 224n80
• Murdoch, Iris, 3, 9, 48, 53, 109, 111, 113, 177n5, 178n6
• Muret, Marc Antoine, 78
• Must We Mean What We Say? (Cavell), 48, 156
• Myth of Sisyphus, The (Camus), 171

• naming actions, 105
• Neill, Michael, 19, 164
• Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 20
• Nunn, Trevor, 211n44
• Nussbaum, Martha, 21, 28, 29
• Nuttall, Anthony, 71–72

• O per se O (Dekker), 56
• Octavia, 162, 164, 174
• Oedipus, 214n79
• “On Mercy” (Seneca), 138
• On Violence (Arendt), 135
• “One More Day” (Milosz), 117
• I Henry IV (Shakespeare), 14
• Ophelia (Hamlet), 30–32, 34, 36, 38–39
• ordinary language philosophy, 11, 67, 155–156, 157, 181n32, 217n4
• Oresteia (Aeschylus), 24–25
• Ornstein, Robert, 162
• outcasts, 54–59
• Ovid, 26, 28

• Parker, Brian, 140
• Paster, Gail Kern, 129
• Pennington, Michael, 205n74
• Peperzak, Adriaan, 202–203n50
• Pericles (Shakespeare), 6, 178n7
• perspective, 153–158
• Pfau, Thomas, 109, 226n10
• Philosophical Investigations (Wittgenstein), 6, 8, 32, 34, 107, 120, 126, 129, 143, 156
• Piers Plowman (Langland), 56–57
• Pinches, Charles R., 209n25
• pity, 107, 117–118, 143
• Plutarch
  • Antony and Cleopatra and, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168
  • Coriolanus and, 124, 134–135, 139–140, 141–142, 145, 147
• Pollard, Tanya, 26
• Polonius (Hamlet), 26, 30–31, 32, 34, 36, 39
• poor law legislation, 57
• Poor Tom (King Lear), 55, 56, 58
• Pope, Alexander, 190n7
• Porter, Charlotte, 222n59
• poverty, charity and, 54–59
• Priam, 22–27, 39, 139
• private linguist, 4, 120, 126–130, 132, 219n20
• promises/promising, 32, 216n3
• Pursuits of Happiness (Cavell), 160, 198n11

• Rawls, John, 202n42, 214n74, 216n3
• reality, difficulty of, 67
• recognition, failures of, 90–91
• reconciliation, 5–6
• Reformation, 65
• remarriage comedies, 160–161
• remorse, in Macbeth, 99, 106–109, 112–113, 116
• “Remorse” (Dickinson), 106
• Revelation, 84, 161, 173–174, 176
• revenge, 14–15, 20–22, 25–28, 29, 33, 36–37, 41, 188n80
• Rhu, Lawrence, 225n2
• Richard III (Shakespeare), 99
• Robinson, Edwin Arlington, 20
• Romans, 52
• Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 70
• Romulus My Father (Gaita), 9
• Rossiter, A. P., 220n33
• Rowe, Nicholas, 65, 92
• Royal Shakespeare Company, 113–114, 144
• rules versus criteria, 156–157

• Sassall, John, 143–144
• satire, 71, 188n80
• scare quotes, 97, 98
• Schein, Seth L., 185n32
• Schwartz, Regina, 77, 204n59
• Searle, John, 217n4
• self-deception, 104–105
• self-knowledge, 157
• Seneca, 26, 27, 74–75, 78–82, 84–85, 86–87, 138, 172
• Settlement Acts (1662), 57
• “Shakespeare's Last Tragic Heroes” (Hunter), 5–6
• Shield of Achilles, The (Auden), 26
• Sidney, Philip, 26
• skepticism, 6–7, 10, 31, 95
• Slack, Paul, 57
• slaves, gifts and, 86–87
• social contract theory, 204n59
• Soni, Vivasvan, 152, 154, 226n10
• Sovereignty of Good, The (Murdoch), 9
• Spanish Tragedy, The (Kyd), 25–26
• speech act theory, 126, 217n4
• speech acts
  • actors and, 11–13
  • in Coriolanus, 120–121
  • description of, 7
  • in Hamlet, 16, 32, 33–34
  • judgment and, 157
  • in King Lear, 46–49, 50, 51
  • trust and, 94–95 See also language
• stoicism, 172, 173
• suicide, in Antony and Cleopatra, 171–173
• Summa Theologica (Aquinas), 87, 102
• suspicion, 31

• Tacitus, 136, 172
• talking, modes of, 158–161
• Tanner, Tony, 24–25, 64, 101, 229n51
• Taylor, Charles, 41, 164–165, 182n45
• Taylor, Craig, 226n9
• Taylor, Neil, 27
• tears/crying, 143–147
• telling, speech act of, 33–36
• Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 6
• testimony, idea of, 36
• “Texts of Recovery” (Cavell), 20
• thick relations, 83–84
• Thompson, Ann, 27
• “Three Ways of Spilling Ink” (Austin), 50
• Timon of Athens (Shakespeare)
  • bonds in, 72–73
  • De Beneficiis (Seneca) and, 78
  • despair and, 96
  • gift and debt in, 4
  • Hamlet and, 16
  • human bonds and, 69–70
  • Hunter on, 6
  • inclusion of, 3
  • language and, 4
  • placement of in first folio, 70–71
  • rhetoric of “all” in, 88–93
  • Seneca and, 81–82
  • servants in, 85–88
  • trust and betrayal in, 82–84
• torture, 58–60
• Tractatus-Logico-Philosophicus (Wittgenstein), 158
• Tragedie of Cleopatra, The (Daniel), 230n60
• Tragic Conditions (Kottman), 198n12
• Treatise on Human Acts, The (Aquinas), 209n24
• Troades (Seneca), 26
• Troilus and Cressida (Shakespeare), 70–71, 150
• Trojan Women, The (Euripides), 26, 27
• trust, 32–33, 60, 82–84, 95
• Twelfth Night (Shakespeare), 71, 183n8
• Tyndale, William, 52–53

• unboundedness, Coriolanus and, 120
• universal voice, 156
• usury, 200n31

• Vergil, 22, 23, 24–25, 37, 148, 176
• Volumnia (Coriolanus), 125–126, 134–135, 136, 137–138, 139–143, 146, 224n78

• Walker, Jarrett, 141
• Wallace, John, 200n25
• Weil, Simone, 23, 47, 59, 134, 136–138, 140
• Wetzel, James, 195n76, 211n38
• Whittington, Leah, 138, 185n33, 186n36
• Wilders, John, 154
• Williams, Rowan, 108–109, 212n51
• Winch, Peter, 32, 67
• Winter's Tale, The (Shakespeare), 6, 14, 73, 160, 175, 183n8
• Wittgenstein, Ludwig
  • Cavell and, 6, 157
  • convention and, 178n7, 217n4
  • ethics and, 8–9
  • investigation of concepts and, 189n4
  • language and, 10, 65–66
  • on loss of concepts, 110
  • on pity, 107, 118, 143
  • private linguist and, 4, 120, 126–130, 132, 219n20
  • on rules, 156
  • speech acts and, 34
  • on trust, 82
  • trust and, 32
  • working on oneself and, 2
  • on world, 158
• Wolfe, Jessica, 146
• Woodbridge, Linda, 56
• Woodvine, John, 205n74
• working on oneself, 1–2
• Wright, Georg Henrik von, 180n28

• Zamir, Tzachi, 188n81