APPENDIX B
Nineteenth-Century British Novel Corpus for Idiom Usage Comparison
(124 novels by 11 novelists)
Jane Austen
Lady Susan (1794)
The Watson’s (1805)
Sense and Sensibility (1811)
Pride and Prejudice (1813)
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma (1816)
Sandition (1817)
Northanger Abbey (1817)
Persuasion (1817)
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Eyre (1847)
Shirley (1849)
Villette (1853)
The Professor (1857)
Anne Brontë
Agnes Grey (1847)
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848)
Emily Brontë
Wuthering Heights (1847)
Charles Dickens
Sketches by Boz (1833–36)
Pickwick Papers (1836–37)
Oliver Twist (1837–39)
Nicholas Nickleby (1838–39)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1840–41)
Barnaby Rudge (1841)
A Christmas Carol (1843)
Martin Chuzzlewit (1843–44)
Dombey and Son (1846–48)
David Copperfield (1849–50)
Bleak House (1852–53)
Hard Times (1854)
Little Dorrit (1855–57)
A Tale of Two Cities (1859)
Great Expectations (1860–61)
Our Mutual Friend (1864–65)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870)
George Eliot
Scenes of Clerical Life (1857)
Adam Bede (1859)
The Mill on the Floss (1860)
Silas Marner (1861)
Romola (1862–63)
Felix Holt (1866)
Middlemarch (1871–72)
Daniel Deronda (1876)
Thomas Hardy
Under the Greenwood Tree (1872)
A Pair of Blue Eyes (1872–73)
Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
The Return of the Native (1878)
The Trumpet Major (1880)
The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
The Woodlanders (1886–87)
Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891)
The Well-Beloved (1892)
Jude the Obscure (1894–95)
William Thackeray
Catherine (1839–40)
A Shabby Genteel Story (1840)
Samuel Titmarsh and the Hogarty Diamond (1843)
Barry Lyndon (1844)
Vanity Fair (1847–48)
Pendennis (1848–50)
Henry Esmond (1852)
The Newcomes (1855)
The Virginians (1857–59)
Dennis Duval (1864)
Margaret Oliphant
Merkland (1850)
Adam Graeme (1852)
Harry Muir (1853)
Zaidee (1855)
Lilliesleaf (1855)
The House on the Moor (1861)
A Son of the Soil (1863)
In Trust (1881)
Miss Marjoribanks (1865–66)
Agnes (1866)
John (1870)
At His Gates (1872)
Innocent (1873)
A Rose in June (1874)
For Love and Life (1874)
Phoebe Junior (1876)
Harry Joscelyn (1881)
Hester (1883)
A House Divided Against Itself (1886)
A Poor Gentleman (1886)
A House in Bloomsbury (1894)
Walter Scott
Waverly (1814)
Guy Mannering (1815)
Old Mortality (1816)
The Antiquary (1816)
The Black Dwarf (1816)
Rob Roy (1817)
The Heart of Midlothian (1818)
The Bride of Lammermoor (1819)
A Legend of Montrose (1919)
Ivanhoe (1820)
Kenilworth (1821)
The Fortunes of Nigel (1822)
Peveril of the Peak (1822)
Quentin Durward (1823)
Redgauntlet (1824)
St. Ronan’s Well (1824)
Anne of Geierstein (1829)
Anthony Trollope
The Warden (1855)
The Three Clerks (1857)
Barchester Towers (1857)
Doctor Thorne (1858)
Framley Parsonage (1860)
The Small House at Allington (1862)
Can You Forgive Her? (1864–65)
The Last Chronicle at Barset (1867)
Phineas Finn (1867–68)
The Eustace Diamonds (1871)
Phineas Redux (1873)
The Way We Live Now (1875)
The Prime Minister (1876)
The Duke’s Children (1879)
Charlotte Yonge
The Heir of Redclyffe (1853)
The Daisy Chain (1856)
Dynevor Terrace (1857)
Hopes and Fears (1860)
The Young Step-Mother (1861)
Magnum Bonum (1879)
Nuttie’s Father (1885)
The Two Sides of the Shield (1885)
Chantry House (1886)
Beechcroft at Rockstone (1888)
Grisley Grisell (1893)