Index
Page numbers in bold refer to figures.
Aboriginal, Australia, 97, 98–99
allergic reaction, to Telmatobius, 193
altitude sickness, 194
Amistad Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica-Panama border, 64–66, 67
Ampijoroa, Madagascar, 123–124
Argentina, 10–13, 192–193, 277–280
Asclepius Snakebite Foundation, 271
Ashiu Experimental Forest, Japan, 122
Asociación Paraguaya de Herpetología, 262
Badiraguato region, Mexico, 180–182
Beanka Protected Area, Madagascar, 88–91
behavior, field observations: alternative reproductive behavior, Leptodactylus macrosternum, 28–30; Ambystoma salamanders, 107–111; biparental care, Brazilian Poison Frog, 24–25; crawfish frogs, 15–20, 16; escape, hatching frog eggs, 235–240, 257; escape, monitor lizards (goannas), 98–100; escape, snakes, 122–124; mating, Atelopus, 136–137; nesting, Spotted Turtles, 31–34; tadpoles, 42–44, 70, 71, 72; Telmatobius, 192–193, 194; transport, froglets, 83–84; transport, tadpoles, 25
birds: Andean Condor, 191; Andean Pigmy Owl, 191; Barred Owl, 170; Boat-Tailed Grackle, 180; Cassowary, 83; Cock of the Rock, 54; Inca Tern, 229; Jabiru Stork, 28, 263; Keel-Billed Toucan, 252; Maguari Stork, 263; Neotropic Cormorant, 263; Oropendola, 71; Scarlet Macaw, 236; Wood Stork, 262, 263
Boulenger, George Albert, 114–115, 135
Bragg, Arthur, 19
Brazil, 21–26, 27–30, 74–79, 199–200, 281–286, 287–291
bufadienolides, 115
caecilian species, common names: Biangular Caecilian, 41; Broad-Striped Caecilian, 41
caecilian species, scientific names: Ichthyophis asplenius, 41; Ichthyophis biangularis, 41
cannibal morph, salamanders, 109
Catrimani Reserve (Missão Catrimani), Brazil, 282–286
Centro Jambatu of Amphibian Research and Conservation, Ecuador, 134, 137–138
chaco, dry (Chaco Seco), 277–280; Gran Chaco, 262–265, 277
challenges, to field work: civil war, El Salvador, 260, Guatemala, 250; cyclone, 227; failed experiment, 229–230; lack of rain, 235–240; martial law, curfew, 53; misunderstanding, with locals, 204; operating permits, 224–227; paracas (strong winds), 231–232; pregnancy, in the field, 216–218; sickness, 81, 89, 90, 207–208; sleeping conditions, 76–77; theft of field material, 231; vehicle problems, 103, 186–188, 188
Chengdu Institute of Biology, China, 116
childhood experiences, 9–10, 95, 96, 97, 101, 120–121, 128, 134–135, 281
chytrid fungus: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), 130, 132, 158–160, 192, 194, 242–243, 245–246; Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), 160
climate change, 110–111, 130, 132, 136, 191, 192, 288
cloud forest, 64–66, 128–129, 130, 132, 243–245, 250–251
collecting, 12–13, 52, 55, 64, 70–72, 76–78, 86–92, 102–105, 108, 109, 111, 116–119, 121, 122–124, 128–129, 131, 134–138, 156, 173, 178–182, 183–189, 192–193, 202–205, 208, 215–220, 249–253, 261–265, 273–276, 282–286
Colombia, 128–129, 130, 132, 196–197
communication, miscommunication, 65–66, 69–70, 102, 249–253
Comstock, Anna Botsford, ix–x
conservation, 15, 19, 31, 33, 45–46, 61–62, 110–111, 135–138, 140–144, 157–162, 202–205, 261–262, 293
Consórcio Nacional de Engenheiros Consultores, Sociedade Anônima, Brazil, 74
Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica, 235–240
Costa Rica, 51, 63, 64–66, 67, 129, 235–240
crocodilian species, common names: American Alligator, 167–171, 168; caiman, 22, 27; Saltwater Crocodile, 97, 223; Yacaré Caiman, 262
crocodilian species, scientific names: Alligator mississippiensis, 167–171, 168; Caiman crocodilus, 70; Caiman yacare, 262
Crown, Terri, 47
Cuzco Amazónico, Peru, 129
de la Espada, Marcos Jiménez, 136–137
declining populations, loss of species, 63, 292; amphibians, 19, 64, 130, 132, 135–138, 158, 159, 194, 242–246; Marbled Salamanders, 110; snakes, 245; Spotted Turtles, 31, 33
Department of Defense Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (DoD PARC), 157–162
desert, 145–149, 180, 215–220, 230–233
disconnected, from nature, 2
discovery: behavior, 15–17, 24–25, 32–33, 83–84; Kubah’s frog pond, 40–44; lost species,
105; new species, 13, 36–39, 55, 71, 72, 78, 130–131, 135, 189, 194; thrill of, 9, 23–24, 27, 39, 80, 84–85, 105
DoD Strategic Plan for Amphibians and Reptiles, 158–160, 162
Ecuador, 69–73, 134–138, 196–201
effect of disturbing animals, 145–149
El Copé. See Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos, Panama
El Salvador, 260
Endangered Species Act, 45
Endangered Species List, 45
evolution, of viviparity, Liolaemus lizards, 11–13
experiments, 130, 136, 141–144, 222–227, 229–230, 235, 239–240, 257
family and career, 215–220, 279–280
fear, of snakes, 268–270; of the unknown, 57
field biologists: activities, 1–2; description, 1; need for, 63, 135, 293
field methods, equipment: artificial tadpole pools, 25; bal-chatri traps, modified, 263; cover boards, plywood, 108; dipnet, 107–108; doubly-labeled water, 207, 208, 210; drift fences, 18, 19, 110, 274–276; enclosure, terrestrial, 137, 141–144, 142, 222–227, 225; fishing line and fly, 224; funnel traps, 110, 274–275; head-starting, 110, 111; hooks, snake, 273; identification of individuals by spotting pattern, 23; lasso, lizard, 173; leaf litter plots, quadrats, 82–83, 192; mark-and-recapture, 15–18, 32–34, 110, 122, 126, 142–144, 208, 232, 260; net-gun, 262, 263; pitfall traps, 156, 273, 274–276; radio tracking, telemetry, 15–17, 31–34; recording of frog calls, 28, 29, 38–39, 41, 81–82, 194; regurgitation technique, 230; road cruising, 117, 179, 180; rubber band lizard collecting technique, 260, 262, 263, 264; tongs, snake, 117, 273–274; transects, 82, 83, 129, 158, 159, 216; traplines, 216, 217, 219; visual encounter survey, 82, 83; wildlife camera, 16–17; wrist rocket
slingshot, 103
Finca Las Alturas, Costa Rica, 64
fishes: candiru, 71; catfish, armored, 263; cave fishes, 58, 60; electric eel, 71; piranha, 54–55, 289, 291; stingray, freshwater, 71; synchranchid eel, 70–71
flashcards, pictures of animals, 251, 251
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 152
Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, 45
fragility of life, 145–149, 191
frog species, common names: American Toad, 143; Bog Frog, 46–47; Bornean Horned Frog, 43–44; Bornean Tree Frog, 41; Brazil-Nut Poison Frog, 78; Brazilian Poison Frog, 23–25; Bronze Frog, 46; Buckley’s Glass Frog, 134; Cane Toad, 252; Carolina Gopher Frog, 18–19; Clown Frog, 243; Crawfish Frog, 15–20, 16; Cuico, 134, 137; Dentate Marsupial Frog, 129, 132; Dusky Gopher Frog, 18–19; File-Eared Tree Frog, 41; Giant Glass Frog, 243; Giant Toad, 75; Green Treefrog, 170; Gualataco, 134–135, 137; Guard Marsupial Frog, 134; Harlequin Tree Frog, 41; Jambato, 134, 136–138, 138; Leopard Frog, 143, 183; Mahogany Frog, 41; Matang Narrow-Mouthed Frog, 41, 42, 42; Mesoamerican Cane Toad, 186; Mexican Treefrog, 186, 187; Milky Treefrog, 239; Miranda’s White-Lipped Frog, 28–30; Pacific Chorus Frog, 9; Panama Cross-Banded Treefrog, 244; Para Toad, 78; Pickerel Frog, 18–19; Pine Barrens Treefrog, 45–46; Pointedbelly Frog, 29; Puca Sapo, 135; Puerto Rican Coqui, 131; Quang’s Tree Frog, 36–39, 38; Quito Rocket Frog, 134; Red Hot Chili Pepper Frog, 41; Red-Eyed Treefrog, 235, 238–240, 240, 255–257, 259; Rococo Toad, 279; Schultze’s Streamfrog, 186; Small-Eared Treefrog, 186; Smooth Guardian Frog, 41, 42; Southern Leopard Frog, 19; Sumaco Horned Treefrog, 197–199, 198, 201; Wallace’s Tree Frog, 41; Wandolleck’s Land Frog, 83–84, 84; Waxy Monkey Treefrog, 262; Western Toad, 9; White-Eared Tree Frog, 41; Wood Frog, 140–144
frog species, scientific names: Abovarana luctuosa, 41; Adelphobates castaneoticus, 78; Agalychnis callidryas, 235, 238–240, 240, 255–257, 259; Anaxyrus boreas, 9; Atelopus guanujo, 135; Atelopus ignescens, 71, 134, 136–138, 138; Atelopus varius, 243; Boana lanciformis, 72; Centrolene buckleyi, 134; Ceratophrys cornuta, 72; Ceuthomantis cavernibardus, 55; Ctenophryne geayi, 70; Dendropsophus leucophyllatus, 72; Eleutherodactylus coqui, 131; Feihyla kajau, 41; Gastrotheca guentheri, 129, 132; Gastrotheca pseustes, 134; Gastrotheca riobambae, 134–135, 137; Glyphoglossus capsus, 41; Gracixalus quangi, 36–39, 38; Hemiphractus proboscideus, 197–199, 198, 201; Hyla andersonii, 45–46; Hyloscirtus lindae, 71; Hyloscirtus torrenticola, 72; Hyloxalus jacobuspetersi, 134; Leptodactylus macrosternum (formerly Leptodactylus chaquensis), 28–30; Leptodactylus podicipinus, 29; Limnonectes palavanensis, 41, 42; Liophryne schlaginhaufeni, 83–84, 84; Lithobates sylvaticus, 140–144; Microhyla nepenthicola, 41, 42, 42; Notoden nicholsi, 219; Nyctimantis rugiceps, 70; Pelobatrachus nasutus, 43–44; Phyllomedusa sauvagii, 262; Phyllomedusa vaillantii,70; Polypedates otilophus, 41; Pristimantis unistrigatus, 134, 137; Pseudacris maculata, 126–127; Pseudacris regilla, 9; Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei, 186; Ptychohyla zophodes, 189; Rana areolata, 15–20, 16; Rana catesbeiana, 46; Rana clamitans, 46; Rana okaloosae, 46–47; Rana pipiens, 183; Ranitomeya vanzolinii, 23–25; Rhacophorus borneensis, 41; Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, 41; Rhacophorus pardalis, 41; Rheohyla miotympanum, 186; Rhinella castaneotica, 78; Rhinella horribilis, 186; Rhinella marina, 75; Rhinella schneideri (formerly Bufo paracnemis), 279; Sachatamia ilex, 243; Scinax ruber, 72; Smilisca baudini,186, 187; Smilisca sila, 244; Telmatobius timens, 194; Teratohyla midas, 72
Fundación Miguel Lillo, Instituto de Herpetología (FML), Argentina, 10–12
Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias (FUDECI), Venezuela, 52–55
immersion in unfamiliar culture, 9, 11, 54, 80, 82–83, 219–220, 267, 281–286, 287–291
imposter syndrome, 52, 55, 264
International Bornean Frog Race, 44
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, 63
intrinsic value, of species, 113
invertebrates: amphipods, 58, 192; Appalachian Cave Crayfish, 61; army ants, 76, 196; beach hoppers, 230, 231, 232; bush flies, 217, 218, 219, 220; crabs, 236, 237; crayfish, 15–18; earthworms, 116; fireflies, 115–116, 117; katydid, 200, 201; kelp flies, 230; plankton (copepods, cladocerans), 109; seabird ticks, 233; scorpions, 76, 83, 218, 230, 232, 233; spiders, 22, 76, 83, 223; tarantulas, 83, 285. See also invertebrate pests
invertebrate pests, stinging/biting/blood-sucking: black flies, 75, 78; chiggers, 129; chigoe fleas, 78; horseflies, 75; leeches, 80–81; lone star ticks, 142; mosquitoes, 22, 23, 24, 27–28, 75, 187, 200, 224, 250; sandflies, 224; ticks, 277
La Golondrina, Paraguay, 262, 264
La Planada Reserve, Colombia, 128–129, 132
Lacandon Rain Forest, Mexico, 202–205
Laguna El Jocotal National Park, Paraguay, 260
lessons learned, 66–67, 145–149, 200, 215–220, 235–240, 251
Liem, Karl, 115
lizard species, common names: Black-Throated Rainbow Skink, 224, 225; Bornean Earless Monitor, 113, 115; Broad-Banded Sand-Swimmer, 219; Frillneck Lizard, 98; Gargoyle Gecko, 103; Golden Tegu, 285; Henkel’s Leaf-Tailed Gecko, 89; Komodo Dragon, 96, 113; Lace Monitor, 96, 97; Narrow Leaf-Toed Gecko, 230–233, 231; New Caledonia Giant Gecko, 101, 103–105, 104; Ocellated Tegu, 285; Oustalet’s Chameleon, 88; Peruvian Lava Lizard, 230, 233; Rosebelly Lizard, 207–208; Spearpoint Leaf-Tailed Gecko, 89; Tamaquaré, 290; Thorny Devil, 217, 219; Underwood’s Spectacled Tegu, 285; Yellow-Spotted Monitor, 97–100, 99
lizard species, scientific names: Carlia rostralis, 224, 225; Cercosaura ocellata, 285; Chlamydosaurus kingii, 98; Eremiascincus richardsoni, 219; Furcifer oustaleti, 88; Gymnophthalmus underwoodi, 285; Iguana iguana, 79; Lanthonotus borneensis, 113, 115; Liolaemus alticolor, 11–13; Liolaemus pagaburoi, 13, 13; Liolaemus ramirezae, 13, 13; Microlophus peruvianus, 230, 233; Mniarogekko chahoua, 105; Moloch horridus, 217, 219; Phyllodactylus angustidigitus, 230–233, 231; Rhacodactylus auriculatus, 103; Rhacodactylus leachianus, 101, 103–105, 104; Sceloporus variabilis, 207–208; Tupinambis teguixin,285; Uranoscodon superciliosus, 290; Uroplatus ebenaui, 89; Uroplatus henkeli, 89; Varanus komodoensis, 96, 113; Varanus mertensi,97; Varanus mitchelli,97; Varanus panoptes, 97–100, 99; Varanus varius, 96, 97
Llosa, Mario Vargas, 191
locals, help in field, 251–252
Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biological Station, Mexico, 202
malaria, 23, 81, 102, 260, 270; anti-malarial drugs, 54, 86, 89, 90, 283
mammals: anteater, 262; bandicoot, 83; black bear, 31; Brazilian tapir, 262; capybara, 27, 270; Chacoan peccary, 262; dwarf lemur, 90; echidna, 219; fossa, 91; gray brocket deer, 263, 264; howler monkey, 270; jaguar, 67, 75, 200, 238, 282; monkey, 22, 283; mouse lemur, 90; mulgara, 219; Papuan forest wallaby, 82; puma, mountain lion, 262, 282; rat, 252; sea lion, 229, 231, 233; spiny rat, 200; tapir, 54; tree kangaroo, 83; vampire (bat), 229
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, 156–157
Martu, 219
Mavaca Base Camp, Venezuela, 54–55
medicinal use, traditional: Gualataco tadpoles, 134–135; raw onions, hot peppers, 194; Telmatobius, 192; urucum, 283
mentors, colleagues, collaborators, field companions: Ávila-Pires, Teresa C., 21–26; Bachman, Marylyn, 128; Baldé, Alpha, 272–276, 275; Baldé, Cellou, 271–276; Benjamin, Jordan, 271–276; Brandehoff, Nick, 271–276; Burbrink, Frank, 86; Cabeça, 199–200; Caldwell, Janalee, 23, 78, 282–286; Campbell, Jonathan (Jon), 183–188; Cardoso, Adão, 74–77, 78; Casas, Gustavo, 202; Chan, Lauren, 173–174; Cheng, 117–118; Crump, Marty, 69; Cruz, Felix, 277–280, 278; Daly, John W., 52–55; Damioli, Padre Guglielmo, 282–286; De la Riva, Ignacio, ix, 130–132, 131; Ding, Li, 116–118; Drowne, Peter, 262–265; Duellman, William E., 71, 72, 129, 135, 190–194, 197, 198–199; Engbrecht, Nate, 15, 17–19; Etheridge, Richard, 10–11; Fisher, Robert, 156; Fitzgerald, Lee, 264, 277, 278; Foster, Mercedes, 261, 262, 263; Garcia, Ernie, 159; Gibbons, Michael, 169–171; Gibbons, Whit, 210; Gomez, Luis Diego, 64–65, 68; Greene, Harry, 173, 174; Guyer, Craig, 64–66; Haas, Alex, 40–41; Haddad, Célio, 28, 30; Halloy, Stephan, 192; Hardy, David, 173, 174; Heemeyer, Jen, 15–19; Hermann, Sharon, 64–66; Hillis, Dave, 129, 183–188; Joglar, Rafael, 131; Jono, Teppei, 116–118; Keita, Naby, 272–273; Kinney, Vanessa, 15, 18–19; Kuhn, Arianna, 87–90; Lambeck, Rob, 97–99; Lannoo, Mike, 128, 159; Lansac, Claudia, 132; Lobo, Fernando, 11–13; Lopez, Nancy, 263; Lovejoy, Tom, 199; Lovich, Jeff, 169–171; Markey, Kat, 225; Mavoungou, Lise, 271–276, 275; McDiarmid, Roy, 51–52; Millimouno, Martin, 272–276, 275; Mills, Tony, 169–171; Mitchell, Joe, 159; Morato, Celso, 282–286; Mori, Akira, 115–119; Myers, Charles W., 52–55; Nanjappa, Priya, 159; Niemiller, Matthew, 59; Oliveira, Verônica R. L., 21–26; Onore, Giovanni, 137; Pagaburo, Omar, 12–13; Papas, Mike, 202–205; Perkins, Marlin, 262–265, 264; Petersen, Chris, 157–161; Piao, Yige (Spoon
), 116–118; Rabosky, Dan, 215–220; Ramírez-Pinilla, Martha Patricia, 11–13; Raxworthy, Chris, 86–91; Savage, Jay, 51, 64, 68; Schneider, Greg, 219; Scott, Norman J. Jr., 261; Semlitsch, Ray, 140; Simmons, John, 197; Sinervo, Barry, 216; Slowinski, Joe, 129; Stiles, Rochelle, 15, 19; Stokes, Drew, 156–157; Title, Pascal, 219; Tremper, Ron, 178–182; Trueb, Linda, 135, 190–194; Uzzell, Tom, 46; Vinh, 36; Vitt, Laurie, 21–26; Vogt, Richard, 202–205; Zassi-Boulou, Ange, 271–276, 275
metabolic and water flux rates, Sceloporus, 207–210
Mexico, 178–182, 183–189, 202–205, 207–210, 250–253
monitoring, fieldwork, 15–18, 31–34, 45–46, 64, 109, 110, 122, 126–127, 129, 131, 140–144, 260
morphological specializations: cannibal morph, Ambystoma larvae, 109; crawfish frogs, 18–20; frog, toe webbing, 46; Rhabdophis, 115; tadpoles, 42–44
Muñoz, Ildefonso, 69–70, 196–197, 200–201
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Paraguay (National Museum of Natural History of Paraguay), 261–262
mushrooms, hallucinogenic, 185
Myanmar, 116
National Biological Inventory, Paraguay, 261–262, 264
National Forest Service of Paraguay, 260
National Indian Foundation of Brazil (FUNAI), 282
nature deficit disorder, 33
nuisance animal, 169
Panama, 63–64, 239–240, 242–246, 255–259
Paracas National Reserve, Peru, 229–233
parental care: alligators, 168–171, 168; frogs, 24–25, 28–29, 29, 42, 80, 83–85, 197; Marbled Salamanders, 110–111, 111
Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos, (El Copé), Panama, 243–246
Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC), 159
permits: collecting, 102, 179, 183, 204; for international researchers, 116; operating, 224–227
Peru, 129–130, 190–195, 229–233, 267–270
pets, pet trade: amphibians and reptiles, 31, 103, 262
photography: alligator, for magazine article, 167; escape hatching, tadpoles, 239–240; filming, for Wild Kingdom, 262–265; frog behavior, 29–30, 84, 136; Kubah’s frog pond, 44; rattlesnake before and after feeding, 146–147; specimens, 118, 137, 184, 284; techniques, 58–61; tortoise rescue, 152–154
plants: agotope,187; bamboo, 70, 187, 197; Banksia, 217; bottle tree, 263; Brazil nut tree, 76; cypress, 31, 33, 110; dogfennel, 151; ferns, 83, 117, 191, 196; Festuca (golden bunchgrass), 12–13, 13; ichu grass, 191, 193; longleaf pine, 154; Melaleuca, 222; Mexican sycamore, 187; Nepenthes ampullaria (pitcher plant), 41, 42; nettle, 200; Parastrephia, 12–13, 13; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), 110, 151; sedges, 127, 191; sweet myrtle, 170; sweetgum, 187; turkey oak, 154; urucum (Bixa orellana), 283
rainforest, 21–26, 40–44, 67, 74–78, 80–85, 196–201, 235–240, 243–246, 267–270, 281–286
reproductive bimodality, 11–13
reproductive strategies, 28–30, 129
reptile diseases: snake fungal disease, 157, 160; turtle shell disease, 160; upper respiratory tract disease, 154
Rueda, Alberto, 137
Sachavacayoc Centre, Peru, 267–270
safety, in the field, 67, 176, 279
salamander species, common names: Frosted Flatwoods Salamander, 109–110; Georgia Blind Salamander, 59–60; Grotto Salamander, 58; Jefferson Salamander, 108; Long-Toed Salamander, 109; Marbled Salamander, 108, 110–111, 111; Mole Salamander, 107; Olm, 58, 59; Spotted Salamander, 108; Tennessee Cave Salamander, 59; Tiger Salamander, 109
salamander species, scientific names: Ambystoma cingulatum, 109–110; Ambystoma jeffersonianum, 108; Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum, 109; Ambystoma maculatum, 108; Ambystoma opacum, 108, 110–111, 111; Ambystoma talpoideum, 107; Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum, 109; Eurycea spelaea, 58; Eurycea wallacei, 59–60; Gyrinophilus pelleucus, 59; Proteus anguinus, 58, 59
Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, 69–73, 196–201, 293
Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), 167–168, 207, 210
Scientific Special Purposes Reserve, Australia, 222, 225
Sirena Biological Station, Costa Rica, 235–240
Slovenia, 59
snake species, common names: Amazon Egg-Eater Snake (Black-Collared Snake), 268–270; Anaconda, 72, 289, 291; Asiatic Watersnake, 60; Black Racer, 17; Black-Tailed Rattlesnake, 173–174, 176, 177, 179; Burmese Python, 157; California Kingsnake, 179; Cat-eyed Snake, Leptodeira ornata, 235–237, 239; Cat-eyed Snake Lycodryas pseudogranuliceps, 90; Coachwhip, 162; Cope’s Vine Snake, 244–245; Cottonmouth, 33; Earth Snake, 143; Eastern Hognose Snake, 17–18, 20; Eyelash Viper, 129; False Water Cobra, 262, 264; Fea’s Viper, 114–115, 117–119, 118; Gaboon Viper, 263; Green Cat Snake, 118; Green Mamba, 273–274; Green Vine Snake, 285; Habu, 123; Japanese Ratsnake, 121; Japanese Striped Snake, 121, 122, 124; Jararaca, 77; King Brown, 98; Leonard’s Keelback, 116, 118; Mamushi, 122; Mexican Burrowing Python, 180–181; Mexican Pygmy Rattlesnake, 184; Mexican Short-Tailed Snake, 180; Mountain Pitviper, 117; Nosy Komba Ground Boa, 90; Olive Python, 98; Parrot Snake, 239–240; Rainbow Boa, 269; Red Diamond Rattlesnake, 249; Sinaloan Milksnake, 181; Smooth Green Snake, 101; Sonoran Coralsnake, 179; Speckled Rattlesnake, 156; Sucuri, 289, 291; Tiger Keelback, 121, 122; Tiger Rattlesnake, 179; Tropical Chicken Snake, 252–253; Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, 145–149, 147; White-Banded Wolf Snake, 117; Yamakagashi, 115–116; Yellow Anaconda, 262, 264; Yingjiang Green Pitviper, 118
snake species, scientific names: Azemiops feae, 114–115, 117–119, 118; Boiga cyanea, 118; Bothriechis schlegelii, 129; Bothrops atrox, 72, 77; Crotalus atrox, 145–149, 147; Crotalus molossus, 173–174, 176, 177, 179; Crotalus ravus, 184; Dinodon septentrionalis, 117; Drepanoides anomalus, 268–270; Elaphe climacophora, 121; Elaphe quadrivirgata, 121, 122, 124; Epicrates cenchria, 269; Eunectes murinus, 72, 289, 291; Eunectes notaeus, 262, 264; Gloydius blomhoffii, 122; Hydrodynastes gigas, 262, 264; Lampropeltis triangulum nelsoni, 181; Leptodeira ornata, 235–237, 239; Leptophis ahaetulla, 239–240; Liasis olivaceus, 98; Loxocemus bicolor, 180–181; Lycodryas pseudogranuliceps, 90; Ovophis monticola, 117; Oxybelis brevirostris, 244–245; Oxybelis fulgidus, 285; Phisalixella variabilis, 91; Protobothrops flavoviridis, 123; Pseudechis australis, 98; Rhabdophis leonardi, 116, 118; Rhabdophis tigrinus, 115–116, 121, 122; Sanzinia volontany, 90; Sympholis lippiens, 180; Trimeresurus yingjiangensis, 118; Trimerodytes aequifasciatus, 60
stygobites, 58
superstitions, traditional beliefs, 75, 90, 103, 236–237, 285
survey fieldwork, 33, 39, 40–44, 45–46, 52–55, 60, 64–66, 74–78, 82, 130, 156–162, 198, 202–205, 216–220, 233, 250, 257, 261–262, 268, 282–286
Taiwan, Taiwanese, 256–259, 258
Thompson, Crystal, 17
training, sampling methods, 82
troglobites, 58
turtle species, common names: Central American River Turtle, Tortuga Blanca, 202–205; Gopher Tortoise, 151–154, 153; Spotted Turtle, 31–34, 34; Western Pond Turtle, 157; Yellow-Footed Tortoise, 76
turtle species, scientific names: Actinemys marmorata, 157; Actinemys pallida, 157; Chelonoidis denticulatus, 76; Clemmys guttata, 31–34, 34; Dermatemys mawii, 202–205; Gopherus polyphemus, 151–154, 153
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 15, 45, 261, 262, 263
United States, 15–20, 33, 45–47, 58–61, 107–111, 126–127, 140–144, 145–149, 151–154, 156–162, 167–171, 173–177
value and joy, of studying and observing animals in nature, 2, 4, 13, 34, 63, 67, 84–85, 91–92, 103, 104–105, 119, 124, 126, 129, 131–132, 145, 161, 195, 233, 238, 253, 259, 270, 291, 292–293
Villada, Manuel, 185
Wara Sera Research Station, Papua New Guinea, 80–85
Wild Kingdom, Mutual of Omaha, 262–265
Wood, David and Diane, 261