“Contents” in “Toward a Theory of Peace: The Role of Moral Beliefs” | Cornell University Press

Contents

Editors’ Note

Introduction: Randall Forsberg and the Path to Peace

Early Life and Career

From Scholarship to Activism

The Nuclear Freeze

Long-term Vision

The Peace Movement and the End of the Cold War

Preparing for a World without War

Toward a Theory of Peace

Randy’s Discourse Ethical Approach

Table. Communicative competence in Habermas

Acknowledgments

Part I. Toward a Theory of Peace

Chapter 1. The Idea of a Theory of Peace

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Defining the End of War

1.3 Standards for the Theory of Peace

Chapter 2. Conditions for the Abolition of War

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Main Hypothesis

‘Least-change’ Conditions for the Abolition of War

Prospects for Achieving the Catalytic Threshold of Commitment: Democracy and Defensive Non-violence

The Relationship between Moral Belief and Other Factors in Accounting for the Rise and Demise of War

2.3 Comparison With Other Approaches

Complementary Approaches

Competing Approaches

2.4 Conclusions

Part II. Socially-Sanctioned Violence

Chapter 3. The Roles of Innate Impulses and Learned Moral Beliefs in Individual and Group Violence

3.1 Introduction

Skepticism about the Abolition of War

Evidence for the Key Role of Moral Beliefs in Institutionalized Forms of Group Violence

3.2 Sources and Features of Violence by Individuals

Physiologically-based Aspects of Aggressive Impulses and Violent Behavior by Individuals

Table. Types of Aggressive Behavior

The Impact of Social Learning on Predispositions to and Choices of Violent Behavior by Individuals

3.3 Sources and Features of Violence by Groups

The Doman of Human-on-Human Violence

Table 3-1. Shared and differing propensities to and contexts for violence among humans and other animals

Table 3-2. List of forms of assault and killing illustrating differences in scale and legality

Table 3-3. Mapping the doman of human-on-human violence: Illustrative list of forms of violence showing differences in scale, legality, and social approval

3.4 Motives for Participation in Institutionalized Group Violence

Chapter 4. Socially-Sanctioned Group Violence: Features, Examples, and Sources

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Some Socially-Sanctioned Forms of Physical Violence and Violation

4.3 Human Sacrifice, Slavery, and Corporal Punishment

Human Sacrifice

Corporal Punishment

4.4 The Declining Tolerance for Violence

4.5 The Rise of Institutionalized Forms of Violence

4.6 The Demise of Institutionalized Forms of Violence

4.7 Goals, Efficacy, and Morality in Institutionalized Violence and Violation

Chapter 5. Ritual Cannibalism: A Case Study of Socially-Sanctioned Group Violence

5.1 Introduction

The Meaning of Ritual Cannibalism

The Debate over the Existence of Ritual Cannibalism

The Organization of the Chapter

5.2 The Global Incidence and Correlates of Cannibalism

Table 5-1. Quantitative results of Volhard’s and Sanday’s global surveys of reported cannibal practices

Table 5-2. Results of Sanday’s analysis of factors affecting the occurrence of cannibalism

Table 5-3. The global distribution of cultures, and proportions of simple cultures, in the Volhard, Murdock and White, and Sanday samples

Table 5-4. The North American tribes coded for cannibalism by Volhard and Sanday compared with all North American tribes, grouped by language and region

5.3 The Purposes and Forms of Cannibalism

5.4 Morality and Affect in Customary Cannibalism

Table 5-5. Chong’s analysis of reported incidents of cannibalism in China by purpose and form

5.5 The Demise of Customary Cannibalism

Chapter 6. Sanctioned Violence, Morality, and Cultural Evolution

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Pattern of Successive Forms of Socially-Sanctioned Violence

The Forms of Social Organization and the Forms of Sanctioned Violence

6.3 Directed Cultural Evolution and Priorities among Human Needs

Costs and Benefits of the Shift from Small Hunter-gatherer Groups to Large Warring States

Table 6-1. Comparative historical estimates of world populatlon size (in millions) and life expectancy, 40,000 BC to 1850 AD

6.4 The End of Socially-Sanctioned Forms of Violence

Appendix: The Debate on the Existence of Cannibalism

Scholarly Studies of Cannibalism

Other Bodies of Literature about Cannibalism

William Arens and His Critics: A Comprehensive Review

About the Author

About the Editors

Editors’ Note

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