INDEX

• Aigues-Mortes (French port), 93, 96
• Albanell, Blanca (Blanqueta, wife of Galceran Marquet), 65, 69
• Alexandria, 66, 72, 78
• Alfonso II/III of Aragon (r. 1285–1291), 60
• Alfonso III/IV of Aragon (r. 1327–1336): attack on royal official construed as attack on royal authority of, 200; Barcelona's relationship with, 46, 79, 110–12, 116, 118–19, 132; corruption complaint against aljama officials by, 161n59; debt extensions and, 125, 125n45, 164–66, 166n77, 177; endorsing Peter's plans after 1334 riot, 201; famine aid and, 125–28; France's ships plundered by Catalans and, 104; funding for wedding to Eleanor, 116–17, 166n77; Genoa conflict and, 71, 74, 187; Girona and, 99; grain market riot, councilors seeking help to quell, 179; Lisbon's ships plundered by Catalans and, 11, 101, 104, 106–7; marriage to Teresa d’Entença, 114; palace of, 42; permitting Barcelona to fight against Mediterranean attackers, 69; Pisa's ship plundered by Catalans and, 103; as procurator general, 113; remarriage to Eleanor of Castile, 114; Sardinia's conquest while prince, 68, 113, 114n13; as successor to James II, 113; Vi vel gratia and, 96
• Alfonso IV of Portugal (r. 1325–1357), 91n20, 101, 104, 106–7
• Amerio, Bartomeu de, 175
• Angevins, 60, 63, 115
• anti-Jewish sentiment, 19, 164, 169, 172–73
• Aragon, Crown of: Barcelona's commercial empire overlapping with, 56; Barcelona's relationship to, 4, 12, 109; grain sources and, 8, 26, 47; as plural monarchy, 12, 112, 113, 127, 130, 142–43; reprisal threats used against other cities for plunder of ships of, 104–5; restoration of Collioure as goal of, 88; war over Sicily, 60, 63, 67–68. See also Genoa, for war between the two kingdoms; specific rulers and cities
• Arborea, 73, 74, 80, 81, 89
• Aristotle, 189
• Astrug Vidal, 158
• Augustus, 3, 17
• Avigata (Jewish widow), 158–59

• Badia, Guillem, 136
• bailiffs: complaints against veguers heard by, 122; councilors petitioning for replacement of, 118, 118n28, 174n108; Jewish disputes heard by, 167; Jews occupying position of, 154; Jews’ protection by, 171; jurisdiction of, 115; royal appointment of, 118
• bakers, regulation of, 44, 44n97, 50
• Balearics, 4, 29, 58, 59–60, 71, 89
• Barcelona: administrative divisions of, 14, 15–16; distinguishable from Italian city-states, 83; multiple actors’ narratives constructing “true” picture of the whole, 10, 54, 56, 82, 112, 148–49, 176, 213–15; as premier port city, 4, 27, 61, 212; previous histories on medieval period in, 5–6; Roman settlement of, 3, 19. See also Council of One Hundred; grain; Jewish community; maps; riot over grain shortage; self-government of Barcelona; specific royal rulers and individuals
• Bartomeu de Canals, 1
• Basset, Berenguer, 205
• Bastida, Arnau Guillem ça, 102, 118
• Batlle i Gallart, Carme, 5
• Benito i Monclús, Pere, 210
• Bensch, Stephen, 5, 62n15, 64, 194–95
• Benton, Lauren, 86
• Bernat, Arnau, 110, 192, 196, 197, 199, 208, 209
• bescuyt (hard bread), 25, 40, 45, 73
• Black Death, 2, 146, 164
• Blanche of Anjou (wife of James II of Aragon), 60, 112
• blockades in Genoan conflict, 71, 72, 74
• Bonadona, 12, 145–50, 153–60, 167–68; Alfonso III/IV ruling on appeal and ordering her husband's return to Barcelona, 168–69, 174; bailiff refusing to enforce order for return of her husband to Barcelona, 167–68; Cervelló referring case to Llobet, 168; continuing to fight for divorce in years post-famine, 176; desire for divorce, 145–46, 156–57; divorce suit brought to royal courts, 159; dowry of, 155–56, 155n38; family living outside call's borders, 149–50; husband Astrug's departure from Barcelona, 146, 156, 159, 168–69, 175; intersectionality of world of, 12, 176; Jewish community of, 153–60; marriage to Astrug Cresques, 145, 154, 155n37; Peter, as prince, ruling in favor of, 175; privileged upbringing of, 153, 154; status of women and, 146–49, 156–57; using vantage point of, 147–48
• Boniface VIII (pope, r. 1294–1303), 60, 67–68
• Bonsenyor, Vidal, 152
• Boscà, Joan Francesc: Memorial històric, 207–8
• bread. See bescuyt; grain
• Bruniquer, Esteve, 208

• Cáceres Nevot, Juanjo, 97n43
• Cagliari, 28, 73–74, 77, 79
• Canet, Berenguer and Pereta, 183
• Capellades, Berenguer de, 169
• Carbonell, Berenguer, 73, 79
• Cardona, Hugh de, 119
• Cardona, Ramon de, 79, 79n77, 80
• Carmelites, 180–81, 187
• Carreras i Candi, Francesc: Geografía General de Catalunya, 4–5
• Castelet, Ramon, 122–24
• Castell Vell, 17, 41, 41n82, 199
• Castile, Aragon seeking alliance with, 112–13, 114
• Catalan Civil War (fifteenth century), 213
• Catalonia: Balearics and, 4, 59–60, 71, 89; food supply, cooperative network of cities tested by famine, 119–25; late medieval decline, 2; map (c. 1333/1334), 26. See also Aragon, Crown of; famine; specific cities
• cathedral of Barcelona, 17, 42, 178; almonry of, 184–85
• Catholic Church: sanctions on trade with Mamluks, 66; schism in, 2; in Sicily dispute of Peter II/III, 60, 63, 67–68. See also specific names of popes
• Celler, Simon de, 133
• Cervelló, Guillem de, 70–72, 137, 146, 168, 179, 201–2, 208
• charity and charitable institutions, 181–86, 191
• city walls, 17–20
• classes in medieval society, 2, 24, 186–87; Aristotle's model for hierarchy, 189; conflicts between, 194, 213; Despuig's views, 191, 193, 207, 210; diet of laboring class, 24–25, 45; Eiximenis's views, 189–90, 191, 196; Juyol illustrating overlap among, 192–93, 195–96, 207, 210; murder of Bernat Marquet and class division, 193, 194; Oller's revolt and, 194; Peter's belief that lower classes responsible for grain market riot, 207. See also poverty
• coastal waters. See maritime law
• Collioure, 88, 96
• Colom, Ferrer, 131
• Consolat de mar (Consulate of the Sea), 61–62
• Constança (daughter of Alfonso III/IV), 114
• Constance (queen of Peter the Great, r. 1276–1285), 184
• corruption, 13, 50, 52, 55, 178–79, 190, 203–6, 210
• corsairing. See piracy and corsairing
• Coulon, Damien, 9
• Council of One Hundred (Consell de cent): anti-dumping ordinances, 171; appointment as royal right, 118; corruption charges against, 55, 178–79, 187, 190–91, 203–6; dependent on networks developed by merchants and shipping families, 82; Eleanor and, 133; empowered to name overseas consuls in Byzantine territory, 79; established by James I, 37, 115; expanding jurisdiction of the sea, 100, 103, 108–9; famine year and, 48, 72, 75–76, 83, 189; fleet provisioning by, 74; funding Alfonso's wedding to Eleanor, 116–17; hostage of envoy for Barcelona's full payment of grain offered in trade negotiations, 80–81; Jews protected by, 171, 177; limited powers of, 70, 109; Marquès serving on, 120; Marquet as critical to strategy in year of famine and war, 11, 69, 74–77, 81, 103, 107–8, 204; Marquet family members serving on, 64; meeting place of, 38, 38n67; mirroring mixed identities of Marquet in Mediterranean, 78; outreach during famine, 80, 120–21; royal privilege in famine year and, 95–101, 109; sumptuary laws and, 172; Valencia's grain ships, seizure of, 102; on veguer's absence from Barcelona prior to 1334 riot, 198. See also riot over grain shortage; self-government of Barcelona and relationship to Crown
• Cresques, Astrug (Bonadona's husband), 145, 155, 168–69, 175
• Cresques Astrug (Bonadona's father-in-law, aka Cresques Abaniri or Abamari), 154
• Cresques Enoch (Bonadona's husband's maternal grandfather), 154, 155, 161
• Crown of Aragon. See Aragon, Crown of

• Davis, Adam, 182
• Decker, Sarah Ifft, 155n38
• Desclot, Bernat, 193
• des Palau, Pere, 167
• Despuig, Bernat, 13, 193, 196; accusing city councilors as corrupt and purposefully causing grain shortage, 178–79, 187, 190–91, 210; as Carmelite and mendicant, 180, 182, 186, 191, 210; councilors seeking his expulsion from Carmelites, 187–88; on poor as suffering neighbors in need of aid, 186; on praying for king's victory over Muslims, 187; on social classes, 191, 193, 207
• Desvilar, Pere. See Vilar, Pere
• Diaz, Rodrigo, 202–3
• Domenech, Pere, 97
• Duran i Sanpere, Agustí: Barcelona i la seva història, 5

• Earenfight, Theresa, 112
• economy of salvation, 182–83
• Eiximenis, Francesc, 25, 181, 182, 188–89, 191, 196
• Eleanor (queen, wife of Alfonso III/IV of Aragon), 12; cities under her own control as primary concern of, 130–31, 137, 142–43; famine aid and, 80, 128–33, 142; as Ferdinand IV of Castile's daughter, 112; John (archbishop) and, 135; as nominal wife of Alfonso's older brother, 114; Peter III/IV's autobiography as source on, 129; as second wife of Alfonso, 114
• Elicsenda de Montcada (fourth wife of James II, d. 1364), 181
• entanglements, points of. See networks and points of entanglement
• Eulàlia, Saint, 35
• Eymeric, Francesc, 204, 205

• famine (1333/1334): Alfonso III/IV addressing, 125–28; arrival of, 46–53; in Barcelona compared to its neighbors, 48, 51; Barcelona seeking Alfonso III/IV's assistance, 110–12; celebration in response to single ship loaded with grain, 53; church response to, 51–52; control of the sea during, 95–101; council members’ enrichment during, 55; Eleanor's aid, 128–33, 142–43; extraordinary event in lives of Barcelonans, 213; hoarding and, 110, 188; John (archbishop of Tarragona) and, 136–37; local embargos as response to, 126, 127n50; Mediterranean war at time of, 72–82; Peter's aid, 137–41; population decline due to, 2, 187; price of grain and, 48, 52, 140–41, 188; regulations in response to, 48–51; sale of loaves of bread outside of city during, 126; social divisions in city revealed through, 211; summit on grainfamine (1333/1334) (continued)distribution hosted by Peter, 139–40; as test of cooperative network involved in food supply, 121–25; theft of bread, punishment for, 53; Vi vel gratia (royal privilege of taking grain in times of shortage), 96–99, 100, 102, 107, 109; as weapon of war, 74; worsening in 1334, 51
• Ferdinand IV of Castile (r. 1295–1312), 112, 129–30, 175
• fines. See taxation and fines
• fish and fishmongers, 23, 30, 30n41
• flour market, 43–44, 43n94, 52, 190–91
• food system: cooperative relationships with other Catalan cities required for, 119, 121–25; geographic connections made through, 6; growing population requirements and, 21; outlying parishes as providers of, 21; sea as source of, 23; territorium's role, 21–23, 42, 52–53, 53n133, 98, 100. See also grain; specific food types
• Forner, James and Arnau, 117
• Fraga, 128, 130–31, 133
• France: expulsion of Jews, 150n16, 151, 152–53, 173; famine-starved cities complaining of Catalan attacks on grain shipments to, 104; in war over Sicily, 60. See also specific names of kings
• Franklin-Lyons, Adam, 7
• Frederick (king of Sicily), 27, 60, 68, 80

• Garcès, Joan, 165
• Gavet, Pere, 132
• Genoa: attack on Barcelona (1332), 71; Barcelona-Mallorca fleet blockade of, 71, 72, 74; Barcelona-Mallorca-Valencia alliance to fight against, 76–77; blockading grain shipments headed to Barcelona, 74; decentralized control as asset to, 82; famine as weapon of war and, 74; maritime conflict with Barcelona, 7, 27, 48, 68–71, 103, 187, 213; Marquet as fleet leader in war with, 11, 69–70, 75, 103, 109; Officium robarie created to deal with illegitimate ship seizures, 105; vying for control in Mediterranean in late twelfth century, 57; weapons trading with Mamluks, 66
• geography. See maps and geography
• Girona, 2, 46, 97–100, 125, 152n26
• governance of Barcelona. See bailiffs; Council of One Hundred; self-government of Barcelona and relationship to Crown; vaguers; specific kings of Crown of Aragon
• grain, 23–46; alfòndecs as points of wholesale commerce, 31–32, 50, 193; arrival at port of Barcelona, 30–31; bread and bescuyt in medieval diet, 16, 24–25, 40, 45, 73; bread bakers, 44, 44n97, 50, 190; brokers, 42, 50; city granary building, 32; flour market, 43–44, 43n94, 52, 190–91; fraudulent adulteration of, 48, 52–53, 52n130, 190–91, 191n49; grain market at nexus of city's four quarters, 16, 46, 178; grain mills, 43; hoarding restrictions, 40, 48, 50–51, 110, 188; human networks, creation of, 16–17, 31–37, 42–46; loci of institutional power for, 41; longshoremen's role, 30–31; Mediterranean trade network and, 26–27, 29–30, 56; overland source from northern Catalonia, 33, 38; plaça del Blat as center of grain commerce, 33, 38–39, 49, 179; porters used to carry from port to marketplace, 33–34; price increase due to shortage, 48, 52, 140–41, 188; purchase limits and penalties, 40–41, 49; religious significance of bread, 25; resellers/retailers (revenedors), 42–43, 52; sources of, 25–29, 119; taxation, 39–40, 43n94, 49; temporary storage of, 32–33, 32n50, 50; theft of bread, punishment for, 53; types of bread and processing, 24–25
• Gras, Bernat, 122–24
• Great Famine (1315–1317), 2
• Guillaume Adam (William of Adam), 66

• honrats, 37, 121, 189–90, 195, 209
• Horden, Peregrine, 9
• hostages as guarantee for payments in grain deals, 80–81
• Hugh of Arborea, Judge, 80

• identity: Barcelona taking on Mediterranean identity, 11, 57–62, 76, 83–84; as Jewish woman, 148; Marquet symbolizing Mediterranean identity of city, 57, 77–78; overlapping roles of human actors and, 192–93, 195–96, 207, 210; regional identities, 5
• Iglesias, 73, 79

• James I of Aragon (r. 1213–1276): Balearic Islands and, 29, 59, 89; Barcelona permitted to regulate its maritime commerce by, 61–62; ceding alfòndecs to Berenguer de Montcada, 32; corsair privileges restricted to ships with royal license, 105; Council of One Hundred established by, 37, 115; granting appointment powers for overseas consuls to Barcelona, 78; kingdoms of Mallorca and Valencia created by, 115; Marquet family's naval commands and, 63
• James II of Aragon (r. 1291–1327): Castile alliance sought by, 112–13; children of and choice of successor, 112–13; excommunication for refusal to cede Sicily to Frederick, 60; helping son John become archbishop of Tarragona, 134; Jews and, 150n16, 152, 158; marriage to Blanche of Anjou, 60, 112; release of prisoners on holidays, decree of, 41n82; Sardinia and Corsica granted to by Pope Boniface VIII, 67–68; Seville attacks on Aragonese ships and, 105, 106; Sicily and, 26–27, 68; Treaty of Anagni (1295) ending excommunication, 60
• James III of Mallorca (r. 1324–1349), 114
• Jewish community, 4, 5, 149–51; alfòndecs and, 32; Alfonso III/IV's military campaigns financed by, 162–63, 166; aljama as administrative body, 150–51; bailiffs as adjudicators of disputes, 167; bread's religious significance for, 25; call (original Jewish quarter) and its borders, 19, 149–50; charitable institutions to assist poor and sick, 153–54; Christian participation in circumcision rituals, 170n89; Christian supremacy enforced against, 172–73, 177; collectas as tax-collecting bodies for, 151, 151n19, 165; corruption complaint against aljama officials heard by James II, 161; in court posts, 154; debts owed to, 125n45, 164–65, 177; divorce laws of, 145, 156–57, 156n43, 159–60; as drapers, 195; excommunication of Astrug Cresques for failure to appear in court, 175; exogamous marriage, economic advantages of, 158; famine and, 13, 163; forced conversions and inquisition, 173; French Jews as refugees in, 150n16, 151, 152–53, 173; harassment incidents, 169, 171; hospital of, 184; interaction with Christian community, 12, 170; internal governance reform demanded by, 161–62; James II complaining about internal disputes of, 162; judicial authority (secular or religious), 151, 168n84; jurisdiction of Aragon's kings over, 160; location of, 19; married women's economic activity in, 157–58; meat sales to Christians, 38, 170, 170n93; as merchants or investors, 154–55, 195; near-annihilation (1391), 146, 177, 213; networking with overlapping communities, 12, 148, 151, 166–67, 177; population of, 19, 150, 150n16, 152–53, 173; public oven in, 44; registry of Jewish property, 163–64; relationship with royal and seigniorial authority, 146, 176; as “royal treasure” due to payments to the Crown, 160, 166, 169; segregated in late thirteenth century, 19; servi regis and, 160, 160n57, 169; settlement of, 149; sumptuary laws, enforcement of, 172; synagogues, 150; ties with other Jewish communities of Mediterranean region, 12, 151; Visigoth designation of Jews as servi regis, 160n57; widows in, 157, 158–59; women in, 146–47, 156–58. See also anti-Jewish sentiment; Bonadona
• John (archbishop of Tarragona), 12, 95, 134–37, 134n76, 143, 201
• John XXII (pope, r. 1316–1334), 112, 134
• Juyol, Pere, 13, 179; as draper, 195; fleeing marketplace and hiding, 196–97; as grain market supervisor, 195, 195n58; imprisoned and fined due to handling of grain market riot, 203; omitted in later accounts of riot, 209; overlapping social identities of, 192–93, 195–96, 207, 210; as prohom, 195; sent by council to respond to riot, 192, 199

• Kirk, Thomas, 82
• Klein, Elka, 146n6, 148

• Latour, Bruno, 9
• law of the sea, 62, 90–95; Barcelona expanding jurisdiction of the sea, 100, 103, 108–9. See also maritime law
• Lillet, Ferrer de, 140
• Lisbon ships taken captive, 11, 85–87; Alfonso IV of Portugal taking case to Alfonso of Aragon, 11, 101, 104–7; filing complaint with veguer of Barcelona, 90–91, 101; Marquet as attacking captain, 86, 100, 103, 107–8; possible conflict between captain and merchants on ships, 94; restitution demands on Barcelona, 107–8; seizures as common during famine year, 95; view of Barcelona as city both using piracy and legal structure, 11, 86, 109; Vi vel gratia (royal privilege of taking grain in times of shortage) and, 100, 107
• Little, Lester, 188
• Lleida, 50, 118, 122, 128, 130–32, 135–39, 152n26, 175, 200
• Llibre del consolat de mar. See maritime law
• Llibre vermell (Red Book), 97
• Llobet, Bernat, 167–69, 174–75, 174n108

• Mallorca, 73; banding with other cities to defend maritime commerce, 89n15; control by Crown of Aragon, 60; Genoan conflict and, 75, 76–77; James I of Aragon creating kingdom of, 115; Jews of, 151, 158; joining in alliance against Genoa, 71, 72, 74, 90; marriage of James III to daughter of Alfonso III/IV, 114; pirates in waters around, 89
• Maltas i Montoro, Joan, 141, 210
• Mamluks, 66, 70, 72, 103, 152
• Manresa (town), 110, 121–22, 141
• Manresa, Ferrer de, 206, 209
• maps and geography: Barcelona (c. 1333/1334), 18; Barcelona and western Mediterranean, 28; Barcelona plain with fourteenth-century coastline, 22; Catalonia (c. 1333/1334), 26; connections made through food system, 6; connections of Barcelona's various geographies, 8; division of Barcelona into four quarters, 15–16; of human relationships when navigating crisis year of food shortage, 212; medieval European T-O maps, 15
• Marcús, Bernat, 184
• Marimon, Bernat de, 197, 199, 208, 209
• maritime law: Barcelona given right to regulate, 61–62; Barcelona's code (Llibre del consolat de mar), 62, 91–95, 109; Barcelona's expanding jurisdiction of the sea, 87, 100, 103, 108–9; coastal waters treated as territory of Barcelona, 23; crew's vote required to attack enemy vessel, 93, 102; ill-fitting to reality on the seas, 92; indemnity system for ships engaging in corsairing, 105–6; mixed allegiances of ship owners, merchants, and crews complicating application of, 92–93; port cities developing, 92; restitution demanded for acts of piracy, 104–5; retaliatory raids to recover damages lost to illegitimate ship seizures, 104–5; threat of violence as possibility, 94; Vi vel gratia (royal privilege of taking grain in times of shortage), 96–99, 100, 102, 107, 109
• Marquès, Francesc, 120–21
• Marquet, Bernat (father of Galceran), 63, 65; murdered by mob (1257), 193, 194
• Marquet, Bonanat (brother of Galceran), 65
• Marquet, Galceran, 11, 55–71; approach to Mediterranean as microcosm of Barcelona's approach, 11, 76–78, 83; birth year of, 65n26; critical to council's strategy in year of famine and war, 74–75, 81, 103, 108; embargo violations by and sanctions on, 70, 103; as escort for grain ships headed to Barcelona, 11, 75–77, 204; expanding Barcelona's jurisdiction of territorial waters, 100, 103, 108; family background of, 55, 63–65, 83, 152; famine year and, 72; Genoan war, as fleet leader in, 11, 69–70, 75–77, 108, 137; Girona grain ships held and released by, 99–100; grain conspiracy allegations and, 55–56, 82; grain market riot investigation's mention of, 204; investing in merchant ventures, 65; Lisbon grain ships taken captive by, 86, 100, 103, 107–8; multiple identities of, 57, 77, 214; Pisa ship's seizure and, 103; plundering ships of supposed enemies, 65–66; rewarded after famine ended, 82; Sardinian conquest and, 67–68; symbolizing Mediterranean identity of city, 57, 77–78
• Marquet, Miquel (uncle of Galceran), 64
• Marquet, Ramon (grandfather of Galceran), 63
• Marseille, 16
• meat markets, 38, 170, 170n93
• Mediterranean: Barcelona and western Mediterranean (map), 28; Barcelona taking on Mediterranean identity, 11, 57–62, 76, 83–84; city-centered agency in, 70; grain shortage in, 47, 53; islands as bases for pirates and trade nodes, 89; laborers for shipbuilding industry from, 59; Muslim domination in tenth and eleventh centuries, 57; Pisa and Genoa vying for control in late twelfth century, 57; royal support of Barcelona's ventures in, 61–62; trade with Barcelona from, 26–27, 29–30, 56
• mendicant orders, 37, 180–81; dependent on wealthy merchants, 188; Despuig as member of, 180, 182, 186, 191, 210; economy of salvation and, 182–83; meaning of “mendicant” in Middle Ages, 181
• millers, regulation of, 43
• mob violence and revolt: Barcelona residents expected to help pacify, 198–99, 199n68; Bernat Marquet murdered by (1257), 193, 194; Oller's revolt against royal authority, 193–94. See also riot over grain shortage
• Montblanc, Jews of, 173, 175n110
• Montcada, Berenguer de, 32
• Montlleó, Balaguer de, 122–23
• Montpellier, 48, 58, 60, 78, 92–93, 96, 98, 104
• Mosse, Vital, 156
• Muslims: Balearic islands, attempt to expel from, 58; Christian powers in off-and-on conflict with, 88n8; discrimination against, 34; dominating Iberia's Mediterranean coast in tenth and eleventh centuries, 57; as threat to Mediterranean northwestern ports, 88; trade embargoes against, 66–67, 70, 103. See also Mamluks

• Nagera, Guillem de, 203n84, 204–6, 209
• Nef, Annliese, 9
• networks and points of entanglement: food supply, cooperative network tested by famine, 119, 121–25; grain and, 16–17, 31–37, 42–46; interwoven in the city, 5–12, 212; Jewish community's ties with other of Mediterranean Jews, 12, 151; Mediterranean role of Barcelona in, 26–27, 29–30, 56, 68–72, 81, 83–84; micro-networks of marriages and ship ownership corporations, 81; networks and points of entanglement, 12, 148, 151, 166–67, 177. See also identity
• Nicholas IV (pope, r. 1288–1292), 66
• Nirenberg, David, 169
• North Africa, 26, 79, 151
• Nunyo Sanç, Count, 88

• Oller, Berenguer, 193–94

• Palamós, 96, 98
• Pascual, Ferran, 121–22
• Passover and baking matzoh, 25
• Peter I/II (r. 1196–1213), 88
• Peter II/III (r. 1276–1285), 20, 61, 62; under attacks from Philip III of France, 194; Barcelona's self-government and, 115–17; excommunication allowing Aragon nobles to extract privileges from, 115–16; Jews and, 154; Oller as rebel against, 193–94; as procurator general, 117, 143; Recognoverunt proceres (privileges given to Barcelona), 116; Sicily taken from Angevin French by, 60, 63, 115, 194; weapons ban, exemptions granted by, 117
• Peter III/IV (r. 1336–1387), 12, 20, 55, 80, 95, 106n70, 114; autobiography of, 129; Barcelona's pattern of resistance to royal authority and, 203, 206–7, 210; Bonadona's case brought to, 175; on class divides, 207; famine aid and, 137–41, 143, 200; grain market riot (1334), restoring calm after, 179, 200–207, 210; Galceran Marquet and, 204; as procurator general, 137, 201; summit on grain distribution hosted by, 139–40, 143
• Peter of Antioch, 80
• Petri, Berenguer, 187
• Philip III of France (r. 1270–1285), 194
• Philip IV of France (r. 1285–1314), 152
• Philip VI of France (r. 1328–1350), 104
• Pia Almoina, distributing food to the poor, 184–85
• Piera, 122–23
• piracy and corsairing, 86–87; Barcelona experiencing in thirteenth and early fourteenth century, 87–90; commercial rivalries increasing, 89; grain shipments in year of famine more vulnerable to, 95–101; indemnity system for Catalan ships engaging in, 105–6; islands as bases for, 89; Llibre del consolat de mar and, 91–95, 109; restitution demanded for acts of, 104–5; royal privilege in times of shortage, 96–99, 100, 102, 107, 109; view of Barcelona as city both using piracy and legal structure, 86, 109
• Pisa, 57, 58, 66, 103
• plaça del Blat grain market, 33, 38–39, 49. See also riot over grain shortage
• plural monarchy, 12, 112, 113, 127, 130, 142–43
• Ponç de Gualba, Bishop, 42, 51–52
• porters, 33–36, 34n10
• port of Barcelona, 30–31, 31n43; history of, 27–29; leaders chosen locally, 62; premier status of, 27
• Portuguese merchants’ ships. See Lisbon ships taken captive
• poverty, 25, 181–85, 182n13, 191
• prohoms, 37, 127, 195
• public ovens, 44, 44n97, 53, 53n132

• Ramiro II of Aragon, 115
• Ramon Berenguer III (r. 1097–1131), 29, 58
• Ramon Berenguer IV, 115
• Ramon d’Agramunt, 102
• Rec Comtal, 20, 36, 43, 171
• revolt. See mob violence and revolt
• Riaria, Berenguer and Pere de, 117
• riot over grain shortage (plaça del Blat, April 15, 1334), 178–80; accounts differing depending on narrator's frame of reference, 180, 191, 210–11; Barcelona representing potential threat to royal authority and, 203, 206–7, 210; Boscà as first chronicler to note, 207–8; Bruniquer's account of, 208–9; Cervelló's investigation and arrest of rioters, 202–3, 208; councilors’ report to king on, 197–98; Despuig attributing to corruption by city leaders, 178–79, 187, 190–91, 210; early modern accounts more detailed but less reliable, 209–10; Juyol arrested and fined for actions on day of riot, 203; Juyol fleeing marketplace and hiding, 196–97; Juyol sent by Council to investigate, 192, 199; Nagera's alleged role in inciting, 204–6; other accounts contemporaneous to Bruniquer's, 208–9; Peter finding lower classes responsible for, 207, 210; Serra, charges against, 204, 205–6; torture used in questioning suspected rioters, 202
• Roig, Elisenda (wife of Bernat Marquet), 63, 193
• Rovira, Bernat ça, 121
• royal privilege. See Vi vel gratia
• Rubin, Miri, 173

• Sabaté, Flocel, 172
• Sabater, Ferrera (mother of Galceran Marquet), 65
• Saccall, Dolça, 158
• Santa Caterina convent, 37, 38, 41, 192
• Santa Clara, 20, 171, 181
• Santa Maria del Mar, 16, 35–36, 185
• Santcliment, Pere de, 138, 139, 201
• Sant Feliu de Guíxols (Girona's main port), 99
• Santmenat, Berenguer de, 118
• Sant Pere de les Puel·les, 16, 18, 20, 37
• Sardinia: Alfonso leading conquest while Aragon's prince, 68, 113, 114n13; banding with other cities to defend maritime commerce, 89n15; Boniface VIII giving to James II, 67; Catalan fleet needing to restock bread from, 72–73; as grain source, 27; Marquet involved in conquest, 11, 67–68, 72; as pirate haven, 89; under Pisan or Genoese control, 67
• self-government of Barcelona and relationship to Crown, 115–17, 141–42; Barcelona as potential threat to royal authority, 203, 206–7, 210; maritime law and Llibre del consolat de mar, 62, 91–95, 109; Recognoverunt proceres (royal law governing), 116; Vi vel gratia (royal privilege of taking grain in times of shortage), 96–99, 100, 102, 107, 109
• Serra, Bernat, 82, 203n84, 204, 205–6
• Sescomes, Arnau, 200
• Seville's indemnity system for corsairing, 106
• shipbuilding industry: Barcelona chosen for royal shipyards, 4, 61–62; economic impact of, 59; laborers from Mediterranean coming to Barcelona, 59; tax exemption for Barcelona, 29, 58
• ship crews, diet of, 24–25, 45, 45nn99–100
• Sicilian Vespers (revolt 1282), 60
• Sicily: grain from, 26–27, 99; hostage offered to guarantee payments for grain deals with Barcelona, 81; James II and, 26–27, 68; Jews of, 151; Peter II/III's claim to and war with France over, 60, 63, 115; reprovisioning of Barcelona's fleet in, 79. See also Frederick
• Smail, Daniel Lord, 16
• Smith, Neil, 8
• social classes. See classes in medieval society
• Sollem Cohen, Astrug (father of Bonadona), 145, 155, 162, 168, 175–76
• sovereignty, 86–87. See also maritime law
• Sunyol, Nicholas, 204

• Tai, Emily, 86
• Tarragona: Barcelona's approach to jurisdiction and, 100; Barcelona's food supply from, 119; Barcelona's trade with, 58; capture of grain ship bound to Barcelona, 95–96; hardening boundaries between Jews and Christians, 169–70; John's archiepiscopal jurisdiction over, 135n79, 137; penalizing conversos Jews for returning to Judaism in, 173; as possible ally of Barcelona against Genoa, 69
• taxation and fines: on flour market, 43n94, 191; on grain, 39–40, 49; Jewish community organized as collectas for tax purposes, 151; Juyol's fine for deserting official role during grain market riot, 203; ship tax exemption for Barcelona, 29, 58; smuggling offenses of Muslim goods, fines for, 67, 67n34; tax evasion, fines for, 40; weapons violations, fines for, 117
• Teresa d’Entença (first wife of Alfonso III/IV), 114
• Tilly, Charles, 87
• Toledo, archbishop of, 134, 134n76
• Tortosa, 50, 57, 69, 99, 128, 128n54, 130–33, 131n66
• Treaty of Anagni (1295), 60

• urban spaces, what constitutes, 17–23, 23n17
• Urgell, 25, 114, 138, 139
• Usatges de Barcelona, 23, 24, 98, 100

• Valencia: banding with other cities to defend maritime commerce, 89n15; Barcelona seizing grain ships headed to, 102; Eleanor receiving income from, 130; famine/grain shortage in, 47, 102n56; Genoa war and, 69, 75, 76–77; grain imports from, 26; James I of Aragon creating kingdom of, 115; Jews of, 151; parish charities providing dowries, 185; replacing Barcelona as premier port city, 27; transfer proposed to Ferdinand, 129
• veguers (representatives of counts/kings), 17; Barcelona's council complaint against, 118, 118n28; councilors petitioning for replacement of, 118; fines collected for weapons violations, 117; grain market and, 39, 39n71; jurisdiction of, 21, 23, 115; maintaining order as local arm of royal justice, 198–99; prohibiting merchants from leaving Barcelona with grain, 122; riot over grain shortage (1334) and, 198, 209
• Venice, 51, 58, 61n13, 66, 70, 72, 105
• Vila, Berenguer ça, 121–22
• Vilar (or Desvilar), Pere, 183, 183n17, 184, 186
• Vi vel gratia (royal privilege of taking grain in times of shortage), 96–99, 100, 102, 107, 109
• Vives, Berenguer, 110

• weapons ordinances and violations, 117, 145, 162, 198, 199n66, 199n68
• women, 5; Bonadona's story as Jewish woman, 12; economic activity of married Jewish women, 157–58; as fishmongers, 30; in grain trades, 45; history told from vantage point of, 147–48; Jewish women, 146–47, 156–58; in mendicant orders, 180–81; power of aristocratic women, 120; as property owners, 120; in provisioning trades, 45; as rioters in grain market, 202n80