accreditation, 157–158, 171, 231n124, 242n41

ACT scores, 1, 168–171, 173, 179

adult education levels

adult attainment, 32, 64–65, 67–75, 168, 186–192

in black neighborhoods, 77

in Johnson County, 137–138

in Kansas City metropolitan districts, 109–111, 216n61, 216n64

spatial organization of, 185–189

and urban-suburban divide, 32–34, 64–69, 73–74

advantage, 2, 29–31, 168

concentrated, 72–74, 168

and gender, 191–192

and Johnson County, 71–73

and racial exclusion, 135

suburban, 3, 14–16, 37, 43, 61, 128, 162–163, 171, 179

affluence

and African Americans, 41, 54, 57, 163

geographic distribution of, 178

in KCMPS, 98, 106

and localism, 12, 35, 173

and suburbs, 6, 25, 27–28, 149, 145–155, 177–178

African Americans

as “culturally deprived,” 88–89, 93, 118

and histories of education, 5

and integration efforts, 38–42

and Johnson County, 133, 140–142, 144

and Kansas City development, 8–9, 50–57

and KCMPS, 62–63, 77–89, 92–103

and legacies of inequality, 158–167, 171–172, 174–177

and localism, 13

and metropolitan differentiation, 32–33

middle class, 41, 72–73, 131, 164–165, 242n32

and spatial inequality, 65–68, 71–73, 186–188, 190–191

and suburban Missouri districts, 105–107, 110–111, 116–118, 122–124, 131–133

teachers, 55, 62, 80, 171

and US urban education, 21–26, 28

annexation, 14–15, 30–31, 124

and Hickman Mills, 44, 50, 115

and North Kansas City, 119–121, 123, 177, 212n9

in postwar Kansas City, 46–48, 50

and Raytown, 112, 118

and suburb development, 58–59, 61, 108

of Sugar Creek, 81

attendance zones, 29, 38–39, 51, 214n41

baby boom, 5, 22, 45, 84, 107, 189

Ball, Arzel, 151–152

Bedell, Mark, 157, 171

black people

See African Americans

blue-collar communities, 8, 58, 99, 113, 117, 121, 174

Blue Springs, Missouri, 47, 164, 166–167, 170

Blue Valley School District, 60, 68, 152, 168–170

Bonner Springs, Kansas, 60, 129, 238n78

Boustan, Leah Platt, 24, 41

Brown v. Board of Education, 38, 55–56, 62, 81, 107, 141

busing, 38–39, 62–63, 86, 88, 95–96, 125, 213n23

Catholic schools, 100, 102, 224n122

Center District, 60–61, 82–83, 99, 108–110, 169–170

central city, 14–16, 23, 36, 158–159, 161, 179–181

and KCMPS, 62, 69, 131

and metropolitan differentiation, 32–34

and the rise of the suburbs, 58

Central High, 79, 81, 88, 102, 117, 126, 176

Chicago, Illinois, 25–26, 29, 40–41, 62, 181

children, 1–4

and educational inequality, 72–74

and enduring inequality, 158–159, 165–168, 172, 181

in Johnson County, 155

and KCMPS, 63, 68–69, 86, 99–100, 102

in Missouri suburbs, 118, 125

and racial boundaries, 88–89

and school integration, 39, 41, 96

and school segregation, 55

city schools, 2–5, 11, 16, 19, 76–77

crisis in, 77–78, 80

and enduring inequality, 161, 182

and Missouri suburbs, 127

racial boundaries in, 88

segregation in, 39

and social change, 27–28, 34, 43

and suburbs, 41, 43, 110

civil rights, 10, 25–26, 38–39, 62–63, 93–94

Clay County, Missouri, 60, 79, 216n61, 217n69

race in, 122, 165

Coleman, James, 28, 38, 111

college education

adults with, 37, 64–65, 67–69, 71–72, 185–189, 192

college prep, 19–20

and enduring inequality, 167–169, 173, 175

Commission on Civil Rights, US, 94, 98, 128, 155, 177

Conant, James, 18–19, 22, 24, 28

conflict

and desegregation, 62–63, 74, 78, 95

and enduring inequality, 163, 180

and Johnson County, 134–135, 153, 155–156

and KCMPS, 86, 93–95

and metropolitan development, 11–12

and Raytown, 115–118

and suburban development, 64

and urban education, 20, 29

consolidation, school district

in Johnson County, 146–151, 155–156

in Missouri suburbs, 15, 60–61, 112, 120–121, 124–125

and suburban localism, 35–37, 43

Cookingham, L. P. (Perry), 14, 44–46, 48, 74, 115, 123

Country Club district, 64–65, 68, 74, 136, 186–189, 217n69

Country Club Plaza, 59, 136, 165

crime, 3, 11, 40–41

curriculum

for African Americans, 89, 100

of public schools, 22, 49, 78–79, 89

and tracking, 20

Daniels, Marvin, 54–55, 87–88, 91, 100, 122

democracy, 125, 156, 178, 183

demography

demographic changes, 14, 30, 58, 64

demographic trends, 8, 69–70

and suburbs, 41, 45, 58

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), 94–95, 103

deprivation, 24, 72, 77, 159, 162, 169, 178

concentrated, 165, 167, 172

desegregation

after Brown v. Board, 38–40, 43

and enduring inequality, 163, 171, 177, 179–180

Jenkins v. Missouri, 10, 62, 78, 129, 157, 193, 232n7

and Johnson County, 135, 157

in Kansas City, 62–63, 78, 81, 84–86, 94–98, 102–105

and Missouri suburbs, 128–131

and urban education, 19, 26, 28–29

Webb v. School District No. 90, 55, 141

See also integration

Detroit, Michigan, 24, 26, 39, 102, 181

disadvantage

and African Americans, 33, 68, 90, 92–93

concentrated, 57, 72–74, 95, 168

and urban-suburban divide, 42–43, 179

discrimination

in cities, 5, 8–9, 13–24, 55, 57

in education, 68, 107, 110

and localism, 131

ongoing, 160–161

districts

assessments of, 91, 99, 196

contemporary KC area, 1

and desegregation nationally, 38–40

and enduring inequality, 157–158, 160, 163, 165, 168–183

and geo-spatial inequality in KC, 64–65, 68, 72

interdistrict cooperation, 129–130, 180, 229n93, 243n49

interdistrict transfer programs, 179–180, 183

in Johnson County, 134–135, 138–141, 143–154, 156

and Kansas City history, 10, 14–16, 47–50, 55–56, 60–63

Kansas City Missouri Public Schools. See Kansas City Missouri Public Schools (KCMPS)

and localism, 36

mergers, 50, 119, 146, 148

and metropolitan development, 30

in Missouri suburbs, 105–115, 117–132

in postwar US, 26–28

unification, 146–156

and urban-suburban divide, 42–43

East High School, 79, 82–83, 86–87, 89

East Side, Kansas City's, 53–54, 82, 92, 96, 102, 213n26

economy

economic segregation, 8

in Johnson County, 138, 152, 156

in Kansas City, 46, 64–65, 75, 100, 109, 188–189

in urban areas, 20–23, 32, 34

education

adult. See adult education levels

contemporary inequality, 158–159, 162, 168–169, 171–173, 178–181, 183

and desegregation, 38–42

golden age of urban, 19–22

historical inequality, 4, 29–35, 42–43, 45, 58

histories of, 6, 18–19

impacts of, 1–2

in Johnson County, 134, 140, 143, 155–156

and Kansas City history, 9–11, 14–16, 45, 48, 61–75

and KCMPS, 77, 79, 81, 88–89, 93–94, 98, 100

in Missouri suburbs, 116, 120, 125, 127–129, 131

and postwar social change, 22–29

statistical analysis of, 185–189, 191–192

and suburban localism, 36–38

Elard, Patrick, 87–89, 100, 116, 123–124

elementary schools, 22

elementary districts, 48, 79–81, 119, 134–135, 145–151

and Johnson County, 145–151, 234n30

and KCMPS, 92–93, 95

Excelsior Springs, Missouri, 47, 56, 60, 79, 122, 224n119

exclusion

and enduring inequality, 156, 161, 163, 175–176

in Johnson County, 141

localism and, 12–13

and metropolitan development, 51, 54

in Missouri suburbs, 105, 112, 117, 124, 130–131

post-Brown v. Board, 39–40

expansion

of African American population, 51, 56, 82–83, 178

municipal, 10, 45–48, 51

suburban, 19, 23, 59, 108, 139–140

extracurricular activities, 22, 49, 78, 221n57

Fairway, Kansas, 133–134, 137–138, 142, 148, 176

families

African American, 28, 54–56, 57, 72–73, 142

and enduring inequality, 169–176, 181–182

family background, 28, 70

family income, 65, 138

family structure, 70, 72–73, 77, 160, 169, 191–192

and the golden age of urban education, 22–23

and inequality, 2–3, 70–73, 189–191

and Johnson County, 137–138, 142, 161, 165

and KCMPS, 76, 82, 86, 96, 99, 102–103

and metropolitan development, 30, 56–57

and metropolitan differentiation, 33

and Missouri suburbs, 106–110, 118

statistical analysis of, 189–191

female-headed households, 41, 71, 162, 190–192

Florida, Richard, 8, 161–162, 199n35

fragmentation

and localism, 35–37

of metropolitan areas, 48, 69, 182

of school districts, 182–183

of suburbs, 61, 135

Free or Reduced Lunch Program (FRL), 108, 110–111, 122, 162, 225n13

Frey, William, 160, 183

gender, 70, 190

female-headed households, 41, 71–72, 162, 168, 190–192

women teachers, 80

geo-spatial frame of reference, 11

inequality, 43, 45, 64–66, 69–70, 74–75, 162, 183

and metropolitan development, 31–32, 193

and suburbs, 19, 58

variables, 187, 190, 192, 217n69

Gotham, Kevin Fox, 54, 213n23

government

centralized, 21

and desegregation, 40

and districts, 4, 50

and localism, 35–36

and suburbs, 116, 134–135, 249, 153–154, 176

graduation rates, 1, 159–160, 189–190

African American, 24, 26–27, 67, 77, 93

Grandview, Missouri, 50, 58, 108–109, 115, 122, 126, 170

African Americans in, 99, 227n60

maps of, 47, 49, 60, 83, 164, 166–167

Great Depression, 21, 25, 137

Hawley, Amos, 11, 36–37, 154–155, 172, 200n46

Hazlett, James, 76, 79–80, 127, 173, 178

desegregation proposal, 86, 95, 103–104

Hazlett huts, 94

and race in KCMPS, 91–92, 171, 213n27, 214n39

Herndon, Joe, 115, 117, 227n50, 227n52

Hickman Mills District (HMSD), 15

African Americans in, 16, 82–83, 112, 118, 163

comparison to KCMPS, 99

comparison to North Kansas City, 122–123

comparison to Raytown, 115–116

contemporary, 16, 169–170, 175

development of, 108–110

KCMPS annexation of, 44, 50

and KCMPS out-migration, 101–102

map of, 47, 83, 113

poverty in, 122, 163, 165, 169–170

high schools

and educational inequality, 70, 190

and enduring inequality, 159, 162

growth of, 20, 22

KCMPS, 79, 81–83, 86, 90, 95, 99, 103

in Johnson County, 61, 138–140, 143–147, 149

and metropolitan differentiation, 34

in Missouri suburbs, 114, 119–120

public as superior, 15, 18, 22, 78–79

rural, 48

senior, 79, 95, 98

highway construction, 5, 19, 30–31, 51, 106, 225n3

Hilliard, Susan, 53–54, 87, 100, 102, 122

Hispanic population, 9, 40, 56, 124, 241n27, 241n32

housing

and African Americans, 53–57, 90, 93

and civil rights, 24–27, 93

discrimination in, 9, 24–27, 59, 93

and enduring inequality, 159, 173–175, 181–182

home ownership, 5, 30, 33, 67, 70–71, 73

home values, 34, 65–67, 143, 188

housing markets, 5, 24, 27, 39, 115

in Johnson County, 68, 134, 137, 139, 142

in Missouri suburbs, 106, 108, 114–116, 118

mortgage policies, 5, 9, 19, 23, 106, 123

statistical analysis of, 186, 191–192

human ecology theory, 11–12

income, 27, 25, 34, 37

and enduring inequality, 162, 165

and Johnson County, 137–138, 145, 154, 156

low, 27, 65, 225n13

and Missouri suburbs, 109–110, 118, 123, 188

and race, 54, 56–57, 118

and spatial inequality, 65, 67

Independence, Missouri

ACT scores in, 170

African Americans in, 55, 83, 122, 129, 163–164

and annexation, 47–49, 81

college education in, 167–168

Independence School District, 48–49, 78–79, 108–110, 113

and KCMPS, 96, 99

poverty in, 166

inequality, 2

correlates of, 69–74

economic, 63, 74–75, 125, 156

enduring, 159, 162, 177–179, 182–183

geo-spatial, 43, 45, 64–66, 69–70, 74–75, 162, 183

histories of, 6, 32

institutions and, 3–4

in Johnson County, 140, 154, 156

metropolitan, 32, 34

in Missouri suburbs, 128, 132

and race, 42, 102

statistical analysis of, 187

and suburban development, 36, 38

integration

after Brown v. Board, 38–40, 43

in cities, 25–26, 50, 105

and enduring inequality, 163–165, 173–174, 180, 182–183

and Johnson County, 55, 133, 140–141, 155

in KCMPS, 62–63, 80–82, 84, 86, 92–97, 100

and Missouri suburbs, 107, 117–118, 124–125, 127–133

in secondary schools, 53

Jackson County, Missouri

adult attainment in, 168, 216n61

districts in, 49–50, 78–79, 157

geo-spatial analysis of, 64–65, 67, 69

poverty in, 165

statistical analysis of, 186–187

suburbanization in, 59, 61, 74

Jenkins v. Missouri, 10, 62, 78, 129, 157, 193, 232n7

Johnson County, Kansas, 14–16

adult attainment in, 64–65, 66

African Americans in, 52, 55, 133–134, 140–142

educational attainment in, 70–73

and enduring inequality, 157, 164–165, 168–171, 175–177

Johnson County District No. 55, 90, 140

and KCMPS, 101

school decline in, 152–154

and Shawnee Mission high school, 138–140, 142–146, 152, 154–156

statistical analysis of, 188–192

suburban development in, 59–60, 67, 74, 135–138

and unification conflict, 146–152

Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 24, 38

Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO), 1, 7–11, 14–16, 44–46

correlates of inequality in, 69–75

district transitions in, 61–63

enduring inequality in, 157–160, 163–179

expansion of, 45–50

geo-spatial inequality and, 63–69

and Johnson County, 134, 136–137, 143

Kansas City Missouri Public Schools. See Kansas City Missouri Public School (KCMPS)

and Missouri suburbs, 107–108, 112–113, 116–118, 123–131

poverty in, 72

race in, 50–58, 82–83, 87–88, 91–93, 97–98

South, 58, 112–113, 116–118, 174

statistical analysis of, 185–186, 188–192

suburbanization and, 58–61

See also metropolitan Kansas City

Kansas City Missouri Public Schools (KCMPS), 48–49, 76–78

conflict in, 91–95

decline of, 98–100, 102–104, 225n8

desegregation failures and, 95–98

and enduring inequality, 157–158, 168–169, 171, 178, 179

exit from, 75, 100–102

geo-spatial inequality and, 64–69, 72

historical prominence of, 78–81

and Missouri suburbs, 106–111, 116–118, 122, 126–132

overcrowding in, 62, 78–80, 89, 92, 94, 96

provisional accreditation of, 157–158

race and poverty in, 81–86

racial boundaries and, 87–91

statistical analysis of, 186–187, 189, 217n69

and Sugar Creek district, 80–81, 96

transition of, 61–62

Kansas City, Kansas (KCK), 1, 8, 45, 51, 110, 135, 141

Kansas City KS public schools (KCKPS), 48, 109–110, 138

race in, 51, 141, 166–167, 195n1, 212n20

and suburban development, 59

Sumner High, 141, 169

Keyes v. School District No. 1, 39, 94

Latinx population, 160, 162

Leawood, 137–138, 152–153, 164, 166, 167–168

Liberty, Missouri, 47, 60, 79, 120, 170

ACT scores in, 170

African Americans in, 55, 122

and KCMPS, 99, 109

Liberty School District, 61, 108–110

poverty in, 110

Lincoln High, 56, 79, 82, 91, 93, 169

local control, 4, 35, 43, 155

and Johnson County, 105, 126, 134, 148–149, 155

Localism, 11–13, 16

and enduring inequality, 172–177, 182–183

in Johnson County, 134, 147, 156, 233n19

in Missouri suburbs, 107, 118, 124, 130, 132

and suburbanization, 35–38

Logan, John, 162, 171

logistical regression analysis, 69–72, 190

Los Angeles, California, 24, 31, 40

magnet schools, 40, 42, 160–161, 169, 180

Manual High, 79, 81–82, 87

manufacturing, 7–8, 29, 31–32, 40, 45, 108

Massey, Douglas, 9, 178

McEachen, Howard, 139–140, 142, 144–145, 151, 155

Merriam, Kansas., 136–138, 141, 148

metropolitan areas, 2, 4–6, 12, 18–19, 42–43

and history of public education, 21

and integration, 38–42

national development of, 29–32

and social impacts, 23–25, 27, 32–34

and suburban localism, 35–37

metropolitan Kansas City, 1, 6–11, 14, 16, 45–46

and enduring inequality, 158–160, 162–168, 171–173, 178–183

expansion of, 46–50, 63, 74–75

geo-spatial mapping of, 63–69

and Johnson County, 134, 137, 143, 145, 151, 155

and KCMPS, 85, 91, 97–98, 101–102

and Missouri suburbs, 106–109, 112, 122, 124–126, 128–131

racial development of, 50–58

and statistical analysis, 69–74, 188, 189

and suburban development, 58–61

middle class

African American, 24, 41, 72–73, 102, 131, 164

and enduring inequality, 161, 164–165, 188

and Johnson County, 137, 141, 144, 154

and KCMPS, 75, 90, 93, 102, 104

and Missouri suburbs, 106–107, 118, 121, 131, 188

and suburban development, 9, 13, 30, 61, 68

Mieszkowski, Peter, 160, 173

Milliken v. Bradley, 39–40, 43, 179

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 28, 36, 39, 102, 179

minority groups

and enduring inequality, 158, 161, 168–170, 180

in Johnson County, 141

in KCMPS, 81, 95, 97, 101

and Missouri suburbs, 106, 109–111, 116, 118, 124

and poverty, 42, 169, 174, 180, 182

racial and ethnic, 3, 5–6, 21–23

Mission, Kansas, 138–139, 142, 148

Mission Hills, Kansas, 136–138, 142, 144, 148, 152–153, 165

Missouri v. Jenkins, 10, 62, 78, 98, 129, 157, 193

Moving to Opportunity (MTO) program, 181, 183

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 9, 26, 38, 130, 141

National Merit scholars, 79, 92, 98, 143–144

neighborhoods

and desegregation, 38–41

and enduring inequality, 161–162, 164–165, 171, 174, 181

and geo-spatial inequality, 64, 67–68, 72, 188–189

and Johnson County, 127, 134–138, 141, 151–153, 155

and KCMPS, 62–63, 77, 79–82, 87–90, 96, 100–101

and localism, 13

and Missouri suburbs, 115–116, 121–122

neighborhood associations, 134, 136–137, 141, 165, 234n27

neighborhood schools, 29, 62, 80, 86, 127, 152

predominantly black, 55–56, 82

predominantly white, 6, 9, 23, 55, 86, 92

and race in Kansas City, 5, 8–9, 50–51, 53–57

and suburban development, 58

and urban education, 22–29

Nichols, J. C., 12, 58–59, 75, 134–137, 144, 186

and KCMPS, 63–64, 69

North Kansas City, 15

African Americans in, 67

and enduring inequality, 164, 170

and Kansas City, 47, 49, 60, 129, 131

North Kansas City School District (NKCSD), 64, 79, 108–110, 118–124, 177

Northland, the, 61, 120, 123–124, 165, 212n9

Olathe, Kansas, 60, 136, 169–170, 234n38

opportunity hoarding, 13, 15, 104, 174–176, 183

and Missouri suburbs, 107, 118, 131–132

oral history, 16, 185, 192–193

out-migration, 84–85, 92, 102, 107, 230n110

Overland Park, Kansas, 68, 133–134, 138, 152–153, 233n17

parental education, 28, 32, 70, 73, 109, 162, 171, 192

Park Hill district, 60, 170

Paseo Academy, 79, 82–87, 92–93, 101, 126

Pendergast, Tom, 8, 50, 212n18

police

and African Americans, 24, 53, 87, 93, 160

in Missouri suburbs, 116, 118, 176

politics, 19

big-city, 8, 11–12

dog-whistle, 131

local, 11–12, 29

and suburbanization, 19, 134

postwar era, 2–6, 12–15, 171–172, 191

and Johnson County, 135, 142, 146

in Kansas City, 50–51, 58–60

and KCMPS, 77, 84, 87, 106

metropolitan development in, 23, 29–31, 34

and Missouri suburbs, 112, 119, 124

urban-suburban divide and, 42–43

poverty, 9, 24–25, 27, 34, 41–42

concentrated, 159, 164–165, 175, 178, 181–182

and enduring inequality, 158–172, 178, 181–182, 191

extreme, 68, 182

in Kansas City, 56–57, 68, 71–73

in KCMPS, 76–77, 81–90, 102–103

and Missouri suburbs, 111, 116, 127

and students, 27, 88, 92, 103

Prairie Village, Kansas, 134, 137–138, 142, 148, 164–167, 214n42

predominantly African American institutions, 27, 169–161, 163, 174–175

in KCMPS, 77–78, 81, 87–89, 93, 96, 100–102

predominantly white institutions, 39, 158, 161

in KCMPS, 76, 86, 88, 90–92, 106

in Missouri suburbs, 131, 135, 137

private schools, 63, 96, 98, 101–102, 138

property values, 26, 67, 88, 115, 144

and enduring inequality, 173, 186–189

Public education, 3–4, 36, 42–43, 97, 173

in Johnson County, 135, 155–156

and Missouri suburbs, 128

overcrowding in, 20, 39

race, 5–9, 13, 32–33, 45

African Americans. See African Americans

after Brown v. Board, 38–42

Asian Americans, 160

and enduring inequality, 163–65, 167, 172–178

ethnic minority, 3, 6, 23, 106, 195n1

Hispanic people, 9, 40, 56, 124, 241n27, 241n32

and Johnson County, 134, 140–142, 155–156

and Kansas City development, 50–58, 74–75

and KCMPS, 62–63, 67–68, 77–82, 84–95, 100, 102

Latinx population, 160, 162

and Missouri suburbs, 105–107, 112, 117, 124–128, 131–133

racism, 5, 11, 25, 86, 131, 175

and social change, 22–29

statistical analysis of, 69–70, 185–190

and urban education, 21–23

Raytown, Missouri, 15–16, 105–106, 131–132

African Americans in, 82–83, 112–118, 214n42

comparison to NKCSD, 123–124

and enduring inequality, 163–167, 170, 174–177

and geo-spatial inequality, 66–67

and Kansas City expansion, 47, 49–50, 58, 108–109

and the Spainhower Commission, 126

statistical analysis of, 186–188

See also Raytown School District

Raytown School District, 15–16, 105–106, 115, 219n28

African Americans in, 83, 112–113, 116–118, 132, 163

comparison to NKCSD, 120, 123–124

and exit from KCMPS, 101–102

and geo-spatial inequality, 64–65, 67

and Kansas City expansion, 50

poverty in, 165–166, 169–170, 214n42

and the Spainhower commission, 126

and suburban school development, 108–111

real estate

and desegregation, 39

and enduring inequality, 173, 176

and Johnson County, 133, 142–143, 145

and KCMPS, 76

and Missouri suburbs, 117, 123

and race, 5, 9, 53–57, 92

restrictive covenants in, 5, 23, 59, 136–137

and suburban development, 9, 19

See also housing

rural districts

African Americans in, 4, 15, 21

in Johnson County, 146–147, 149, 153–154

and Missouri suburbs, 112, 120, 126–127

Shawnee Mission Rural, 139, 141, 237n70

and urban districts, 2–3, 78

Ryan, James E., 37, 161

schools

attendance zones in, 29, 38–39, 51

consolidation of, 146–147, 149–150, 156

funding of, 109–111

overcrowding in, 20, 62, 78–80, 82, 92, 94

school accountability, 168, 179

school closings, 115, 120, 152–154

school success, 32–33, 67, 70–72, 74, 190–192, 208n69

and social capital, 13, 132, 176

See also high schools

secondary schooling

growth of, 20–22

in Johnson County, 138–139, 141, 148–149

in Kansas City, 48, 53, 62–63, 85–86

in Missouri suburbs, 112, 114

and race, 22, 53, 82, 89, 92

See also high schools

segregation

after Brown v. Board, 38–40

desegregation. See desegregation

and enduring inequality, 159, 161, 163–164, 171–172, 178–180, 182

and Johnson County, 134–135, 140–141

and Kansas City history, 8–10, 51, 55–57, 62–64, 75

and KCMPS, 78–82, 86–88, 91–98

in Missouri suburbs, 123, 125, 129–132

and suburban history, 5, 28

and urban history, 24–26, 28–29

Sewing, Donald, 133–134, 142, 165, 174

Shawnee, Kansas, 137–138

Shawnee Mission School District (SMSD), 1, 60–61, 134–135, 154–156

acclaim for, 144–146

decline in, 152–153

and district unification, 146–152

and enduring inequality, 160, 169–170, 173, 175

and geo-spatial inequality, 64–68

Shawnee Mission High, 141–144, 149

Shawnee Mission North, 1, 144

Shawnee Mission Rural High, 138–141

Siegel-Hawley, Genevieve, 179, 182

social class, 2, 9, 11, 22, 37, 69, 156

social status

and enduring inequality, 163, 183

and institutions, 3–4

in Johnson County, 138, 154

and KCMPS, 62, 68

and Missouri suburbs, 106, 114, 121

and suburbs, 31

and urban education, 6, 28, 74

socioeconomic status

and race, 33, 42, 54, 68, 75

and suburbs, 31, 58, 160, 162, 178

Southwest High, 79, 86, 90, 100–101

African Americans in, 63, 68, 82–83, 92, 97–98

and Johnson County schools, 138, 143

Spainhower Commission, 124–128, 130, 132, 148, 177

St. Louis, Missouri, 46, 48, 124–126, 158, 180

standardized tests, 16, 20

and enduring inequality, 157, 159, 179, 186

in KCMPS, 77, 93, 98, 110–111

and poverty, 168–171

state line, Missouri-Kansas, 7, 128–130, 165, 168, 173, 188

statistical analysis, 64, 67, 69, 185–192

and youth, 69–75, 189–191

Stevens, Manny, 89, 91, 100, 102, 116, 122

suburbs, 2–6, 18–19

and desegregation, 39–43

and enduring inequality, 158–163, 170–174, 177–182

inner-ring, 42, 162–163

Johnson County. See Johnson County, Kansas

and Kansas City, 6–11, 46, 55, 58–61, 64–75

and KCMPS, 76–78, 90, 98–99, 102–104

local authority in, 153–154

and localism, 11–14, 35–38

Missouri, 106–107, 110–111, 117–118, 124–132

and national urban development, 29–31

social impact of, 22–28, 32–35

suburban advantage, 3, 16, 29, 161–163, 170–179, 208n69

suburban sprawl, 16, 31, 45, 58

suburbanization. See suburbanization