Index
Africa, 12–16, 31–33, 49, 52, 54, 55–56, 61, 64, 67, 80, 92, 99, 100–101, 103, 105, 108–117, 124, 147–148, 154, 161, 164; area studies, 129–142; Boer War, 40; decolonization, 22, 132, 143, 145; mandates, 80–81; post–World War I issues, 76–79
Africa Institute, 112
African American: liberation, 9; nationalism, 95; views on Africa, 77, 81, 149. See also black
African American studies, 2, 13–16, 81
African National Congress (ANC), 111
African Service Bureau, 100
African studies, 56, 102, 134, 166
African Studies Association, 136–138
African Studies Center, 104, 134
Alpha Phi Alpha, 107
American Academy for the Advancement of Science, 47
American Anti-Imperialist League, 34
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 125
American Committee on Africa, 110–111, 114, 166
American Council of Learned Societies, 103, 104, 116, 163
American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 68, 103, 123
American Economic Association (AEA), 41, 44, 47
American Friends of African Culture, 148
American Friends Service Committee, 109, 113, 138–139
American Historical Association (AHA), 41, 163
American Historical Review, 94
American Information Committee on Race and Caste, 139
American Journal of Sociology, 43, 49
American Negro Academy, 30
American Political Science Association (APSA), 7, 13, 20, 25, 29, 35, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48, 57, 61, 73, 88, 94, 160, 169; post–World War II era, 129–142; racism and discipline, 167–181
American Political Science Review, 63, 75, 94, 131
American Psychological Association, 50
American Society for African Culture, 138–139, 148–150
American Sociological Association (ASA), 31, 66
American University, 162
America’s Kingdom (Vitalis), 3
Amherst College, 74
Anglo-American: alliance, 100; sphere, 106–120, 124–125, 156. See also Atlantic Charter; North Atlantic
Anglo-Saxon, 20, 26, 31, 48, 62, 63, 83, 100, 106. See also Caucasian
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 30, 64, 147
anti-communism, 131
Appiah, Joe, 113
Arbenz, Jacabo, 124
Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 60
Arnold-Foster, William, 162
Asia, 17, 44, 54, 58, 67, 86, 101, 105, 143, 147, 163
Asian American studies, 71
Asian Pacific, 30, 39, 44, 72, 73, 76, 83, 97, 163–164
Association for the Study of Negro Life, 102
Association of African Studies, 17
Atlanta University, 33
Atlantic Charter, 110–115, 122. See also Anglo-American; North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Atlantic Charter and Africa from an American Standpoint (American Committee), 110–111, 114
Atwater, Elton, 162
Azikwe, Nmandi, 92
Background, 130
Baldwin, Roger, 125
Bandung Conference (1955), 126–127, 164
Barnes, Carleton P., 66
Barnes, Harry Elmer, 18, 55, 60
Barnes Foundation, 56
Baruch, Bernard, 73
Barzun, Jacques, 104
Baxter, James Phinney, 117
Bell, Daniel, 146
Bemis, Samuel Flagg, 90
Berea College, 96
Berle, Adolph, 124
Berlin Conference (1885), 76
biology, critique of racial development theory, 51
Biondi, Martha, 15
black: internationalism, 2, 99–101; liberation, 14; nationalism, 95. See also African American
Black, Hugo, 66
Black Jacobins, The (James), 100, 103
Blackmer, Donald, 128
Black Reconstruction (DuBois), 93–94, 103
Blakeslee, George Hubbard, 17, 60, 72, 74, 156
Boas, Hans, 27, 102, 104; critique of racial development theory, 51–52
Bond, Horace Mann, 138, 148, 150
Bosnia: NATO intervention, 4
Boston University, 104, 135–136
Bound to Lead (Nye), 4
Bowman, Isaiah, 72
Brinton, Daniel, 47
Brodie, Bernard, 129
Brookings Institution, 44, 115
Brown, Philip Marshall, 78
Brown v. Board of Education, 22, 131, 157–159
Browne, Robert S., 125
Browne, Vincent, 161
Bryson, Lymon, 99
Buck, Pearl, 134
Buell, Raymond Leslie, 11, 17, 20–22, 55–57, 59–64, 74, 80–83, 88–92, 102, 107, 109, 156, 168; conferences on Africa, 76–79
Bukharin, Nikolai, 87
Bunche, Ralph, 12–14, 17, 21, 77, 82, 87, 92, 102–104, 110–117, 121, 131–132, 135, 150, 156, 159, 161, 162, 166, 168; communism, 94–95; critique of DuBois, 94–99, 101
Bundy, McGeorge, 166
Bureau of Ethnology, U.S., 46
Bureau of Insular Affairs, U.S., 117
Bureau of International Research, 162
Burgess, John William, 20, 48, 79; critique of empire, 35–40
Canal Zone, 109
Capitalism and Slavery (Williams), 103
Caribbean, 11–16, 38, 44, 65, 75, 83, 92, 94, 97, 100, 103, 105, 109, 114, 122, 124
Carnegie Corporation, 7, 16, 82, 90, 99, 106, 110, 134–136, 139
Caucasians, 11, 57, 124, 152; claims re superiority, 30–31, 35–36; fear of racial annihilation, 59–70. See also Anglo-Saxon
Center for International Studies, 122, 127–128, 143, 145, 147, 168
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 132, 138, 139, 143, 147
Center for International Race Relations, 166
Cesaire, Aime, 139
China, 10, 17, 43, 54, 75, 86, 144–147, 153–154; Communist party, 145; People’s Republic, 126; revolution, 145
Christianity and Power Politics (Niebuhr), 89
Churchill, Winston, 110
City College of New York, 101, 160
City University of New York, 139
civil rights movement, 2, 22, 66, 123, 131, 139, 151, 158–159, 175
Civil War, U.S., 36, 64–65, 93
Clark, Grover, 87
Clark, Kenneth, 150
Clark University, 17, 45, 50–51, 66, 105
Clash of Civilizations (Huntington), 4
Cleveland, Grover, presidential administration, 36–37
Cold War, 2–6, 13, 14, 19, 21, 22, 71, 86, 123, 129, 131, 137, 152, 153, 156–158
College in West Bengal, 163
colonies, 108, 116, 117, 154–157 (see also imperialism); British, 36, 42, 50, 76, 78, 97, 108, 112–113, 136, 155; Dutch, 108, 114, 126; French, 49, 78, 99, 107, 108, 155; German, 76
Colonial Administration (Reinsch), 43
Colonial Government (Reinsch), 43
Color Curtain, The (Wright), 127
Columbia University, 2, 7, 8, 17, 33, 34, 41, 56, 61, 71–72, 74, 120, 133, 151, 168
Commentary, 144
communism, 123–124, 145–148, 155. See also Marxism
Communist International, 91, 94. See also Marxism
Coolidge, Archibald Cary, 4, 18, 60, 62
Committee on American Policy in International Relations, 61
Committee on National Security Policy Research, 119
Comte, Auguste, 21
Conference on Problems of the Pacific Peoples (1925), 72
Conquest (Carter), 79
Constitution, U.S., 39
Council for Foreign Relations, 9, 18, 21, 60–61, 84, 85–86, 92, 100, 110
Council on African Affairs, 102, 114, 138
Culbertson, William S., 74
Current History, 93
Daily Show, 3
Darwinism, 26; race development theory, 46–54; social, 8
Davis, John Aubrey, 139
Dawes Plan, 73
Dean, Vera Micheles, 89
decolonization, 120, 121–128, 133, 154–157, 170–173; U.S. identity, 173–174. See also colonies, imperialism
DeGaulle, Charltes, 133
De Kiewiet, Cornelius W., 136
Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 47
Deutsch, Karl, 167
development, 25–54; economic, 22, 54; racial, 8–19, 38, 46–54
Dewey, Admiral George, 39
Diagne, Blaise, 80
Diop, Alioune, 139
Diplomacy in the Pacific (Tate), 166
Diplomacy of Imperialism (Coolidge), 18
Diplomatic History of the United States (Bemis), 90
Disarmament Illusion, The (Tate), 161, 162
District of Columbia, 2, 4, 10
Dorsey, Sam, 162
Doty, Roxanne Lynn, 167
Douglas, Ann, 9
Dowd, Jerome, 66
Drake, St. Clair, 123, 148–150
DuBois, W. E. B., 10–21, 26–27, 53, 56, 58, 64–66, 86, 91, 94–101, 113, 115, 130, 138–139, 149, 151, 159, 168; critique of racial development theory, 51–52; debates with Stoddard, 69–70; Marxism, 93–95; meeting of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 30–33
Dumbarton Oaks, 113. See also United Nations
Dunn, Frederick Sherwood, 92, 118–119
Durkee, J. Stanley, 80
Dyson, Michael Eric, 19
Earle, Edward Mead, 20, 74, 80, 83, 89, 90, 92, 106, 109, 117–118, 134, 153
Economic Imperialism and International Relations (Viallate), 74
Edmonson, Locksley, 167
Egypt, 56
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 133; administration, 126, 131, 137, 145
Embree, Edwin, 116
Emerson, Rupert, 117
empire: colonial model, 18, 38; critiques, 35–40, 40–41; imperial administration, 43–44; international relations, 25–26; scholarship and, 3; social science, 29–45; Spanish-American War, 20, 33–39; U.S. and, 7, 29–45
Empire and Commerce in Africa (Woolf), 169–170
Essay on the Government of Dependencies (Lewis), 25
Etzioni, Amitai, 151
Europe, 37, 54, 58, 73, 83–84; civilization, 31, 38, 43, 49, 51
Europe and Our Money (Stoddard), 83
Far Eastern Policy of the United States, The (Griswold), 90
Faubus, Orval, 127
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 146–147, 159
feminism, 59
First World Congress of Negro Writers and Artists (1956), 139
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 62
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 149
Ford Foundation, 15, 16, 134–139, 147, 150, 166
Foreign Affairs, 3, 4, 18, 19, 60–61, 63, 66, 67, 72, 76, 86, 87, 124, 127, 168
Foreign Policy Association, 9, 11, 13, 61, 79, 80–82, 84, 85–86, 90, 92
Foreign Policy Research Institute, 144, 153, 155
foreign relations, U.S., 30, 36, 122–123, 148; Africa, 102, 137; African American scholars, 107–116, 137; Anglo-American alliance, 89; China, 148; Cold War, 121–128; domestic race relations, 26; Great Depression, 82–84; isolationism, 88–90; Korea, 148; military capacity, 84; post–World War I, 75–79
Foreign Service, U.S., 149
Forum, The, 68
Fox, Mel, 150
Fox, William T. R., 21, 118–119, 133
Foy, Fadela, 163
Frazier, E. Franklin, 12, 14, 92, 95, 100, 104, 105, 136–138, 150, 159–160, 166
Garfield, Harry, 73
Gates, Henry Louis, 19
Gay, Edwin, 60
Georgetown, 153
Geography of Intellect, The (Weyl), 144, 152, 155
Gerig, Benjamin, 113
Germany: imperial expansion, 87, 89; occupation, 129; racism, 97; rearmament, 85
Ghana, 149
Giddings, Franklin, 33, 46, 48
globalism, 90. See also foreign policy, U.S.
Gokale, Krishna, 53
Gold and Poverty in South Africa (Yergan), 101
Good Neighbor Policy, 45, 79, 87
Gramsci, Antonio, 12
grand strategy, 89
Graves, Mortimer, 104
Great Britain, 36–37, 44, 111–120, 163
Great Gatsby, The (Fitzgerald), 62
Grotious, Hugo, 21
Grove, John, 167
Guggenheim Foundation, 147
Guyer, Jane, 16
Hackett, Charles W., 75
Hall, Robert, 134
Hansberry, Lorraine, 16
Hansberry, William Leo, 138, 151
Hanum, Halide Edib, 75
Harding, President William G., 63
Harlem, 1–2, 56, 101, 122; model, 9–10, 67–68
Harris, Norman Wait, 74
Harris Institute, 74
Harrison, Hubert, 100
Hart, Albert Bushnell, 40
Harvard Bureau of International Research, 57–58, 71
Harvard Educational Review, 153
Harvard University, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 39, 40, 42, 50, 55, 60, 77, 117, 128, 135, 162, 164, 168
Hawaii, 17, 20, 30, 36, 39, 163
Hawaii (Tate), 164
Hedgeman, Anna, 150
Henry, Charles, 97
Herbert, Harry, 30
Herskovits, Melville, 16, 56, 99, 101, 104, 114–115, 134–136
higher education: African Americans, 10–11; impact on foreign relations, 85–86; intellectual middlemen, 4–5; policy institutes, 71–75; race and, 8–11, 13–19; U.S. foreign policy and, 3–8. See also African American studies
Hiss, Alger, 17
Hobson, John Atkinson, 18, 26, 50, 87; critique of empire, 40–41
Hoffman, Stanley, 128
Hooten, Ernest, 58
Hoover, Herbert, 78
Hoover Institution, 128, 144, 147, 153
Hoover Library, 128
Horton, Philip, 149
Howard School, 11–14, 19, 21, 22, 75, 92, 94, 107, 109, 111, 157; fate, 158–168, origins, 80–82
Howard University, 2, 9, 10, 53, 55, 56, 80–82, 87, 95, 100, 103–104, 112, 116, 127, 134, 141; African Studies Program, 135–138; doctoral programs, 160; Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, 161, 166
Howard University (Logan), 159
How Britain Rules Africa (Padmore), 99
Hudson, G. F., 104
Huntington, Ellsworth, 47
Hunton, Alphaeus, 138
Hurley, Patrick, 146
Hutchinson Center for African and African American Research, 18
Idea of Colonialism (Foreign Policy Research Institute), 155
Immigration Restriction Act (1924), 58
Imperial Institute, 53
imperialism, 59, 86, 100, 125, 163–164, 168; anti-imperialism, 153; economic, 75–79; internationalism, 71–84; new, 8, 36; new theorizing, 57; oil, 60; race issues, 11–16, 97–99; science, 58; U.S., 94, 157, 168; World War I, 81. See also empire
Imperialism (Hobson), 18, 40, 50, 87
Imperialism and World Politics (Moon), 168
In and Out of the Ivory Tower (Langer), 19
India, 10, 54, 97, 115, 126, 144, 147, 154, 164, 165
Indians. See Native Americans
Indian Territory, U.S., 26, 39–40
Institute of Advanced Study, 90, 106, 107, 119
Institute of African American Relations, 138–139
Institute of Inter-American Relations, 75, 90, 130
Institute of International Relations, 74
Institute of International Studies, 85, 118
Institute of Pacific Relations, 17, 21, 71–74, 82, 85–87, 92, 107–108, 114–117, 141
Institute of Politics at Williamstown, 21, 71, 73–75, 78–79
Institute of War and Peace Studies, 151
intellectuals. See under higher education
International Affairs, 144
International African Friends of Ethiopia, 100
International African Institute, 136
International Committee on African Affairs, 102
International Economic Policies (Culbertson), 74
International Organization, 3
International Politics (Schuman), 88, 89
international relations: African American enrollment, 167; area studies, 133–137; Cold War, 129–142; Great Depression, 82–84; hierarchy, 98–99; imperialism done as analytic concept, 87; key institutions, 71–84, 85–92; overview of genealogy, 5–11; realism, 5, 10, 22, 47, 83, 88–91(see also power politics, Realpolitik); scholarship and, 3; U.S. foreign policy and, 3–4
International Relations (Bryce), 74
International Relations (Buell), 11, 55, 57, 88, 156
International Relations (Possony and Strausz-Hupé), 153
International Security, 3
International Studies Association, 130
International Studies Conference, 85
Iraq, U.S. invasion of, 4, 168
Issacs, Harold, 20–22, 121–122, 127–128, 159, 167, 168; communism, 145–148; The New World of Negro Americans, 143–157
Jabavu, Tengo, 53
Japan, 44, 54, 61–62, 67, 75, 86; immigrants, 61; imperialism, 55
Japanese Americans, 60
Jaszi, Oscar, 104
Jenks, J. W., 42,
Jenks, Leland, 74
Jim Crow, 10, 11, 32, 42, 46, 127, 144; see also race relations, U.S.
Johns Hopkins University, 8, 30, 42, 43, 50, 82
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, administration, 153
Johnson, Mordecai, 77, 81, 159
Journal of International Relations, 45, 57, 169. See also Journal of Race Development
Journal of Negro Education, 111, 163, 164
Journal of Negro History, 115
Journal of Psychology, 50
Journal of Race Development, 17, 19, 45, 47, 50, 60, 67, 72, 152; rebranding, 71. See also Journal of International Relations
Journal of the Royal African Society, 32
Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 66
Julius Rosenwald Fund, 103. See also Rosenwald, Julius
Keith, Arthur, 84
Kennedy, John F., administration, 148, 153, 160
Kenyatta, Jomo, 92
Kidd, Benjamin, 21
Kilson, Martin, 150
Kirkpatrick, Evron, 132
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 132
Kissinger, Henry, 4
Knorr, Klaus, 168
Korean War, 123
Kuklick, Bruce, 4
labor, 94–99. See also Marxism
Labor Temple School, 69
Lake, Marilyn, 66
Langer, William E., 17–19, 60, 66
Latin America, 8, 30, 37, 43, 73, 75, 83, 87, 94, 104, 107, 117
Lauren, Paul Gordon, 120
League of Free Nations Association, 61
League of Nations, 12, 13, 56, 61, 67, 73, 75, 78–79, 86, 88–89, 96, 100, 111
Legitime, François, 53
Lehman, Orin, 139
Lewis, David Levering, 69
Lewis, George Cornwall, 25
Lewis, Harold, 161
Lincoln, C. Eric, 123
Lindblom, Charles, 169
Locke, Alain, 9–14, 17, 20–22, 53, 55–58, 67–69, 91, 92, 95–96, 99, 102–104, 132, 122–123, 141, 159, 161, 166; founding of Howard School, 80–82; lectures on race development, 13
Lockwood, William, 107–109, 117, 134
Logan, Rayford, 12, 14, 20, 22, 75, 82, 92, 100, 109, 111–114, 117, 134, 136–139, 141–142, 149, 158–160, 165, 166; mandate system, 171–172
London School of Economics, 77, 99
Lonely America (Stoddard), 83–84
Long, David, 26
Lowell, Albert Lawrence, 39–40, 42
Lugard, Lord, 95
Lumumba, Patrice, 149
Lynd, Staughton, 144
MacArthur, Douglas, 124
mandate system. See League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles
Malinowski, Bronislaw, 99
Mankind Quarterly, 144, 151, 152
Mann, Alfred, 35
Marx, Karl, 14
Marxism, 21, 95–99; DuBois, 93–94
Massachusetts Institute for Technology, 21–22, 47, 120, 121, 128, 143–148, 151
McAfee, Cleveland Boyd, 32
McCarthyism, 22, 71, 141, 147–148, 157, 159
McClelland, Charles, 130
McCloskey, Walter, 139
McKay, Claude, 67
McKay, Vernon, 135
McKenzie, Roderick D., 77
McKinley, William, administration, 35, 38, 41, 74
Mead, Margaret, 104
Merriam, Charles, 59
Miller, Eban, 131
Millikan, Max, 89
Mind of Primitive Man, The (Boas), 51
minorities, 95, 113; enrollment in college, 13; problem, 91; rights, 96–105; theory, 94
Modern Age, 153
modernism, 9
modernization, 22. See also under development
Mont-Tremblant Conference, 17, 115
Moon, Parker, 168
Morgenthau, Hans, 83, 129, 161, 162
Morrison, Toni, 12–13, 16, 120
Morrow, Edward, 147
Moses, Bernard, 43
Mother Jones, 138
Mumford, W. Bryant, 111
Munger, Edwin, 139
Munich Pact, 102
Murapa, Rukudzo, 137
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 128
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 93–95, 101, 110, 113, 134, 159
National Defense Education Act (1958), 137
National Negro Congress, 95, 101
National Origins Act (1924), 61
National Research Council, 72
National Review, 144, 151, 153
nationalism: racial development theory, 53–54
Native Americans, 39; ethnology, 46
Native Problem in Africa, The (Buell), 56
Nazi Dictatorship (Schulman), 88
Near East. See Middle East
Negro and the Caribbean, The (Williams), 103
Negro Digest, 116
Negro in American Life (Dowd), 66
Negro problem, 26, 38, 56, 62, 64, 90
New Left, 157
New Negro, The (Locke), 56, 67–68, 80
New Republic, The, 55, 63, 89, 130
Newsweek, 146
New World Foundation, 130
New World of Islam, The (Stoddard), 63
New World of Negro Americans, The (Isaacs), 22, 143–157
New York Times, 3, 73, 75, 77, 79, 121, 124, 138
New York Times Magazine, 127
Nexon, Daniel, 168
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 22, 83, 89–90, 142
Nkrumah, Kwame, 92, 112–114, 121, 149
No Peace in Asia (Isaacs), 146
North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, 30
Northwestern University, 16, 101, 104, 135, 163
nuclear weapons, 163
Office of Naval Intelligence, U.S., 153
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 17, 116–117, 132
Opium Conference (1925), 61
Organization of American States, 74, 122
Oriental Exclusion (Institute of Pacific Relations), 72, 77
Origin of Species (Darwin), 46
Pacific. See Asian Pacific
Pacific Historical Review, 163
Padmore, George, 16, 92, 99, 100–102, 110, 113–114, 149, 168
Page, Walter Hines, 41
pan-African Congress, 32, 76, 91, 113
pan-Africanism, 12, 14, 99, 113, 122
Pan-Africanism or Communism (Padmore), 16
Paris Peace Conference (1919, 1921), 52, 100
Passing of the Great Race (Grant), 62
PBS Newshour, 3
Pentagon, 153
Philippines, 20, 26, 30, 34, 38–43, 87
Piérard, Louis, 77
Pifer, Alan, 138
Pittsburgh Courier, 103, 124, 150, 158
Place in the Sun, A (Clark), 87
Plessy v. Ferguson, 123
Political Realism and Political Idealism (Herz), 160
Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law (Burgess), 35
Political Science Quarterly, 33, 35, 38, 40, 163
Poole, Ithiel de Sola, 147
Possony, Stefan, 144, 152–156, 158
power politics, 91. See also realism
Powers, Harry Huntington, 30
Présence Africane, 139
Princeton University, 7, 11, 55, 60, 78, 82–83, 90, 92, 107, 110, 118, 119, 129, 153
Principals of Sociology (Giddings), 34
Puerto Rico, 30, 39, 44, 74, 82, 103
Pye, Lucian, 145
Quezon, Manuel, 53
race: immigration policy, 59–62; problem in IR, 59, 133; relations, U.S., 29–33, 38, 52, 60, 63–70; war, 125
Race and Peoples (Brinton), 47
Race Contacts and International Relations (Locke), 58
Race Relations in International Affairs (Browne), 125
race theory: bi-racialism, 64–65; climate, 47–48; Cold War, 152–153; founding of international relations, 1–23, 55–58; inheritable traits, 48–49; racial mixing, 48
racial anthropology, 8
Radcliffe College, 161–162, 165, 166
Raisin in the Sun, A (Hansberry), 16
Ralph Bunche (Greaves), 13
Ramparts, 138
Rampersand, Ronald, 13
Reader’s Digest, The, 110
realism, 5, 10, 22, 47, 83, 88–91, 133, 156. See also power politics; Realpolitik
realpolitik, 88
Reed, Adolph Jr., 141
Re-Forging America (Stoddard), 64, 66
Reinsch, Paul, 43–44; racial evolution theory, 46–54
Reminiscences (Burgess), 35
Resident Orientals on the American Pacific Coast (Institute of Pacific Relations), 72
Revolt against Civilization (Stoddard), 63
Reynolds, Henry, 66
Rice, Condoleezza, 4
Riis, William, 110
Ripley, William Z., 47
Rising Tide of Color (Stoddard), 4, 62–64
Robinson, Pearl, 17
Robeson, Eslanda (Essie), 92, 101
Robeson, Paul, 92, 101, 102, 138
Rochester University, 136
Rockefeller, John D., 73
Rockefeller Foundation, 7, 18, 71, 85–87, 90, 107, 117, 120, 160, 163; General Education Board, 74
Rockefeller, Nelson, 126
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 79, 90, 110, 146; administration, 79, 103, 124
Roosevelt, Theodore, 37–38, 41, 64; administration, 41, 42
Roosevelt University, 123, 148
Rosenwald, Julius, 116
Root, Elihu, 64
Round Table, 125
Royal Institute of International Affairs, 85–86, 100, 163
Rusk, Dean, 134
Russell Sage Foundation, 101
San Francisco State University, 130
Saturday Evening Post, The, 63
Sayre, Francis, 124
Schelling, Thomas, 125
School of International Affairs, 92, 118
School of Public and International Affairs, 82
Schuman, Frederick L., 11, 87–88, 90, 141, 161, 164, 168
Scratches on Our Mind (Isaacs), 144
Selassie, Emperor Hallie, 56
Seligman, E. R. A., 42
Shaw, Albert, 42
Simmel, Georg, 83
Sino-Japanese War, 87
Smith, Rogers, 69
Smithsonian Institution, 116
Social Science Research Council, 16, 21, 71–72, 80, 82, 89, 99, 104, 107–108, 116–119, 134
social sciences, 19–20, 43, 66–67; evolutionism, 46–54; rise of international relations, 8–11, 48–50
Société Africane de Culture, 139
Soft Power (Nye), 4
Souls of Black Folks (DuBois), 16, 33, 52, 64
South Africa, 11, 49, 53, 56, 57, 59, 64, 66, 67, 101, 108–109, 111, 117, 123, 124, 155, 167; Communist party, 145; exchange program with U.S., 138–139
South America, 38
Southeast Asia, 124, 134, 146, 152, 163
Soviet Union, 101, 111, 124, 153, 155
Sprout, Harold, 129
Spykman, Nicholas, 83, 89, 90, 130
Stalin, Joseph, 91
Stanford University, 72, 128, 153
State Department, U.S., 3, 4, 17, 78, 116, 146–147
Stern, Bernhard, 104
Stoddard, T. Lothrop, 4, 10, 69, 83–84, 95; racial theory, 62–66
Stokes, Anson Phelps, 110, 114
Sudan, 56
Sulzberger, C. L., 124
Sumner, William Graham, 21, 34
Superpower, The (Fox), 118
Supreme Court, U.S., 39–40, 131, 157; Insular Cases, 40
Survey, The, 80
Taft, President Howard, 63
Tate, Merze, 12–19, 112, 127, 159–165, 168
Terrible Honesty (Douglas), 9
Teutonic. See Caucasian
Third World, 127, 148, 156–157
Toynbee, Arnold, 104
Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution (Isaacs), 145, 147
Treaty of Paris (1898), 39
Tropical Colonization (Ireland), 29
Truman, Harry S., administration, 123, 148
Turner, Fredrick Jackson, 36
Turner, James, 137
Twentieth Century Foundation, 124
Twenty Years Crisis, The (Carr), 83
United Nations, 17, 96, 98, 107, 112–113, 117, 120, 121, 124, 132, 134–135, 154–155
United States and Armaments, The (Tate), 161, 162
United States and the Hawaiian Kingdoms, The (Tate), 163
Universal Exposition, St. Louis (1904), 42
Universal Negro Improvement Society, 91
Universal Races Conference, First (1911), 52, 56
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 141
University of California, 43, 136
University of Chicago, 8, 11, 29, 74, 90, 96, 129
University of Denver, 166
University of Kansas, 162
University of London, 111
University of Minnesota, 132
University of Oklahoma, 66
University of Pennsylvania, 8, 33, 47, 52, 74, 112, 134, 153
University of Puerto Rico, 75
University of Southern California, 133
University of Texas, 75
University of Virginia, 73
University of Wales, 83
University of Wisconsin, 8, 43, 77, 164
U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit (2014), 170
Versailles Treaty, 51, 54, 67, 96. See also World War I
Viallate, Achille, 74
Vietnam, 141, 145, 148, 153, 160, 174
Von Eschen, Penny, 158
Wall Street Journal, 78
Walter Hines Page School of International Affairs, 82
Warhuis, Abbe Livingston, 80
War and Diplomacy in the French Republic (Schuman), 88
Ware, Caroline, 161
Warning to the West (Shridharani), 164
Washington, D.C. See District of Columbia
Washington Evening Star, 163
Washington Post, 138
Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, 18
Wellesley College, 74
West, Cornell, 19
Western Michigan University, 166
Wheeler-Bennett, John, 109
When Peoples Meet (Locke and Stern), 104
White, Walter, 134
White Man’s Duty (Padmore), 114
Whitton, John, 82
Wilbur, Ray Lyman, 72
Williams, Bruce, 73
Williams, Eric, 12, 92, 101, 103, 111, 159, 161–162
Williams, Lorraine A., 165–166
Williams, William Appleman, 164
Williams College, 73, 91, 117. See also Institute of Politics at Williams
Willkie, Wendall, 90
Willoughby, Westel, 43
Willoughby, William Franklin, 43–44
Wilson, Woodrow, 4, 11, 55, 72, 75
Wolfers, Arnold, 89, 95, 119, 130
Woodrow Wilson School, 82
Woodson, Carter, 115
World Affairs Council of America, 61
world order, 9, 11, 26, 47, 57, 86. See also imperialism
World Politics, 119
World Politics (Reinsch), 43
World’s Columbia Exposition, Chicago (1893), 36
World’s Work, 41
World View of Race (Bunche), 13, 87, 97–98, 132
World War I, 8, 52, 67, 72, 73, 91, 129. See also Versailles Treaty
World War II, 11, 17, 79, 88, 123, 162; end, 120, 128; onset, 82–87, 102–105, 107; U.S. military preparedness, 106–110
Wright, Quincy, 74, 108, 129–131
Wright, Richard, 127, 139, 150, 164
Wright, Thomas, 168
X, Malcolm, 21