Index

“accomplishment of natural growth,” 91–94
action-seeking. See “working class culture.”
AFL-CIO, 184
African-American freedom struggle, 136
Allegretto, Sylvia, 219n29
Amazon warehouses, 142
American Psychiatric Association, 36
American Revolution, 39
Arnold, Andrew, 159
Artis, Jennifer, 172–75
Attfield, Sarah, 204n8
“authenticity dramas,” 47–48

Bakewell, Sarah, 47, 202n13
Balay, Anne, 156–57
Baldwin, James, 47
Bardacke, Frank, 140
Barrett, James, 120–21
Beard, Mary, 196n8, 211n16
Beats, the, 169
being vs. doing, 103–10
belonging vs. becoming, 77–78, 103t, 110–16
Berry, Chuck, 47
Bethlehem Steel, 23, 140
Bettie, Julie, 85, 193n9, 195n19, 208n21
binaries, uses of, 126–27
Bledstein, Burton, 201n6
Bluestone, Barry, 199n26
Bodnar, John, 175
Bohm, Svetlana, 196n4
Bosnia, 122
Boucher, Jean, 127
Bourdieu, Pierre, 19, 130, 210n34
Brexit, 123
Bright, Geoff, 22
Brinkman, Svend, 115
Buddhism, 169–170
Burawoy, Michael, 142, 215n17
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 11
Burgess, Anthony, 172–73
Bush, George W., 178
“busting balls,” 129–30

Calarco, Jessica, 107,137–38, 195n19, 215n7
Camus, Albert, 47, 49
career culture vs. job culture, 86
careers vs. callings, 83
careers vs. jobs, 84–88, 102–03
Case, Anne, 145, 166, 216n30, 220n44
ceding control to gain control, 106–07
Cherlin, Andrew, 107, 160, 222n8
Chetty, Raj, 179–80
Chicago, 15–16, 21, 117, 121, 141, 171, 173, 182
civil rights movement, 28, 34, 136–37
class cultures, 50, 80, 103t, 189
Anywheres and Somewheres, 124
becoming vs. belonging, 77–78, 110–16
being vs. doing, 103–10
careers vs. jobs, 83–88
cosmopolitan vs. parochial, 121–26
and delaying gratification, 150–55
differences in, 103t
future-oriented vs. present-oriented, 168–70
independence vs. interdependence, 112–14
individualism vs. solidarity, 113–14
mono-class vs. class hybrids, 127
and race, 12, 194–95n19
status vs. anti-status, 116–20, 141–47
class crossovers, 63, 78–79, 88–96, 102, 117, 130
class culture clash, 79, 96, 128, 189
class culture sharing, 71, 98–99, 189
during Glorious Thirty, 62–63
class identity vs. class position, 89–90
class sensibilities, 96
class straddlers, 88–96
class struggle, 74
class vernacular, American, 13
code-switching, 63, 78
collective action, 147
golden age of, 34, 41
and women, 167–68
“concerted cultivation,” 91—94
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 37, 185
Cooper, Marianne, 116, 168–69, 212n33
consumer debt, 31
consumerism, 53–54
consumer sovereignty, 64
Cowie, Jefferson, 67, 70
Cronkite, Walter, 49
culture, definition of, 8–10, 100–03
cultural capital, 24, 53, 90, 111, 113
cultural repertoires, 94–95
cultural rules, 100–02
“culture of poverty,” 187–88, 219n35
Currid-Halkett, Elizabeth, 216n26

Daniels, Jim, 98
Davis, Miles, 47
“deaths of despair,” 145, 166–67
Deaton, Angus, 145, 166–67, 216n30, 220n44
Debs, Eugene, 65
Delgado, Laura, 116
deficit culture, definition of, 79
democratic socialism, 64
Democrats, 52
delayed gratification, 150–55
DeMott, Benjamin, 81, 207n10
Deresiewicz, William, 169–70
discretionary income, 19, 29, 64, 67, 146–48
difference from disposable income, 31–32
and freedom, 68
discretionary time and money, 51
disposable income
difference from discretionary income, 31–32
dominated culture, definition of, 79
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 47
Double V campaign, 37
downward mobility, involuntary and voluntary, 96
doxa, 210n34
Draut, Tamara, 200n47
Duckworth, Angela, 157
Dylan, Bob, 49

economic growth, US history of, 28–29
Economic Policy Institute, 30, 161, 219n28
Edin, Kathryn, 160, 220n40
Eisenhower, Dwight, 25, 70, 151
Engels, Friedrich, 53
English Revolution, 39
Epicurean, 169–70
Eribon, Didier, 209n31

Faderman, Lillian, 199n27
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 32
family economic self-sufficiency, 161
family income, US history of, 30
Father Knows Best, 49
fear of falling, 180–81
feeling rules, 96, 100–01
Fischer, Claude, 81–82, 208n15
Fourastie, Jean, 27, 30
Franklin, Benjamin, 5, 13, 43, 71
Freedom Summer, 136
Freeman, Joshua, 71, 156, 206n12, 219n33
free time for what you will, 19, 29, 67, 87, 94, 146–47
free wage labor, 10, 28, 42, 48, 49, 51, 54, 63–64, 72—75, 88, 156, 171, 180
French Revolution, 5, 35, 39
Friedan, Betty, 49
Friedman, Benjamin, 39, 67, 188
Fukushima, 158

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 46, 49, 201n4
Gans, Herbert, 58, 162, 203n6
Garagiola, Joe, 177
gay liberation movement, 34
General Social Survey, 13
Ginsberg, Alan, 47
Glorious Thirty, definition of, 27–28
Glosser Brothers Department Store, 17
golden-age thinking, 24–26
Goodhart, David, 124, 213n52
Gordon, Robert, 33, 198n11
Gorman, Thomas, 214n3, 219n29
Great Depression, 32, 110, 184
Great Recession, 38
Greene, David, 89
Guendelsberger, Emily, 142

Habits of the Heart, 9, 77, 80–83, 97
Hacker, Jacob, 25, 31
Haidt, Jonathan, 121
Hanley, Lynsey, 113
Hamper, Ben, 140, 142
hard-living. See “working class.”
hardship thresholds, 161
Harrison, Bennett, 199n26
Heartland, 165
Hegel, Georg, 6
Hillbilly Elegy, 165
Hoggart, Richard, 53
Horace, 169
Howell, Joseph, 218n26
Huntington, Samuel, 39, 200n45
Hyman, Louis, 31

Idle, Eric, 126
Ignatieff, Michael, 122, 158, 213n46
imposter syndrome, 78
Isbell, Jason, 50

Jacobins, 5
Jencks, Christopher, 204n14
Jensen, Barbara, 77–78, 80, 102, 110, 114–15, 126, 146, 170, 193n9, 211n15
Johnstown, PA, 2, 15, 17, 23, 66, 133
Judt, Tony, 25, 71

Kefalas, Maria, 220n40
Kelley, Robin D.G., 214n3
Kennedy, John F., 25
Kennedy, Randall, 37–38
Khurana, Rakesh, 202n7, 208n15
Kimbley, George, 136
Kiner, Ralph, 177
King, Colby, 194n17
King, Martin Luther Jr., 34
Krugman, Paul, 25
Ku Klux Klan, 36
Kuttner, Robert, 25–26
Kynaston, David, 52

labor market rules, 138
labor movement, 36
Labor Research Review, 16
“lads,” 7–8, 108, 193n9
Lamont, Michele, 144, 152, 194n19, 204n13, 208n21
Lareau, Annette, 99, 176, 195n19
and “accomplishment of natural growth,” 91–94
and “concerted cultivation,” 91–94
Lennon, John, 174
Leondar-Wright, Betsy, 95–96, 210n35, 219n32, 221n56
Levin, Yuval, 195n1
Levinson, Marc, 67, 205n1
Levy, Frank, 29
liberatory movements
African-American freedom struggle, 34–39, 136
civil rights movement, 28, 34, 36–38, 43, 136–37
gay liberation, 34
labor movement, 36
relation to economic prosperity, 39–40
women’s liberation, 34
life expectancy, 33
life as highway or river, 154–55
lifestyle, 9
Light, Alison, 105, 120, 178, 189, 219n33
Lind, Michael, 203n17
Linkon, Sherry, 210n35
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 150–52, 160, 217n1, 221n53
living-wage levels, 161
living-wage movement, 25–26
“long revolution,” 5
Lubrano, Alfred, 88–89
Luce, Henry, 71

MacLean, Nancy, 200n47, 221n57
MacLeod, Jay, 111, 208n19
Mailer, Norman, 47, 49
management as a profession, 46
managerial capitalism, 46, 202n7
managerial workers, 11, 45t
managerial and professional workers, 29, 44–46, 45t
Markovits, Daniel, 195n25
Marmot, Michael, 142–46, 216nn22
Marx, Karl, 10, 53, 73–75, 147
McIvor, Arthur, 59, 158
mediocrity, 3–8, 13, 28, 43, 71–72, 177–78
Metzgar, Judd, 92–94
Metzgar, Judith, 17–18, 66, 168–69
Mexican Revolution, 39
Meyer, Stephen, 54
middle-class imperialism, 81, 119
Midwest Center for Labor Research, 16, 182
Mikula, Albert, 21–23
Mischel, Walter, 152–53
Moore, Amzie, 136–37

National Election Survey, 13–14
National Industrial Recovery Act, 186
National Labor Relations Act, 186
Needleman, Ruth, 136
New York University, 61
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 40, 169–70
No Child Left Behind, 62
Northwestern University, 15, 17, 172
nostalgia, 22–25, 33–34, 64, 66–67
and golden-age thinking, 24–26
restorative, 70

Oak Park, IL, 15
Obama, Barack, 178
Offer, Avner, 49, 203n16
Ohio University, 17
O’Nan, Stewart, 194n15
ordinary virtues, 122–23
Osterman, Paul, 97–98

Patterson, James, 28, 36, 199n29
Payne, Charles, 136
Pearce, Diana, 218n28
Pearlstein, Steven, 26
Perkins, Frances, 186
Persky, Joe, 21–22
Petigny, Alan, 202n13
Pickett, Kate, 119, 142–45
Piercy, Marge, 193n9
Pierson, Paul, 25, 31
Piff, Paul, 109, 209n23
Piketty, Thomas, 5, 25, 69, 206n11, 223n3
Pipes, Richard, 122
Pittsburgh Pirates, 177
Playboy, 49
Pizzigati, Sam, 25, 69, 71
“preexisting relationships,” 115
professional middle class
business and communications/education wings, 46–50, 126
business wing, 46, 48, 53–54,
careers vs. callings, 83
communications/education wing, 47–49, 53–54, 72, 80–81
definition of, 10–14, 42–44, 73–76
elite and standard-issue parts, 126
rise of, 44–46
standard-issue part, 6, 15, 20, 22, 80, 98, 130, 188
working-class perception of, 86
professional middle-class culture, 4, 103
aspiration, 19
becoming, 17, 110–16
doing as achievement or accomplishment, 45, 103–10
doing and becoming, 45, 102–03
as dominant mainstream culture, 81–83
meritocratic, 42
narrowing of, 19, 22, 51, 87
proactive, 93, 105, 109, 171, 185
and social evaluative threat, 116–20
and status, 116–20
strategies of influence, 107, 137–38
vs. working-class culture, 103t
unintended homogeneity, 4, 125
poverty, US history of, 29–30
power, formal and informal, 135, 139–42
productivity growth, 56, 69
sharing of, 68–70
professional workers, 11, 44–45
Progressive Era, 25
progressive taxes, 68–70
proletarian wager, 95
Protestant Reformation, 39
Pugh, Allison, 165
Putnam, Robert, 114–16
Pynchon, Thomas, 170

Ramapo College, 89
Reagan Revolution, 6, 44
real hourly compensation, 68
real wages, US history of, 29
Reeves, Richard, 214n7
Reich, Robert, 25
residual culture, 80, 161, 207n6
retirement as new stage of life, 33
Riesman, David, 204n14
“ritual mockery,” 129–30
Roosevelt, Franklin, 184
Roosevelt University, 15–17, 172
routine-seeking. See “working-class culture.”
Royko, Mike, 121
Rubin, Lillian Breslow, 203n6, 218n26
Russian Revolution, 39
Russians, 122

Saez, Emmanuel, 206n11
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 47
Second New Deal, 5
Second Reconstruction, 37–38
settled-living. See “working-class.”
Shennum, Jill, 140, 142,
Silva, Jennifer, 158, 208n15
Smarsh, Sarah, 112
social capital, 24, 87, 90, 111, 113
bonding vs. bridging, 114
social classes, 73–76
definition of, 10–14
social democracy, 25, 31, 71
social evaluative threat, 116–20, 189. See “status, and anxiety.”
“soldiering, industrial,” 139–42
Soria, Krista, 108
Sousa, Xavier de, 115
Starr, Paul, 202n6
status, 6, 116–20, 141–47
and anxiety, 143–45, 189
Stearns, Peter, 81
steel strike, 1959, 150–51
Steelworkers Organizing Committee (SWOC), 136
Stephens, Nicole, 112–14
Stonewall Riots, 34
Strangleman, Tim, 98, 130, 196n2
Streib, Jessi, 96, 100–01, 153, 160
strikes, labor, 35, 181, 184–86
survivor guilt, 6, 78
Swan, William, 105
Swift, Adam, 201n49

Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, 36
taking it, 148–49, 151, 153–59, 173–74
aguantar in Spanish, 158–159
as delayed gratification, 157–58
difference in hard-living and settled-living, 164–65
difference in men and women, 165–68
ganbaru in Japanese, 158
taxes, progressive, 70
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 139
Theriault, Reg, 140
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 5, 9, 35–37, 47, 184
Tolstoy, Leo, 47
Torlina, Jeff, 120
Townsend, Sarah, 112–14
Trump, Donald, 123

Unequal Childhoods, 91–94
United Parcel Service (UPS), 85, 142
United Steelworkers (USWA), 21, 136, 150
upward mobility
difference between absolute and relative, 40–41, 44, 178–181
U.S. Steel, 23

Vance, J. D., 112

Wagner, Robert F., 186
Walkerdine, Valerie, 221n2
Wallace, Henry, 71
Walley, Christine, 219n33
Warren, Tracey, 98
Weil, David, 26
White Citizens Councils, 36
Whyte, William Foote, 110
Williams, Joan C., 83
Williams, Raymond, 5, 9, 161, 207n6, 209n31
Willis, Paul, 7, 85, 108, 148
Wilkinson, Richard, 119, 142–45
Wilson, August, 57
women’s liberation movement, 28, 34
World War II, 32–33, 36
Woodard, Colin, 82
working class
craftsmen and laborers, 54–55
definition of, 10–14, 73–76
hard-living, 10–11, 17, 90, 176
hard-living and settled-living, 5, 90, 118, 126, 158, 218n26
definition of, 161–62
relation to action-seeking and routine-seeking, 163
respectable and rough, 54–55
settled-living, 5, 58–59, 63, 90, 92, 173, 179, 186
increase of, 54–58
working-class culture, 4
action-seeking, 58
action-seeking and routine-seeking, 55
definition of, 162–63
relation to hard-living and settled-living, 163
anti-status, 46, 116–20, 142–47
aspiration, 3, 172–74, 176–78
authenticity, 3, 8, 101, 109, 208n21, 210n35
being, 103–10
being and belonging, 102–03
belonging, 110–16
breadwinner/homemaker ideology, lack of, 57–58
ceding control to gain control, 122, 133–34
and character, 104–09, 138
and collective action, 114, 147, 167–68, 181–85
college option in, 59–62
deference, uses of, 135—39
as deficit, 79
as dominated, 79
and integrity, 8, 85–86, 95, 101, 108–09, 138, 208n21
maladapted, 162
middle-class seeking, 162
present-oriented, 168–70
reactive, 80, 105, 154–55
realism, 3–4
respectability, 54–57
as residual, 80, 161
routine-seeking, 19, 55, 58, 162–63
and solidarity, 114
strategies of deference, 107–08, 138–39
toughness, 105, 165. See “taking it.”
unavoidable diversity, 125–26
values, 6–7
working-class studies, 19

Zucman, Gabriel, 206n11
Zweig, Michael, 10, 161