Copyright © 2025 by Rochelle Rojas

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

First published 2025 by Cornell University Press

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Rojas, Rochelle, 1975– author.

Title: Bad Christians and hanging toads : witch crafting in northern Spain, 1525–1675 / Rochelle Rojas.

Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2025. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2024015259 (print) | LCCN 2024015260 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501779718 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781501779725 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501779732 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Witchcraft—Spain—Navarre— History—15th century. | Witchcraft—Spain— Navarre—History—16th century. | Witch hunting— Spain—Navarre—History—15th century. | Witch hunting—Spain—Navarre—History—16th century.

Classification: LCC BF1584.S7 R64 2025 (print) | LCC BF1584.S7 (ebook) | DDC 133.4/3094652— dc23/eng/20240905

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024015259

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024015260

Cover image: Detail from an engraving by Jan Ziarnko depicting a witches’ Sabbath in Tableau de l’inconstance des mauvais anges et demons by Pierre de Lancre (1612).