Abbreviations

BOC

Bank of China

BOOT

build-own-operate-transfer

BOT

build-operate-transfer

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

CBRC

China Banking Regulatory Commission

CCB

China Construction Bank

CDB

China Development Bank

China Exim

Export-Import Bank of China

CIDCA

China International Development Cooperation Agency

CNPC

China National Petroleum Corporation

DAC

OECD Development Assistance Committee

DBJ

Development Bank of Japan

DFC

U.S. International Development Finance Corporation

DSSI

Debt Service Suspension Initiative

ECA

export credit agency

ECG

OECD Export Credit Group

EPC

engineering, procurement, and construction

FILP

Fiscal Investment and Loan Program

G20

Group of 20

IBRD

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICBC

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

IDA

International Development Association

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IMF

International Monetary Fund

JBIC

Japan Bank for International Cooperation

JICA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

KfW

Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (Credit Institute for Reconstruction)

LGFV

local government financial vehicle

LIBOR

London Interbank Offered Rate

LIO

liberal international order

MDB

multilateral development bank

MOF

Ministry of Finance

MOFA

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MOFCOM

Ministry of Commerce

NDRC

National Development and Reform Commission

NPL

nonperforming loan

ODA

official development assistance

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OOF

other official flows

PBOC

People’s Bank of China

PFA

public financial agency

PPP

public-private partnership

RMB

renminbi

SASAC

State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission

SIC

specialized investment company

Sinosure

China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation

SME

small and medium enterprise

SOE

state-owned enterprise

SPV

special purpose vehicle